[Surgical treatment of patients with chest malignancies in anti-tuberculosis hospital]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with malignancies of lungs, pleura and chest wall in early and long-term follow-up period in anti-tuberculosis hospital.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

There were 2139 patients between 2016 and 2020. Chest tumors were diagnosed in 290 (13.6%) patients and 210 (94.2%) ones underwent surgery.

RESULTS

Surgical interventions are rare in patients with lung cancer and active tuberculosis (0.7%, n=15). Lobectomies prevailed (73.3%). All sublobar resections were performed in elderly patients with severe comorbidities and low functional reserves. Postoperative complications occurred in 9% of cases. Overall 3-year survival rate was 84.8%, overall 5-year survival rate - 70.8%. Overall survival of patients with lung cancer and tuberculosis does not depend on activity of specific process.

CONCLUSION

The TRA test used in differential diagnostics of tuberculosis and lung cancer has a mediating value. Lung cancer surgery in patients with active tuberculosis has no negative effect on effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment. Surgical treatment of malignancies in anti-tuberculosis hospital can be performed in accordance with standards of specialized medical care in oncology.

The effects of early postoperative immunization with xenogeneic embryo proteins on Lewis lung carcinoma model

AIM

To investigate the effect of chicken embryo proteins (CEP) as a prototype of xenogeneic vaccine on immune reactions in mice immunized after Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) surgical removal.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

C57Bl male mice were immunized on days 1, 8, and 15 after surgical removal of LLC. The immune response was assessed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after tumor resection. Cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes as well as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity was estimated in MTT-assay; specific antibodies were detected in ELISA; lymphocyte proliferation was tested in reaction of in vitro blast transformation.

RESULTS

None of the immunized mice developed LLC metastases. Immunization with CEP seems to prevent the potential decrease in NK cell cytotoxic activity and spontaneous blast transformation activity of lymphocytes following the surgically induced stress. Further research on improving immunization schedule and elucidating the mechanisms of NK modulation with CEP is needed.

Cytotoxic activity of immune cells following administration of xenogeneic cancer vaccine in mice with melanoma B-16

AIM

To study the effects of xenogeneic cancer vaccine (XCV) developed on the basis of nervous tissue antigen from rat embryo of late gestation period and protein-containing metabolite of Bacillus subtilis with molecular weight of 70 kDa, on specific and unspecific antitumor reactions of cellular and humoral chains of immune system, and to analyze possible mechanisms of its antimetastatic action.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

XCV was administered triply with 3-day intervals after surgical removal of experimental melanoma В-16 in C57Bl/6 mice. Cytotoxic activity (CTA) of splenocytes against target cells К-562 as well as CTA of splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages (PM) and blood serum against melanoma В-16 target cells were determined using МТТ test. The content of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in blood serum was evaluated by precipitation reaction.

RESULTS

Immunologic effects of XCV vaccination in experimental animals with surgically removed melanoma B-16 in comparison with similarly treated unvaccinated mice were as follows: prevention of medium molecular weight CIC accumulation in blood serum during all observation period, significant increase (р < 0.05) of CTA of effectors of unspecific antitumor immunity (natural killer cells - NK - by 25.5 ± 1.7 vs 12.5 ± 5.4%, and PM - by 37.3 ± 0.6 vs 32.0 ± 0.9%, respectively) at 37(th) day after the surgery, and also preservation of functional activity of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes at the level of intact control.

CONCLUSION

The results of the study allow propose that antimetastatic effect of XCV vaccination could be based on increased CTA of NK and PM, and preservation of CTL functional activity at late terms after surgical removal of B-16 primary tumors.

[IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF NEW GALACTOSE-CONTAING POLYSACCHARIDES]

The immunomodulatory properties of perspective prebiotics--beta-galactose-containing--polysaccharides arabinogalactan, arabinogalactan with flavonoids, carrageenan, galaktomannan have been studied. It was established that oral administration of the studied beta-polysaccharides to experimental animals leads to a significant activation of immune cells and the synthesis of humoral factors in their organism which significantly increases the cytotoxic activity of blood serum. The most pronounced immunomodulatory effect exhibits arabinogalactan with flavonoids and carrageenan.

Use of xenogeneic vaccine modified with embryonal nervous tissue antigens in the treatment of B16-melanoma-bearing mice

The aim of the work was experimental study of anticancer efficacy of xenogeneic cancer vaccine (XCV) developed on the basis of rat embryonic nervous tissue and protein-containing metabolite of Bacillus subtilis В-7015 (70 kDa), in В-16 melanoma-bearing С57Bl/6 mice.

METHODS

Immunological methods and methods of experimental oncology were used. Effects of XCV on primary and secondary organs of immune system of experimental animals, its anticancer and antimetastatic efficacy were evaluated.

RESULTS

It has been shown that XCV did not induced toxic effects on organism, and did not caused inflammatory reactions. The relation between the degree of XCV anticancer efficacy with the regimen of its use and the presence of primary tumor has been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that the developed XCV possesses significant antimetastatic activity if it is used after surgical removal of the primary tumor: in this case lung metastasis inhibition index reached 97.4%.

CONCLUSION

High immunogenecity of new XCV creates perspectives for detailed study of its mechanisms of action.

[Corrective action of bacillary probiotic on the immune system of animals in experimential dysbacteriosis]

Is established that at intestinal dysbacteriosis in the organism of experimental animals develop reactions of inflammatory type (early and late), leading to an accumulation in the blood serum of humoral immunity factors, blocking reactions mediated by lymphocytes ormacrophages, while maintaining their cytotoxic activity. Introduction of animals of tne probiotic endosporin promotes restoration of quantitative and qualitative indicators of intestinal microbiocenosis and the normalization of the immune system.

The influence of sodium dichloroacetate on the oxidative processes in sarcoma 37

AIM

to study the activity of antioxidant enzymes and to evaluate an intensity of prooxidant processes in sarcoma 37 (S37) cells during tumor development and under influence of sodium dichloroacetate (SDA).

METHODS

Activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD isoforms, catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP) secondary byproducts were determined in S37 homogenated tissues of untreated mice and animals treated with SDA at daily dose of 86 mg/kg.

RESULTS

SDA treatment of S37-bearing mice resulted in the reduced activities of total SOD, SOD isoforms (especially Mn-SOD), Cat, GP and significantly decreased GSH content on the background of LP intensification in tumor tissue.

CONCLUSION

The observed changes of oxidative homeostasis in S37-bearing animals treated with SDA could be considered as an element of antitumor action of SDA.

[Effect of Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum on lectin activity of sugar beet calluses]

The dynamics of lectin activity of sugar beet calluses infected by mollicute Acholeplasma laidlawii var granulum str. 118 was studied. Activity of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet cell cultures increased 4.5 times during some first hours after infecting by acholeplasma. At early stages of infecting by mollicute qualitative changes were also revealed in the protein spectra of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet calluses.

Elevation of efficacy of cancer vaccine combined with interferon and inducer of endogeneous interferon synthesis amixin

AIM

To study in vivo efficacy of combined administration of cancer vaccine (CV), interferon (IFN) and inducer of endogenous IFN - amixin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sarcoma-37 cells were transplanted to female Balb/c mice. For the treatment, CV prepared from sarcoma-37 cells with the use of cytotoxic lectines from B. subtilis B-7025, murine IFN and amixin or their combinations were used. IFN production, content of circulating immune complexes and level of specific IgG antibodies in blood serum were determined by standard immunologic methods.

RESULTS

Using solid form of sarcoma-37 it has been shown that introduction of IFN and amixin significantly elevated efficacy of vaccine therapy, in particular index of tumor growth inhibition reach 89.2% and 81.7%. Upon combined use of CV and IFN or CV and amixin (25 mg/kg) respectively. Significant prolongation of average life span of the animals treated with CV and IFN or CV and amixin (25 mg/kg) has been registered (up to 92.7 -/+ 10.4 and 95.0 -/+ 6.2 days respectively, vs 46.8 -/+ 1.5 days for control animals).

CONCLUSION

Obtained results have shown expediency of the development of schemes for combined introduction of CV with exogenous IFN, and with inducer of endogenous IFN (amixin) for elevation of efficacy of vaccine therapy.

[Results of surgical treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]

The results of examination and treatment were analyzed in 647 patients operated on for pulmonary tuberculoma (PT) in 1990-2004. A pathological lung process was revealed in 47.0 +/- 0.3% cases on referral and in 53.0 +/- 0.3% at prophylactic fluorography. There were 157 (24.3 +/- 0.2%) bacteria-isolating patients; of them 39 (24.8 +/- 0.4%) had drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With changes being revealed in the lung, the clinical diagnosis of PT was initially diagnosed in 161 (24.9 +/- 0.2%) patients. Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in most cases (353 patients or 54.6 +/- 0.3%) and transformation of the process to a tuberculoma was noted during further treatment. A total of 647 patients underwent 653 operations. The absolute majority of operations (n = 546 or 83.6 +/- 0.4%) was represented by partial (or economic) lung resections. On pathohistological study, single and multiple tuberculomas were diagnosed in 364 (55.7 +/- 0.3%) and 289 (44.3 +/- 0.3%) patients, respectively. The tuberculomas were in the phase of decay and contamination in 425 (65.1 +/- 65.1 +/- 0.3%) and 311 (47.6 +/- 0.3%) patients, respectively. Postoperative complications were recorded in 36 (5.5 +/- 0.1%) patients. The efficiency of surgical treatment was 99.7% (0.15 +/- 0.02% mortality) and 92.1% in the immediate and postoperative periods, respectively.

[Mycobacterial antigens and tuberculosis antibodies in the blood and pleural exudate of patients with tuberculous pleurisy]

To enhance the efficiency of treating tuberculous pleurisy, a complex of therapeutical measures was supplemented by the immunomodulator licopid in 51 patients. The control group included 52 patients with pleurisy who received the same treatment regimen without licopid. Comparing the outcomes of treatment has revealed that licopid reduced the time of treatment, promotes the substantial diminution of antigenemia and the production of tuberculosis antigens, improves cell immunity and natural resistance.