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Rehbar B, Bilal M, Hassan HU, Gabol K, Khan MF, Nadeem K, Ullah S, Taj M, Khan FA, Abbas M, Ibrahim M, Haq IU, Ahmad A, Ríos-Escalante PR. Morphometric analysis and roosting ecology of bat species Pteropus Medius in Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e259039. [PMID: 37466508 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphometric measurement and roosting ecology of Pteropus medius were aimed to find out in Mansehra district of KP, Pakistan. Total 3149 numbers of bats were found in eight biological spots visited; Baffa Doraha, Darband, Dadar, Jallu, Hazara University, Garhi Habibullah Chattar Plain and Jabori, in total 299 numbers of different species of trees including; Morus alba, Pinus raxburghi, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Morus nigra, Grevillea robusta, Brousonetia papyrifera, Platanus orientalis, Ailanthus altissima, Hevea brasiliensis and Populus nigra. Morphometric features were measured and found vary according to sex of the bats. The average wing span, wing`s length from tip of wing to neck, from thumb to tip of wing and the body`s length from head and claws were recorded to be 102.98 cm, 49.07cm, 28.7 cm and 22.78 cm respectively in males while 93.67 cm, 44.83cm, 24.78cm and 22.78 cm respectively in female bats. Mean circumference of the body including wings and without wing were measured as 22.78 cm and 17.29 cm in males and that of female were 20.07 cm and 16.9 cm. Average length of thumb 3.64 cm, ear`s length 3.1 cm, snout 5.62cm, eye length were 1.07 cm for both sexes and length between the feet in extended position were16.3 cm. Generally different measurement of males bodies were found to be greater than female such as mean body surface area, mass, volume and pressure were found to be 2691.79 cm2, 855.7gm,1236.4 ml and 295.77 dyne/ c m 3 for male and 2576.46 cm2, 852.71gm,1207 ml and 290.2 dyne/ c m 3 respectively for female. While weight and density for both males and females bats were same with mean of 8.59 newton and 0.701 g/m3. Findings of current reports can add valued information in literature about bats, which can be used for species identification and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rehbar
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Bilal
- Government College University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H U Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
- Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Fisheries Development Board, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Gabol
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M F Khan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - K Nadeem
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Taj
- Degree College Gulabad Adenzai, Department of Environmental Sciences, KPK, Pakistan
| | - F A Khan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Abbas
- Quaid-i- Azam University, Department of Zoology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ibrahim
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - I U Haq
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Ahmad
- Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - P R Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
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Pottoo FH, Salahuddin M, Khan FA, Alsaeed WJ, Albaqshi BT, Rahman JU, Gomaa MS, Salama I, Alomary MN, Beigh S. Therapeutic enhancing potential of piracetam with diethylstilbestrol in prevention of grand-mal seizures in rats: inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines levels. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:4735-4751. [PMID: 37259757 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, continues to throw challenges in the therapeutic management. The current study sought to ascertain if the therapeutic interactions between piracetam and diethylstilbestrol may prevent grand-mal seizures in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Piracetam (PIR; 10 and 20 mg/kg) and diethylstilbestrol (DES; 10 and 20 mg/kg) alone as a low-dose combination were administered to rats for 14 days. The electroshock (MES; 180 mA, 220 V for 0.20 s) was delivered via auricular electrodes on the last day of treatment and rats were monitored for convulsive behavior. To elucidate the mechanism, hippocampal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were quantified. Hippocampal histopathology was conducted to study the neuroprotective effect of drug/s. In vitro studies and in silico studies were conducted in parallel. RESULTS To our surprise, the low dose of the combination regimen of PIR (10 mg/kg) and DES (10 mg/kg) unfolded synergistic anti-seizure potential, with brimming neuroprotective properties. The mechanism could be related to a significant reduction in the levels of hippocampal mTOR and proinflammatory cytokines. The docking scores revealed higher affinities for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in co-bound complex, and when docking DES first, while better affinities for protein kinase B (Akt) were revealed when docking PIR first (both drugs bind cooperatively as well). This indicated that the entire PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is intercepted by the said combination. In addition, the % of cell viability of HEK-293 cells [pre-exposed to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)] was increased by 327.29% compared to PTZ-treated cells (toxic control; 85.16%). CONCLUSIONS We are the first to report the promising efficacy of the combination (PIR 10 mg/kg + DES 10 mg/kg) to restrain seizures and epileptogenic changes induced by electroshock by a novel mechanism involving inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Nurunnabi M, Ferdouse M, Khan FA. Utilization of Antenatal Care Services by the Urban Slum Women. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1027-1033. [PMID: 36189548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is obvious that the urban population was blessed with all the modern health facilities the country could afford and side by side rapid urbanization leads to the development of slum areas throughout the city. Though the slum dwellers are part of the urban population their accessibility and utilization of health services are beyond imagination. This study was conducted to assess the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services by urban slum women. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among purposively selected 325 women, who experienced at least a live birth in the last 3 years and habitat of Korail and Ershadnogor slums of Dhaka from July 2018 to December 2018. The mean age of the participants was 24.7±5.2 years with 70.5% literacy rate and 65.8% were homemakers. About two-thirds (62.5%) of women experienced their 1st delivery between 17-21 years of age. Throughout pregnancy, 71.1% received antenatal checkups and among them, 66.1% took ANC ≥4 times. Half (51.7%) of deliveries were conducted at home. There was a significant association between ANC visits with the place of the last delivery (p<0.001) and a significant association between the number of ANC visits at the place of the last delivery (p=0.019). Study shows the inadequate utilization of ANC services by slum woman in contrast to urban residents. So, it is obvious that the available healthcare services need to recast for the slum habitats which should be need-based and address their drawbacks to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nurunnabi
- Dr Mohammad Nurunnabi, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Sylhet Women's Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Tasnim A, Shamsuzzaman AK, Ferdose J, Khan FA, Rahman N. Current Trend of Aerobic Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Burn Wound Infection of A Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajshahi. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:431-436. [PMID: 35383763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injury is still a life-threatening event, associated with high mortality and morbidity inspite of recent advances and infection control practices. This cross sectional study was conducted at Microbiology department of Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Bangladesh with the objective to provide an insight into the current trend of aerobic bacteria with their antibiogram in burn wound infected patients admitted in Burn and Plastic Surgery Unit of RMCH from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. A total of 212 wound swabs were collected and processed as per standard protocol. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Burn injurywas highest (44.81%) in age group 21-30 years in fire related burn patients (41.98%) and female were predominant (59.91%). Among 212 samples 89.62% yielded growth and 196 bacterial species were isolated in which P. aeruginosa were the predominant organism (34.18%) followed by Proteus spp. (23.47%), Klebsiella spp. (14.80%), E. coli (11.73%), S. aureus (10.71%), Acinetobacter spp. & CoNS (2.04%) and Enterobacter spp. (1.03%). In this study meropenem, amikacin and vancomycin were highly sensitive drugs but 3rd generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin showed resistance. Therefore continuous microbiological surveillance and careful in vitro testing prior to antibiotic treatment is required to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tasnim
- Dr Anika Tasnim, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Parkview Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Usman MB, Bhardwaj S, Roychoudhury S, Kumar D, Alexiou A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK, Prasher P, Shukla S, Upadhye V, Khan FA, Awasthi R, Shastri MD, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Jha SK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S, Jha NK. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 8:534-551. [PMID: 34585229 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic approaches. No single theory has yet accounted for the various risk factors leading to the pathological and clinical manifestations of dementia-type AD. Therefore, treatment options targeting various molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have been unsuccessful. However, the exploration of various immunotherapeutic avenues revitalizes hope after decades of disappointment. The hallmark of a good immunotherapeutic candidate is not only to remove amyloid plaques but also to slow cognitive decline. In line with this, both active and passive immunotherapy have shown success and limitations. Recent approval of aducanumab for the treatment of AD demonstrates how close passive immunotherapy is to being successful. However, several major bottlenecks still need to be resolved. This review outlines recent successes and challenges in the pursuit of an AD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Usman
- Dr. Niraj Kumar Jha, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India, ; , Tel: +91-7488019194, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-4069; Dr. Shreesh Ojha, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, UAE, E-mail: , Tel: +971-3-7137524, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-2966
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Ullah A, Qamash T, Khan FA, Sultan A, Ahmad S, Abbas M, Khattak MAK, Begum N, Din SU, Jamil J, Kalsoom. Characterization of a Coliphage AS1 isolated from sewage effluent in Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e240943. [PMID: 34259715 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.240943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, which are posing a global health threat has developed the interest of scientists to use bacteriophages instead of conventional antibiotics therapy. In light of an increased interest in the use of phage as a bacterial control agent, the study aimed to isolate and characterize lytic phages from sewage effluent. During the current study, bacteriophage AS1 was isolated from sewage effluent against E.coli S2. The lytic activity of phageAS1 was limited to E.coli S2 strain showing monovalent behavior. The calculated phage titer was 3.5×109 pfu/ml. PhageAS1 was stable at a wide range of pH and temperature. The maximum stability was recorded at 37ºC and pH 7.0, while showing its normal lytic activity at temperature 60ºC and from pH 5.0 to11.0 respectively. At temperature 70ºC, phage activity was somewhat reduced whereas, further increase in temperature and decrease or increase in pH completely inactivated the phage. From the current study, it was concluded that waste water is a best source for finding bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and can be used as bacterial control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - T Qamash
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - F A Khan
- University of Okara, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Okara, Pakistan
| | - A Sultan
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Abbas
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Pharmacy, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M A K Khattak
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - N Begum
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - S U Din
- Quaid E Azam University, Department of Microbiology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Jamil
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom
- University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
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Chan G, Triasih R, Nababan B, du Cros P, Wilks N, Main S, Huang GKL, Lin D, Graham SM, Majumdar SS, Bakker M, Khan A, Khan FA, Dwihardiani B. Adapting active case-finding for TB during the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Public Health Action 2021; 11:41-49. [PMID: 34159059 PMCID: PMC8202624 DOI: 10.5588/pha.20.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and response measures, including lockdowns and the reorientation of health services, have disrupted essential health services for other diseases, including TB, HIV and malaria. For TB, reductions in case detection due to the COVID-19 pandemic are projected to result in increased TB transmission, morbidity and mortality. Active case-finding (ACF) for TB using community-based approaches is a potential strategy to offset reductions in TB detection by obviating the need for patients to seek care at a health facility. A number of approaches can be used to conduct TB ACF safely and screen designated target populations while managing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for staff, individuals and the community. We present a framework of options for and experience of adapting TB ACF services in response to the challenges of COVID-19 in our programme in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Key changes have included revised prioritisation of target populations focusing on household contacts, reducing case-finding throughput, implementation of additional infection control measures and precautions, and integration of COVID-19 screening among those being screened for TB. Our approach could inform other programmes seeking to adapt TB ACF services to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chan
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Triasih
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - B Nababan
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - P du Cros
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Wilks
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Main
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - D Lin
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S M Graham
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - S S Majumdar
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Bakker
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Khan
- STOP TB Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F A Khan
- STOP TB Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Dwihardiani
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Masrur A, Adnan M, Khan FA, Tayyab A. Association of Severity of Allergic Conjunctivitis with Skin Prick Test. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020; 30:1166-1169. [PMID: 33222733 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.11.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between skin prick test and severity of allergic conjunctivitis. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional observational study. Study Place and Duration of Study: Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bara Kahu, Islamabad, between March and September 2019. METHODOLOGY 150 eyes of 150 diagnosed cases of allergic conjunctivitis, who had had a skin prick test, were included in the study. Cases with other concurrent ocular surface diseases, conjunctivitides, systemic allergies, and those on systemic steroids, anti-histamines and tricyclic antidepressant agents were excluded. Signs of allergic conjunctivitis were graded via slit-lamp examination using a 5-5-5 exacerbation grading scale. Allergic conjunctivitis was classified as being severe if the total score was ≥230, moderate if the score was >20 and <230, and mild if the score was ≤20. Frequency distribution was reported for age, gender and result of skin prick test. Test of significance and correlation analysis was carried out between the result of skin prick test and the severity of allergic conjunctivitis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS Mean age was 18.62 (±8.15) years in 91 males and 59 females. Mild (n = 28), moderate (n = 77), and severe (n = 45) cases showed no statistically significant correlation with the skin prick test (positive or negative) in any of the three categories (mild p = 0.44, r = 0.153, moderate p = 0.89, r = 0.016, and severe p = 0.73, r = 0.052). CONCLUSION Skin prick test did not show a significant association or correlation with the severity of allergic conjunctivitis. Key Words: Allergic conjunctivitis, Hypersensitivity, Skin prick test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Masrur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Tayyab
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khan FA, Qureshi NA. Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Resistant Cystoid Macular Edema. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020; 29:1165-1168. [PMID: 31839088 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2019.12.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema (CME) resistant to medical treatment. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to July 2019. METHODOLOGY This study recruited 30 eyes of 30 patients with cystoid macular edema confirmed on optical coherence tomography that was refractory to medical treatment. Eyes with diabetic fibrous proliferation, optic atrophy, neo-vascular glaucoma, membrance and macular retinal pigment epithelial atrophy were excluded from the study. All patients underwent 23 G pars plana vitrectomy followed by epiretinal membrane / internal limiting membrane (ERM/ILM) peeling and gas injection. In 11 eyes, perfluoropropane gas was injected; while in 19 eyes, sulfurhexafluoride gas was injected. Main outcome measures included pre- and post-op Snellen's visual acuity and central macular thickness (CMT). All patients completed their follow-up of six months. RESULTS Mean age of 16 male and 14 female patients was 54.30 ±3.70 years. Postoperative Snellen's visual acuity improved to 0.61 ±0.08 from 0.11 ±0.04 and postoperative central macular thickness improved to 223.80 ±40.20 μm from 578.00 ±26.57 μm. Both differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Pars plana vitrectomy with ERM / ILM peel and gas injection for CME refractory to medical treatment is an effective treatment. There was significantly improved best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) postoperatively along with decreased CMT on optical coherance tomography (OCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Alahmari F, Rehman S, Almessiere M, Khan FA, Slimani Y, Baykal A. Synthesis of Ni 0.5Co 0.5-xCd xFe 1.78Nd 0.02O 4 (x ≤ 0.25) nanofibers by using electrospinning technique induce anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3186-3193. [PMID: 32340569 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1761880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the electrospinning synthesis of Cd-substituted Ni-Co ferrite Ni0.5Co0.5-xCdxFe1.78Nd0.02O4 (x ≤ 0.25) nanofiber (NFs) with a very low concentration of Nd as a dopant. The structure and surface morphology of the Ni0.5Co0.5-xCdxFe1.78Nd0.02O4 (x ≤ 0.25) NFs were analyzed by X-ray powder pattern (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopes (TEM) along with Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). We have examined the biological applications of the Ni0.5Co0.5-xCdxFe1.78Nd0.02O4 (x ≤ 0.25) NFs on both cancerous cells and bacterial cells. We have found that Ni0.5Co0.5-xCdxFe1.78Nd0.02O4 (x ≤ 0.25) NFs produced inhibitory action on the human colorectal carcinoma cells (HEK-293) and also showed inhibitory action on the bacterial strains (S. aureus and E. coli) respectively. Finally, this is the first report on the synthesis of Cd- substituted Co-Ni ferrite nanofibers using electrospinning technique exhibiting anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alahmari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Almessiere
- Department of Biophysics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Baykal
- Department of Nanomedicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Tombuloglu H, Khan FA, Almessiere MA, Aldakheel S, Baykal A. Synthesis of niobium substituted cobalt-nickel nano-ferrite (Co 0.5Ni 0.5Nb xFe 2-xO 4 (x ≤ 0.1) by hydrothermal approach show strong anti-colon cancer activities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2257-2265. [PMID: 32241211 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1748719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of two or more nanoparticles found to be effective strategy to synthesize nanocomposites for better drug delivery and treatment. In the present study, we have combined cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb), and iron oxide (Fe2O4) and prepared niobium substituted cobalt-nickel nano-ferrite nanocomposites (Co0.5Ni0.5NbxFe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) by using hydrothermal approach. We have characterized the structure and morphology of nanocomposites by using XRD, EDX, TEM and SEM methodologies. We have examined the impact of nanocomposites (Co0.5Ni0.5NbxFe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) on cancerous cells (human colorectal carcinoma cells, HCT-116) by using MTT assay. We have also checked the impact of nanocomposites on normal and non-cancerous cells (human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293) to confirm the specificity of their actions. Post- 48 h treatment of Co0.5Ni0.5NbxFe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) led to dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cells growth and proliferation. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed on the normal cells (HEK-293). In addition, DAPI stained nuclear DNA staining analysis demonstrates that the Co0.5Ni0.5NbxFe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) treatment also caused nuclear DNA disintegration which is the marker for programmed cell death. These results demonstrate that synthesized nanocomposites Co0.5Ni0.5NbxFe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) selectively target the colon cancer cells and induce cancer cell death.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Aldakheel
- Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Baykal
- Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Rehman S, Almessiere MA, Khan FA, Korkmaz AD, Tashkandi N, Slimani Y, Baykal A. Synthesis and biological characterization of Mn 0.5Zn 0.5Eu xDy xFe 1.8-2xO 4 nanoparticles by sonochemical approach. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 109:110534. [PMID: 32228890 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties which makes them attractive candidates for various applications especially in field of experimental medicine and drug delivery. Many approaches were developed to synthesize divers and customized metallic NPs that can be useful in many areas such as, experimental medicine, drug design, drug delivery, electrical and electronic engineering, electrochemical sensors, and biochemical sensors. Among different metallic nanoparticles, manganese (Mn) NPs are the most prominent materials, in the present study, we have synthetized unique Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs by using ultrasonication method (x ≤ 0.1). The structure, and surface morphology of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX methods. We have examined the biological effects of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs on both normal (HEK-293) and cancerous (HCT-116) cells. We have found that the treatment of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs post 48 h, showed significant decline in cancer cells population as revealed by MTT assay. The IC50 value of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs was ranged between (2.35 μg/mL to 2.33 μg/mL). To check the specificity of the actions, we found that the treatment of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs did not produce any effects on the normal cells, which suggest that Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs selectively targeted the cancerous cells. The anti-bacterial properties of Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs were also evaluated by MIC and MBC assays. We suggest that Mn0.5Zn0.5DyxEuxFe1.8-2xO4 NPs produced by sonochemical method possess potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC),Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Demir Korkmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Uskudar, Turkey.
| | - N Tashkandi
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Y Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Baykal
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Du C, Deng T, Zhou Y, Ye T, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Shao B, Wei P, Sun H, Khan FA, Yang L, Hua G. Systematic analyses for candidate genes of milk production traits in water buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). Anim Genet 2019; 50:207-216. [PMID: 30937948 DOI: 10.1111/age.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is of great economic importance as a provider of milk and meat in many countries. However, the milk yield of buffalo is much lower than that of Holstein cows. Selection of candidate genes related to milk production traits can be applied to improve buffalo milk performance. A systematic review of studies of these candidate genes will be greatly beneficial for researchers to timely and efficiently understand the research development of molecular markers for buffalo milk production traits. Here, we identified and classified the candidate genes associated with buffalo milk production traits. A total of 517 candidate genes have been identified as being associated with milk performance in different buffalo breeds. Nineteen candidate genes containing 47 mutation sites have been identified using the candidate gene approach. In addition, 499 candidate genes have been identified in six genome-wide association studies (GWASes) including two studies performed with the bovine SNP chip and four studies with the buffalo SNP chip. Genes CTNND2 (catenin delta 2), APOB (apolipoprotein B), FHIT (fragile histidine triad) and ESRRG (estrogen related receptor gamma) were identified in at least two GWASes. These four genes, especially APOB, deserve further study to explore regulatory roles in buffalo milk production. With growth in the number of buffalo genomic studies, more candidate genes associated with buffalo milk production traits will be identified. Therefore, future studies, such as those investigating gene location and functional analyses, are necessary to facilitate the exploitation of genetic potential and the improvement of buffalo milk performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Du
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - T Deng
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - T Ye
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - S Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - B Shao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - P Wei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - H Sun
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - F A Khan
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - G Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, 430070, China
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14
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Abstract
The study objective was to measure the change in pulse pressure associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and to relate these changes to trends in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. The rationale was that the rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be disproportionate and may result in either increase or decrease in pulse pressure. We also looked at the influence of age on this response. This prospective observational study measured the changes in pulse pressure secondary to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in eighty adult surgical patients. Two groups of forty patients each were included, young (group A) 18–25 years and middle-aged (group B) 45–55 years. The patients were ASA Class 1 or 2, of either gender, and non-hypertensive. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and heart rate were measured preinduction and 1, 2 and 3 minutes after induction. Thereafter they were measured every minute for five minutes after intubation. Pulse pressure was obtained by subtracting the diastolic from the systolic blood pressure. No pulse pressure change occurred in the young group despite of a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The middle aged group showed an average rise of +18 mm of Hg in pulse pressure (taken at 1 minute post-intubation) compared to the baseline measurement (P<0.0001). These changes in pulse pressure during anaesthesia may indicate an additional pulsatile stress in vulnerable patients in addition to the changes associated with resistance alone and need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gulfam N, Zahoor M, Khisroom M, Khan FA. In Vivo Detoxification of Ochratoxin A by Highly Porous Magnetic Nanocomposites Prepared from Coconut Shell. Braz J Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Zahoor
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | | | - FA Khan
- Principal Abbotabad International College of Pharmacy AIMI, Pakistan
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Goswami M, Khan FA, Ibrisevic A, Olsson PE, Jass J. Development of Escherichia coli-based gene expression profiling of sewage sludge leachates. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1502-1517. [PMID: 29928772 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of municipal waste on pathogenic micro-organisms released into the environment is a public health concern. This study aims to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge and antibiotic contaminants on stress response, virulence and antibiotic resistance in a pathogenic Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of sewage sludge leachates on uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 were determined by monitoring the expression of 45 genes associated with antibiotic/metal resistance, stress response and virulence using RT-qPCR. The E. coli gene expression was validated using subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. E. coli exposed to sewage sludge or sewage sludge+fly ash leachates altered the expression of five antibiotic and metal resistance, three stress response and two virulence-associated genes. When antibiotics were combined with sludge or sludge+fly ash the antibiotic-associated gene expression was altered. CONCLUSIONS E. coli treated with two sludge leachates had distinct gene expression patterns that were altered when the sludge leachates were combined with tetracycline, although to a lesser extent with ciprofloxacin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The E. coli multigene expression analysis is a potential new tool for assessing the effects of pollutants on pathogenic microbes in environmental waters for improved risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goswami
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - F A Khan
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Ibrisevic
- Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi & Miljö AB, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - P-E Olsson
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Jass
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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17
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Khan FA, Chenier TS, Foster RA, Hewson J, Scholtz EL. Endometrial nitric oxide synthase activity in mares susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis and the effect of a specific iNOS inhibitor in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2018. [PMID: 29537110 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that the nitric oxide system may play a role in persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) in the mare. Differences in uterine nitric oxide (NO) levels between mares susceptible or resistant to PBIE and a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of NO on uterine contractility have been demonstrated. The objectives of this study were to investigate the difference in total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the endometrium between susceptible and resistant mares and the effect of a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor on the endometrial NOS activity in vitro. Six susceptible and six resistant mares were selected based on preset criteria and the results of an intrauterine challenge with killed spermatozoa during oestrus. Endometrial biopsy samples were collected 24 hr post-challenge and cultured at 37°C for 24 hr in L-arginine supplemented minimum essential medium with or without a specific iNOS inhibitor (1,400 W dihydrochloride, 1 mM). The medium and the cultured endometrial tissue were collected after 24 hr of culture and assayed for NO and total protein, respectively. Total NO content of the medium, normalized to endometrial tissue wet weight or total protein, was used as a measure of endometrial NOS activity. Non-parametric tests were applied for statistical analysis. Susceptible mares had significantly greater endometrial NOS activity than resistant mares. The iNOS inhibitor treatment significantly reduced NOS activity in endometrial samples derived from susceptible and resistant mares. These findings provide a basis for in vivo testing of specific iNOS inhibitors as preventative or therapeutic options for PBIE in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - T S Chenier
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R A Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Hewson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - E L Scholtz
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of conjuctival leiomyoma. CASE REPORT An 18-year-old female patient presented with a conjunctival growth in the left eye for a 2-year-period with no change in size. She merely presented for cosmetic reasons. Visual acuity was 20/20 in each eye. The lesion had prominent vessels and was not adherent to the sclera. The growth resembled a benign lesion of the conjunctiva. The tough and vascular tissue was excised and sent for histopathology. The defect was covered by an end to end conjunctival suturing. Histopathology showed the lesion to be conjunctival leiomyoma. Trichome was used to highlight the spindle shaped cells and immuno-histochemistry using anti-smooth muscle actin antibody and Vimentin was applied to confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSION This case adds to the total number of cases of conjuctival leiomyoma reported in the literature to date. An ophthalmologist needs to think beyond a common mass when encountering a conjunctival growth extending onto the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Afghani
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplastics, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplastics, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mansoor
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplastics, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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19
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Khan FA, Reddy RV, Naeem M, Vali Y, Masih I, Siddique N. S96 Comparative outcomes of outpatient management of primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Nazir M, Salim B, Khan FA. Pharmacological agents for reducing the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in paediatric patients: a systematic review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:681-691. [PMID: 27832553 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this review was to assess the effect of pharmacological agents administered to attenuate the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in paediatric patients up to 16 years of age undergoing elective surgery. Secondary aims were to identify adverse effects related to these agents, and the agents' roles in decreasing arrhythmias. A systematic search was conducted for articles listed in PubMed, CINAHL or the Cochrane database between January 1980 and June 2014. We included randomised controlled trials where the stated aim of the study included observing the effects of pharmacological agents on the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The outcome measures were changes in mean, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, adverse effects of drugs and arrhythmias. Sixteen publications with a total of 1408 children (ages two to 15 years) were identified. These studies varied in methodology and quality. Opioids were the commonest agents used and appeared to obtund the response in a dose-related manner. Fentanyl 2 µg/kg, remifentanil 1 µg/kg, sufentanil 0.1 and 0.2 µg/kg and alfentanil 25 µg/kg blunted the haemodynamic response. Remifentanil 3 µg/kg and sufentanil 0.3 µg/kg were the most effective in obliterating the response but led to hypotension in unstimulated patients. Opioid-related side-effects and arrhythmias were observed in few patients. We recommend that when required, the safe and effective doses identified in this review be used to obtund the haemodynamic response to intubation in paediatric patients, with close observation for the uncommon but recognised side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazir
- Senior Instructor, Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - B Salim
- Senior Instructor, Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - F A Khan
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Saba M, Khan FA, Sadaqat HA, Rana IA. Estimation of diversity and combining abilities in Helianthus annuus L. under water stress and normal conditions. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048670. [PMID: 27813567 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower cannot produce high yields under water-limiting conditions. The aim of the present study was to prevent the impediments on yield and to develop varieties with high-yield potential under water scarce conditions. For achieving this objective, it is necessary to detect parents with desirable traits that mainly depend on the action of genes controlling the trait under improvement, combining ability, and genetic makeup of the parents. Heterosis can also be used to pool the desirable genes from genetically divergent varieties and these divergent parents could be detected by molecular studies. Ten tolerant and five susceptible tester lines were selected, crossed, and tested for genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat primers. We identified two parents (A-10.8 and G-60) that showed maximum (46.7%) genetic dissimilarity. On an average 3.1 alleles per locus were detected for twenty pair of primers. Evaluation of mean values revealed that under stress conditions the mean performances of the genotypes were reduced for all traits under study. Parent A-10.8 was consistent as a good general combiner for achene yield per plant under both non-stress and stress conditions. Line A-10.8 in the hybrid A-10.8 x G-60 proved to be a good combiner as it showed negative specific combining ability (SCA) effects for plant height and internodal length and positive SCA effects for head weight, achene yield per plant, and membrane stability index. Valuable information on gene action, combining ability, and heterosis was generated, which could be used in further breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saba
- #sup##sup#2#/sup##/sup#Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - F A Khan
- #sup##sup#2#/sup##/sup#Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H A Sadaqat
- #sup##sup#2#/sup##/sup#Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I A Rana
- #sup##sup#2#/sup##/sup#Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khan FA, Ryanna K, Bailie E, Vali Y. P271 Using age-adjusted D-dimers for ruling out PEs in an ambulatory care setting: Abstract P271 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Khan FA, Ryanna K, Bailie E, Vali Y. P270 Identifying the optimal D-dimer cut off value for ruling out PEs in an ambulatory care setting: Abstract P270 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zaidi A, Bukhari SM, Khan FA, Noor T, Iqbal N. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of daphne mucronata (thymeleaceae). TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i8.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Maalik A, Khan FA, Mumtaz A, Mehmood A, Azhar S, Atif M, Karim S, Altaf Y, Tariq I. Pharmacological Applications of Quercetin and its Derivatives: A Short Review. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dikmen S, Khan FA, Huson HJ, Sonstegard TS, Moss JI, Dahl GE, Hansen PJ. The SLICK hair locus derived from Senepol cattle confers thermotolerance to intensively managed lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5508-20. [PMID: 24996281 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The SLICK haplotype (http://omia.angis.org.au/OMIA001372/9913/) in cattle confers animals with a short and sleek hair coat. Originally identified in Senepol cattle, the gene has been introduced into Holsteins. The objectives of the current study were to determine (1) whether lactating Holsteins with the slick hair phenotype have superior ability for thermoregulation compared with wild-type cows or relatives not inheriting the SLICK haplotype, and (2) whether seasonal depression in milk yield would be reduced in SLICK cows. In experiment 1, diurnal variation in vaginal temperature in the summer was monitored for cows housed in a freestall barn with fans and sprinklers. Vaginal temperatures were lower in slick-haired cows than in relatives and wild-type cows. In experiment 2, acute responses to heat stress were monitored after cows were moved to a dry lot in which the only heat abatement was shade cloth. The increases in rectal temperature and respiration rate caused by heat stress during the day were lower for slick cows than for relatives or wild-type cows. Moreover, sweating rate was higher for slick cows than for cows of the other 2 types. In experiment 3, effects of season of calving (summer vs. winter) on milk yield and composition were determined. Compared with milk yield of cows calving in winter, milk yield during the first 90 d in milk was lower for cows calving in the summer. However, this reduction was less pronounced for slick cows than for wild-type cows. In conclusion, Holsteins with slick hair have superior thermoregulatory ability compared with non-slick animals and experience a less drastic depression in milk yield during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dikmen
- University of Uludag, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - F A Khan
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - H J Huson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - T S Sonstegard
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - J I Moss
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - G E Dahl
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - P J Hansen
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville 32611-0910.
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Gupta M, Dangi SS, Chouhan VS, Hyder I, Babitha V, Yadav VP, Khan FA, Sonwane A, Singh G, Das GK, Mitra A, Bag S, Sarkar M. Expression and localization of ghrelin and its functional receptor in corpus luteum during different stages of estrous cycle and the modulatory role of ghrelin on progesterone production in cultured luteal cells in buffalo. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48:21-32. [PMID: 24906925 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence obtained during recent years provided has insight into the regulation of corpus luteum (CL) development, function, and regression by locally produced ghrelin. The present study was carried out to evaluate the expression and localization of ghrelin and its receptor (GHS-R1a) in bubaline CL during different stages of the estrous cycle and investigate the role of ghrelin on progesterone (P4) production along with messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of P4 synthesis intermediates. The mRNA and protein expression of ghrelin and GHS-R1a was significantly greater in mid- and late luteal phases. Both factors were localized in luteal cells, exclusively in the cytoplasm. Immunoreactivity of ghrelin and GHS-R1a was greater during mid- and late luteal phases. Luteal cells were cultured in vitro and treated with ghrelin each at 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL concentrations for 48 h after obtaining 75% to 80% confluence. At a dose of 1 ng/mL, there was no significant difference in P4 secretion between control and treatment group. At 10 and 100 ng/mL, there was a decrease (P < 0.05) in P4 concentration, cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1), and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA expression and localization. There was no difference in mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein between control and treatment group. In summary, the present study provided evidence that ghrelin and its receptor are expressed in bubaline CL and are localized exclusively in the cell cytoplasm and ghrelin has an inhibitory effect on P4 production in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S S Dangi
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - I Hyder
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V Babitha
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V P Yadav
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - A Sonwane
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G K Das
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - A Mitra
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India.
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Babitha V, Yadav VP, Chouhan VS, Hyder I, Dangi SS, Gupta M, Khan FA, Taru Sharma G, Sarkar M. Luteinizing hormone, insulin like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor production in cultured bubaline granulosa cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 198:1-12. [PMID: 24361167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize in vitro expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bubaline granulosa cells (GC), grown in serum containing media supplemented with luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) at three different doses and time durations. GCs were collected from ovarian follicles of varying diameters [Gp-I (small), 4-6 mm; Gp-II (medium), 7-9 mm; Gp-III (large), 10-13 mm; Gp-IV (pre-ovulatory), >13 mm]. In general, each of the three treatments resulted in a dose as well as time dependent increase in the mRNA expression and secretion of VEGF in the cultured GCs of Gp-IV follicles. These results were well supported by our observations on immunocytochemistry in Gp IV granulosa cell culture (GCC). We also looked into the expression dynamics of an anti-apoptotic factor--proliferating cellular antigen (PCNA) and a pro-apoptotic factor--Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in GCs of Gp IV follicles on treatments with LH, IGF-1, and EGF to evaluate their cytoprotective/anti-apoptotic property. Relative expressions of PCNA and BAX showed a mutually opposite trend with the PCNA expression increasing and BAX expression decreasing with increase in dose and time to reach the zenith (P<0.05) and nadir (P<0.05) at the highest dose(s) at the maximum time duration (72 h) for PCNA and BAX respectively on treatment with all the three factors. Thus, it can be concluded that LH, IGF-1, and EGF treatments have a cytoprotective/anti-apoptotic effect and stimulate VEGF production in granulosa cells of bubaline pre-ovulatory follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Babitha
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V P Yadav
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - I Hyder
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S S Dangi
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Bhat MH, Sharma V, Khan FA, Naykoo NA, Yaqoob SH, Khan HM, Fazili MR, Ganai NA, Shah RA. Comparison of slow freezing and vitrification on ovine immature oocytes. Cryo Letters 2014; 35:77-82. [PMID: 24872161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immature oocytes are more sensitive to cold injury than mature oocytes. OBJECTIVE The study was to evaluate the post thaw normal oocytes, cleavage and blastocyst rates of ovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COC's) using different cryoprotectants by slow freezing and Open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification. METHODS In five replicates, abattoir derived COC's were collected and distributed into three groups. In Experiment 1, COC's were cryopreserved by a slow freezing protocol using 10% concentration of ethylene glycol (EG), 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or 5% EG and 5% DMSO mixture. In Experiment 2 and 3 embryos were cryopreserved by OPS vitrification using either 33% or 40% (EG, DMSO or an equal mixture of EG and DMSO mixture. Normal oocytes post thaw were in vitro matured and parthenogenetically activated. RESULTS Although, there was no difference in the number of post thaw normal oocytes between the groups, cleavage and blastocyst rates were higher in 10% slow freezing group than any of the vitrified groups. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates better cryopreservation of ovine COC's by controlled slow freezing than OPS vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Munshi
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Khan FA, Prasad S, Gupta HP. Effect of heat stress on pregnancy rates of crossbred dairy cattle in Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan FA, Bhat MH, Yaqoob SH, Waheed SM, Naykoo NA, Athar H, Khan HM, Fazili MR, Ganai NA, Singla SK, Shah RA. In vitro development of goat-sheep and goat-goat zona-free cloned embryos in different culture media. Theriogenology 2013; 81:419-23. [PMID: 24210966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gradual decline in the genetic diversity of farm animals has threatened their survival and risk of their extinction has increased many fold in the recent past. Endangered species could be rescued using interspecies embryo production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three different culture media on the development of Handmade cloned intraspecies (goat-goat) and interspecies (goat-sheep) embryo reconstructs. Research vitro cleave media (RVCL) yielded higher cleavage and morula-blastocyst development in intraspecies and interspecies nuclear transfer groups compared with G1.G2 and modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOFaaci). Cleavage frequency of intraspecies cloned embryos in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 did not differ significantly (87.12%, 82.45%, and 92.52%, respectively). However, the morula/blastocyst frequency in RVCL was greater in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (51.18% vs. 38.28% vs. 36.50%, respectively). Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in interspecies cloned embryos was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (76.14% and 42.3% vs. 65.9% and 38.3% vs. 58.56% and 33.1%, respectively). Goat oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 and kept as control. Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in this group was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (89.66% and 65.26% vs. 85.44% and 48.05% vs. 86.58% and 42.06%, respectively). Conclusively, the results suggest that not only can the interspecies embryos of goat be produced using sheep oocytes as donor cytoplast but also the percentages can be improved by using RVCL media for culturing of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M H Bhat
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S H Yaqoob
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S M Waheed
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Naykoo
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H Athar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H M Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goat, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M R Fazili
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Ganai
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S K Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - R A Shah
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Tandiya U, Nagar V, Yadav VP, Ali I, Gupta M, Dangi SS, Hyder I, Yadav B, Bhakat M, Chouhan VS, Khan FA, Maurya VP, Sarkar M. Temporal changes in pregnancy-associated glycoproteins across different stages of gestation in the Barbari goat. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 142:141-8. [PMID: 24148280 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the temporal profile of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs; isoforms 1-11) across different stages of gestation in the Barbari goat. Placentae were collected from local abattoir, classified according to crown rump length of the corresponding foetus into five groups (0-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120, and 121-150 days of gestation), and used for relative quantification of mRNA expression by Pfaffl method. In addition, adult female goats (pregnant, n = 7; non-pregnant, n = 5) were used to estimate weekly plasma PAG and progesterone (P4) concentrations. The relative mRNA expression of PAGs was greater (p<0.05) during 31-60 days of gestation, which correlated well with the temporal changes in plasma PAG concentrations. Relative expression of PAGs decreased steadily as gestation advanced with minimum expression observed just before parturition, except for PAG-4 and PAG-8 that showed constantly higher expression throughout pregnancy. Plasma PAG and P4 concentrations showed a distinct temporal pattern with a significant increase beginning at 2 weeks and return to basal levels by 20 weeks of gestation. However, PAG concentrations reached a peak earlier in gestation (8 weeks) than P4 (10-14 weeks). Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive association (r = 0.748, p<0.01) between plasma PAG and P4 concentrations. In conclusion, results of this study indicate a distinct temporal pattern of PAG expression and secretion during gestation in the Barbari goat. The temporal changes in PAGs and the positive association with P4 are suggestive of their role in maintenance of pregnancy and progressive foetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjawala Tandiya
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
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Khan FA, Sacchan SSD, Singh MP, Patoo RA, Prasad S, Gupta HP. Trivers–Willard hypothesis revisited: Does heat stress peri–insemination alter secondary sex ratio in crossbred dairy cattle? Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Prasad S, Singh B, Singhal S, Khan FA, Prasad JK, Gupta HP. Production of the first viable ovum pick–up and in vitro embryo produced (OPU–IVEP) buffalo calf in India. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Chouhan VS, Panda RP, Yadav VP, Babitha V, Khan FA, Das GK, Gupta M, Dangi SS, Singh G, Bag S, Sharma GT, Berisha B, Schams D, Sarkar M. Expression and Localization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Receptors in the Corpus Luteum During Oestrous Cycle in Water Buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:810-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VS Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - RP Panda
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - VP Yadav
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - V Babitha
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - FA Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
| | - GK Das
- Animal Reproduction Division; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - M Gupta
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - SS Dangi
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - GT Sharma
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
| | - B Berisha
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary; University of Prishtina; Prishtinë; Kosovo
| | - D Schams
- Physiology Weihenstephan; Technical University Munich; Freising; Germany
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Bareilly; India
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Ginther OJ, Pinaffi FLV, Khan FA, Duarte LF, Beg MA. Follicular-phase concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17β, LH, FSH, and a PGF2α metabolite and daily clustering of prolactin pulses, based on hourly blood sampling and hourly detection of ovulation in heifers. Theriogenology 2013; 79:918-28. [PMID: 23434204 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of hormones were determined each hour in 13 heifers from the end of the luteolytic period to ovulation (follicular phase, 3.5 days). Diameter of the preovulatory follicle was determined every 8 hours, and the time of ovulation was determined hourly. The diameter of the preovulatory follicle decreased 0.8 ± 0.1 mm/h in heifers when there was 1 to 3 hours between the last two diameter measurements before ovulation. The concentration of progesterone (P4) after the end of the luteolytic period (P4 < 1 ng/mL) changed (P < 0.0001), as shown by a continued decrease until Hour -57 (Hour 0 = ovulation), then was maintained at approximately 0.2 ng/mL until 2 hours before the peak of the LH surge at Hour -26, and then a decrease to 0.1 ng/mL along with a decrease in estradiol-17β. Concentrations of LH gradually increased (P < 0.007) and concentrations of FSH gradually decreased (P < 0.0001) after the end of luteolysis until the beginning nadirs of the respective preovulatory surges. A cluster of prolactin (PRL) pulses occurred (P < 0.0001) each day with approximately 24 hours between the maximum value of successive clusters. Hourly concentrations of a PGF2α metabolite decreased (P < 0.007) until Hour -40, but did not differ among hours thereafter. Novel observations included the gradual increase in LH and decrease in FSH until the beginning of the preovulatory surges and follicle diameter decrease a few hours before ovulation. Results supported the following hypotheses: (1) change in the low circulating P4 concentrations during the follicular phase are temporally associated with change in LH concentrations; and (2) PRL pulses occur in a cluster each day during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA.
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Khan FA, Rice D, Tadros G. The use of supportive observations within an inpatient mental health unit for older people and dilemma of using the Mental Health Act (2007) or the Mental Capacity Act (2005) in England and Wales. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2013; 20:91-6. [PMID: 22900598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In England and Wales the interface between the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) and Mental Health Act 2007 (MHA) is frequently encountered in mental health practice. In services involving older adults many service users will have cognitive impairment and dementias in some instances with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and assessments regarding their mental capacity to make decisions are frequently required. Service users with these illnesses are admitted to psychiatric wards and occasionally nursed under 'close observations' in order to maintain their safety and that of others. The concepts of 'complete and effective control' which may be exercised by ward staff in these circumstances, and the resulting 'loss of autonomy under supervision and control' must be understood in consideration of whether a 'deprivation of liberty' should ensue, particularly when they do not have mental capacity to make decisions about the observations. The observation policy must clearly delineate the different forms of nursing observations possible e.g. close, constant, intermediate, general etc. to avoid confusion among staff members implementing the observation plan. Various dilemmas and management of such dilemmas concerning the use of MCA 2005, MHA 2007 and observation policies has been discussed in this paper. Nursing staff working in both psychiatric and acute hospitals need training in concepts of MCA 2005, MHA 2007 and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Staffordshire University, Stafford Consultant Old Age Psychiatrist, Shelton Hospital, Shrewsbury Consultant Old age Psychiatrist, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Ginther OJ, Pinaffi FLV, Khan FA, Duarte LF, Beg MA. Circadian influence on the preovulatory LH surge, ovulation, and prolactin concentrations in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 79:528-33. [PMID: 23244766 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel circadian study of the effect of clock hours on the preovulatory LH surge, ovulation, and maximal PRL concentration was done in 13 nontreated Holstein heifers. Hourly blood sampling and hourly ultrasound examinations to detect the hour of ovulation began at 8 and 48 hours, respectively, after CL area (cm(2)) had decreased 15% from the area at 15 days postovulation. The resulting experimental period began at the beginning of postluteolysis (progesterone, <1 ng/mL) and encompassed a mean of 3.5 days until ovulation. The frequency of the peak of the preovulatory LH surge for the three 8-hour periods of a 24-hour day was different (P < 0.02) between 2:00 AM to 9:00 AM (N = 9), 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (N = 3), and 6:00 PM to 1:00 AM (N = 1). The median was 6:00 AM. The frequency of ovulations for 8-hour periods was different (P < 0.02) between 3:00 AM to 10:00 AM (N = 9), 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM (N = 3), and 7:00 PM to 2:00 AM (N = 1). The median was 7:30 AM. Two or three clusters of PRL pulses occurred during the 3.5 days. Based on all available PRL pulse clusters (N = 36), the clock hours of the maximal concentration/cluster was greater (P < 0.0001) for 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM (N = 33 clusters) than for each of the three other 6-hour periods (N = 0, 1, or 2 per period). The median was 11:30 AM. The hypothesis was supported that the peak of the preovulatory LH surge, ovulation, and maximal PRL concentration during pulse clusters occur with greater frequency during certain clock hours in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA.
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Pande M, Das GK, Khan FA, Sarkar M, Prasad JK, Pathak MC, Kumar H. Uterine Infection Influences Size and Follicular Fluid Composition of the Largest Follicle in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:79-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pugliesi G, Khan FA, Hannan MA, Beg MA, Carvalho GR, Ginther OJ. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis during postluteolysis and effects on CL regression, prolactin, and ovulation in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:443-54. [PMID: 22578618 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of postluteolysis (progesterone, <1 ng mL(-1)) in heifers was targeted by using 8 h after ultrasonic detection of a 25% decrease in CL area (cm2) and was designated Hour 0. Flunixin meglumine (FM; n=10) to inhibit PGF2α secretion or vehicle (n=9) were given intramuscularly at Hours 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40. The dose of FM was 2.5 mg/kg at each treatment. Blood sampling and measurement of the CL and dominant follicle were done every 8 h beginning 14 days postovulation in each group. Blood samples for detection of pulses of PRL and pulses of a metabolite of PGF2α (PGFM) were obtained every hour for 24 h beginning at Hour 0. Pulse concentrations of both PGFM and PRL were lower in the FM group than in the vehicle group. Concentration of PRL was greatest at the peak of a PGFM pulse. Neither CL area (cm2) nor progesterone concentration differed between groups during Hours 0 to 48 (postluteolysis). Ovulation occurred in nine of nine heifers in the vehicle group and in three of 10 heifers in the FM group. The anovulatory follicles in the FM group grew to 36.2±2.9 mm, and the wall became thickened from apparent luteinization. The hypothesis that PGF2α was involved in the continued P4 decrease and structural CL regression during postluteolysis was not supported. However, the hypotheses that pulses of PGFM and PRL were temporally related and that systemic FM treatment induced an anovulatory follicle were supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA
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Afshan G, Chohan U, Khan FA, Chaudhry N, Khan ZE, Khan AA. Appropriate length of epidural catheter in the epidural space for postoperative analgesia: evaluation by epidurography. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:913-8. [PMID: 21851342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In current practice, the length of epidural catheter that should be left in the epidural space is not standardised for effective postoperative analgesia. This prospective, randomised, double-blinded study aimed to determine the most appropriate length of epidural catheter that should be inserted into the epidural space for postoperative analgesia. We recruited 102 women and assigned them into three study groups (3, 5 and 7 cm insertion). An epidural catheter was inserted and epidurography was performed. Postoperatively, mean pain scores, motor and sensory levels, and any complications associated with the epidural catheter were recorded. No statistically significant difference for mean postoperative pain score was found at all study timings. Motor and sensory blockade was also statistically insignificant. Unilateral sensory analgesia developed in one patient in the 7 cm group and epidural catheter dislodgement was observed in four patients in the 3 cm group. In order to minimise catheter-related complications for postoperative analgesia, the most appropriate length that an epidural catheter should be left in the epidural space is 5 cm. You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Afshan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Khan FA, Das GK, Pande M, Mir RA, Shankar U. Changes in biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 127:38-42. [PMID: 21840653 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the changes in biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in buffalo. A total of 73 pairs of ovaries collected from 26 reproductively acyclic and 47 reproductively cyclic buffaloes were used in the investigation. Ovarian follicles were classified into small (5.0-6.9 mm), medium (7.0-9.9 mm) and large (≥10.0 mm) sized categories depending upon their diameter. Follicular fluid was aspirated, processed and assayed for glucose, cholesterol, total protein, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Glucose concentration was lesser in reproductively acyclic compared to cyclic buffaloes (19.3 ± 2.59 mg/dl compared to 32.6 ± 2.60 mg/dl; P<0.05), mainly due to difference in concentration between small sized follicles (12.4 ± 2.59 mg/dl compared to 28.0 ± 3.32 mg/dl; P<0.05). Cholesterol concentration was also lesser in reproductively acyclic compared to cyclic buffaloes (32.2 ± 2.14 mg/dl compared to 35.5 ± 2.16 mg/dl; P<0.05) and this was related to the lesser concentration found in large follicles (13.8 ± 3.45 mg/dl compared to 37.2 ± 4.10mg/dl; P<0.001). Total protein and acid phosphatase levels were not affected by either the reproductive cyclicity status or the follicular size (4.9 ± 1.07 g/dl to 6.0 ± 0.28 g/dl and 1.2 ± 0.17 U/dl to 2.5 ± 1.22 U/dl, respectively). An increased alkaline phosphatase activity was, however, observed in reproductively acyclic compared to cyclic buffaloes (27.5 ± 3.08 U/dl compared to 14.0 ± 1.09 U/dl; P<0.0001). In conclusion, results of the present study indicate an alteration in the biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in buffalo. The findings provide further support to the notion that poor nutrition is an important factor triggering reproductive acyclicity in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Abstract
The present short communication puts on record a case of bilateral, multiple follicular cysts in a water buffalo along with a detailed description of its ovarian biometry and follicular fluid composition. The ovarian weight and biometrical parameters were much higher than in normal cycling buffaloes. A total of three follicular cysts were observed, two on the right ovary and one on the left ovary, measuring 4.9, 3.0 and 2.6 cm yielding 21, 9 and 5 ml of follicular fluid, respectively. The cystic fluid was deep yellow in colour with a viscous consistency. The follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, acid phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus and progesterone in all the cysts were within the range reported previously in normal buffalo follicular fluid; however, the alkaline phosphatase concentration in cyst 1 and total bilirubin concentration in cysts 1 and 2 were higher than the values in normal follicular fluid. In contrast, the levels of urea nitrogen in cysts 1 and 3, and oestradiol in cyst 3 were lower than the normal values. All the three follicles had an oestradiol to progesterone ratio less than 1. The results of our study suggest that follicular cysts in buffalo are oestrogenically inactive and have an altered concentration of certain biochemical and hormonal constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
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Nawaz S, Khan FA, Tabasum S, Zakria M, Saeed A, Iqbal MZ. Phylogenetic relationships among Saccharum clones in Pakistan revealed by RAPD markers. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1673-82. [PMID: 20799164 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-3gmr903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forty sugarcane genotypes (clones), including elite lines, commercial cultivars of Saccharum officinarum and S. barberi clones, were fingerprinted with 30 RAPD markers, using a PCR-based marker assay. The genetic distance for RAPD data was determined according to Nei, and relationships between accessions were graphed in a dendrogram. Genetic distance values ranging from 16.2 to 86.3% were observed among the 40 sugarcane accessions. The lowest genetic distance was found between genotypes US-406 and US-186. These two genotypes differed from each other in only 25 bands with 15 different primers. Genotypes Col-54 and CP-72-2086 were the second most similar group, with a genetic distance of 19.46%. The most dissimilar of all the accessions were CP-77-400 and US-133, with a genetic distance of 86.3%. RAPD fingerprints help sugarcane breeders clarify the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of conventional breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nawaz S, Khan FA, Tabasum S, Iqbal MZ, Saeed A. Genetic studies of "noble cane" for identification and exploitation of genetic markers. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1011-22. [PMID: 20533196 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forty genotypes (clones) of sugarcane, including elite lines, commercial cultivars of Saccharum officinarum and clones of S. barberi were fingerprinted with 50 SSR markers using a PCR-based marker assay. Nei's genetic distances for SSR data were determined and relationships between accessions were portrayed graphically in the form of a dendrogram. Genetic distance values ranging from 0.60 to 1.11 were observed among the 40 sugarcane accessions. The shortest genetic distance of 0.60 was seen between genotypes US-804 and US-130. These two genotypes differed from each other only in 10 bands, with 20 primers. The most dissimilar of the accessions were CP-77-400 and US-133, with a genetic distance of 1.11. SSR fingerprints can help sugarcane breeders to clarify the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties and evaluate the efficiency of breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- CABB, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
DNA profiles of 40 sugarcane genotypes were constructed with 30 RAPD markers. Sugarcane genotypes of both Saccharum officinarum and S. barberi were included in this study. Multiple alleles were detected from each RAPD; there was a high level of polymorphism. On average, 7.93 alleles were produced per primer, giving a total of 238 alleles. The genetic distances between these genotypes were assessed with the POPGENE DNA sequence analysis software. A dendrogram was constructed from these data; cultivated species of sugarcane formed clusters with S. barberi genotypes. The 40 genotypes were clustered into two main groups; genetic distances ranged from 20.29 to 64.66%. These RAPD fingerprints will help sugarcane breeders to evaluate the efficiency of current conventional breeding methods and will help characterize the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties. These data will also be valuable for conservation and utilization of the genetic resources in germplasm collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabasum
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Das
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Khan FA, Khan A, Azhar FM, Rauf S. Genetic diversity of Saccharum officinarum accessions in Pakistan as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genet Mol Res 2009; 8:1376-82. [PMID: 19937582 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-4gmr665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity of 20 sugarcane accessions in Pakistan was studied using 21 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The mean genetic distance between the cultivars was 39.03%, demonstrating that a large part of the genome is similar among the accessions. This probably arises from a lack of parental diversity, with few clones, which are themselves related, contributing to the parentage of these varieties. Among the varieties, none was found to be totally distinct and divergent from the others. We conclude that the current Pakistan commercial varieties have a limited genetic base and that there is a need to diversify commercial sugarcane lines in Pakistan by introducing new germplasm sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Lead is a persistent toxic metal and associated with impairment of various body functions in occupational workers. The main objective was to determine the lead-induced oxidative stress and adverse health effects by biochemical markers in industrial workers. One hundred and forty-eight males consisting of 87 lead-exposed industrial workers and 61 controls were included. Blood lead level (BLL) was determined on a 3010B ESA lead analyzer. Blood complete counts were done on a hematology analyzer. Biochemical markers including serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, phosphate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured on a Selectra E auto analyzer. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured spectrophotometrically and C-reactive protein (CRP) on Immulite-1000. Results revealed that lead-exposed workers had significantly high BLLs, median (range), 29.1 (9.0-61.1) microg/dL compared with controls, 8.3 (1.0-21.7) microg/dL. Oxidative stress (MDA, GGT) and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity CRP) were significantly increased (P < or = 0.05). Blood pressure was raised, whereas hemoglobin was decreased in exposed group (P < or = 0.002). Serum urea, uric acid, phosphate, and ALT were significantly raised in lead-exposed workers (P < or = 0.001). Serum albumin, total proteins, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were decreased. Blood lead showed a significant positive correlation with serum GGT (r = 0.63), MDA (r = 0.71), CRP (r = 0.75), urea (r = 0.34), creatinine (r = 0.51), and uric acid (r = 0.29) (P < or = 0.01). It is concluded that lead exposure increases oxidative stress that correlates with adverse changes in hematological, renal, and hepatic function in the occupational workers. Elevated blood lead has positive correlation with oxidative stress, inflammatory and biochemical markers that might be used to detect impairment in the body function in lead exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Khan
- Department of Pathology Army Medical College, National University Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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