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Gilliaux G, Desmecht D. Gammaherpesvirus Alters Alveolar Macrophages According to the Host Genetic Background and Promotes Beneficial Inflammatory Control over Pneumovirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010098. [PMID: 35062301 PMCID: PMC8777918 DOI: 10.3390/v14010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection brings a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, from a mild cold to severe bronchiolitis or even acute interstitial pneumonia. Among the known factors influencing this clinical diversity, genetic background has often been mentioned. In parallel, recent evidence has also pointed out that an early infectious experience affects heterologous infections severity. Here, we analyzed the importance of these two host-related factors in shaping the immune response in pneumoviral disease. We show that a prior gammaherpesvirus infection improves, in a genetic background-dependent manner, the immune system response against a subsequent lethal dose of pneumovirus primary infection notably by inducing a systematic expansion of the CD8+ bystander cell pool and by modifying the resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) phenotype to induce immediate cyto/chemokinic responses upon pneumovirus exposure, thereby drastically attenuating the host inflammatory response without affecting viral replication. Moreover, we show that these AMs present similar rapid and increased production of neutrophil chemokines both in front of pneumoviral or bacterial challenge, confirming recent studies attributing a critical antibacterial role of primed AMs. These results corroborate other recent studies suggesting that the innate immunity cells are themselves capable of memory, a capacity hitherto reserved for acquired immunity.
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Gilliaux G, Garigliany M, Licoppe A, Paternostre J, Lesenfants C, Linden A, Desmecht D. Covers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gilliaux G, Garigliany M, Licoppe A, Paternostre J, Lesenfants C, Linden A, Desmecht D. Newly emerged African swine fever virus strain Belgium/Etalle/wb/2018: Complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis with reference p72 genotype II strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2566-2591. [PMID: 31332955 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a new example of pathogens hopscotching the globe, African swine fever virus hit north-western Europe's wildlife in summer 2018, marking a further spread of a disease that had invaded Central and Eastern Europe recently. The complete genomic sequence of the Belgium/Etalle/wb/2018 virus is reported, with the hope it will provide a valuable tool for tracing geographical spread and biologic evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Gilliaux
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Licoppe
- Natural and Agricultural Environment Studies Department, Public Service of Wallonia, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julien Paternostre
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lesenfants
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Linden
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Linden A, Gilliaux G, Paternostre J, Benzarti E, Rivas JF, Desmecht D, Garigliany M. A novel parvovirus, Roe deer copiparvovirus, identified in Ixodes ricinus ticks. Virus Genes 2019; 55:425-428. [PMID: 30945175 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The family Parvoviridae contains diverse viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. In this study, metagenomic sequencing of Ixodes ricinus ticks harvested in 2016 on red deer (Cervus elaphus) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Belgium detected a new 6296-bp parvoviral genome. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed the new virus belongs to a new species within the Copiparvovirus genus. PCR screening of 4 pools of 10 serum samples from both deer species identified the new copiparvovirus DNA only in roe deer sera. Together, these results are the first evidence of a copiparvovirus in a deer species. Besides its potential pathogenicity to roe deers, the detection of this new virus in ticks raises questions about the possible transmission of parvoviruses by ticks. This report further increases the current knowledge on the evolution and diversity of copiparvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Linden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gautier Gilliaux
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Paternostre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emna Benzarti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jose Felipe Rivas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Garigliany M, Taminiau B, El Agrebi N, Cadar D, Gilliaux G, Hue M, Desmecht D, Daube G, Linden A, Farnir F, De Proft M, Saegerman C. Moku Virus in Invasive Asian Hornets, Belgium, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2109-2112. [PMID: 29148384 PMCID: PMC5708231 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.171080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the detection of Moku virus in invasive Asian hornets (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Belgium. This constitutes an unexpected report of this iflavirus outside Hawaii, USA, where it was recently described in social wasps. Although virulence of Moku virus is unknown, its potential spread raises concern for European honeybee populations.
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Garigliany M, Gilliaux G, Jolly S, Casanova T, Bayrou C, Gommeren K, Fett T, Mauroy A, Lévy E, Cassart D, Peeters D, Poncelet L, Desmecht D. Feline panleukopenia virus in cerebral neurons of young and adult cats. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:28. [PMID: 26895627 PMCID: PMC4759964 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal infections with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) have long been known to be associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens due to productive infection of dividing neuroblasts. FPV, like other parvoviruses, requires dividing cells to replicate which explains the usual tropism of the virus for the digestive tract, lymphoid tissues and bone marrow in older animals. Results In this study, the necropsy and histopathological analyses of a series of 28 cats which died from parvovirus infection in 2013 were performed. Infections were confirmed by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry in several organs. Strikingly, while none of these cats showed cerebellar atrophy or cerebellar positive immunostaining, some of them, including one adult, showed a bright positive immunostaining for viral antigens in cerebral neurons (diencephalon). Furthermore, infected neurons were negative by immunostaining for p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory protein, while neighboring, uninfected, neurons were positive, suggesting a possible re-entry of infected neurons into the mitotic cycle. Next-Generation Sequencing and PCR analyses showed that the virus infecting cat brains was FPV and presented a unique substitution in NS1 protein sequence. Given the role played by this protein in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis in other parvoviral species, it is tempting to hypothesize that a cause-to-effect between this NS1 mutation and the capacity of this FPV strain to infect neurons in adult cats might exist. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of infection of cerebral neurons by feline panleukopenia virus in cats, including an adult. A possible re-entry into the cell cycle by infected neurons has been observed. A mutation in the NS1 protein sequence of the FPV strain involved could be related to its unusual cellular tropism. Further research is needed to clarify this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutien Garigliany
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gautier Gilliaux
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Jolly
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Tomas Casanova
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Kris Gommeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Fett
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Etienne Lévy
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Cassart
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Luc Poncelet
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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