Level of adherence to option B+ program and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Despite policy initiatives and strategic measures highly focused on preventing mother-to-child transmission through the implementation of the Option B+ program, adherence to the treatment is still challenging. The level of adherence and determinants of Option B+ program utilization reported by different studies were highly inconsistent in Ethiopia. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adherence to the Option B+ program and its predictors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia.

METHODS

PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched for published articles from March 2010 to March 2022. The pooled prevalence of adherence was estimated using a weighted DerSimonian-Laird random effect model. The I2 statistics was used to identify the degree of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test.

RESULTS

A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled estimate of the option B+ program among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was 81.58% (95% CI: 77.33-85.84). Getting social and financial support (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.12, 6.58), disclosure of HIV status to partners (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.41), time to reach a health facility (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.67), receiving counseling on drug side effects (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.74, 6.11), experience of drug side effects (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.36), and knowledge (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.51) were significantly associated with adherence to the Option B+ program.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis showed that the level of adherence to the Option B+ program in Ethiopia is lower than the 95% level of adherence planned to be achieved in 2020. Social and financial support, disclosure of HIV status, time to reach the health facility, counseling, drug side effects, and knowledge of PMTCT were significantly associated with option B+ adherence. The findings of this meta-analysis highlight that governmental, non-governmental, and other stakeholders need to design an effective strategy to scale up the level of disclosing one's own HIV status, access health facilities, improve knowledge of PMTCT, and counsel the potential side effects of Option B+ drugs, and advocate the program to reduce the multidimensional burden of HIV/AIDS.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Prospero registration: CRD42022320947. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022320947.

Level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on modern contraceptive method and its associated factors among housemaids living in Debre Tabor town, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Contraception is widely recognized as an effective technique for avoiding unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Promoting contemporary contraceptive methods would minimize the number of unplanned pregnancies and the high number of maternal fatalities connected with unsafe abortions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods and its associated factors among housemaid residents of Debre Tabor Town, northwest Ethiopia: METHODS: A structured questionnaire supplemented with face-to-face interviews was used to conduct a community-based cross-sectional study with 423 housemaids' women of reproductive age in Debre Tabor City. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, binary analysis, and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

A 12.8% of respondents in this study used modern contraceptive methods. A 44.68% of study participants had good knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and 36.40% had a positive attitude towards them. Housemaids' older age, urban location, educational status, work experience, and family situation were found to be positive predictors of a good understanding of current contraceptive techniques. Housemaids' older age, urban residence, educational level, work experience, family situation, and first sex before now are all positive predictors of a positive attitude and good practices.

CONCLUSIONS

Housemaids' knowledge, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods were influenced by a variety of socio-demographic factors. As a result, housemaids should be educated about modern contraceptive methods by the health sector and other stakeholders to improve their knowledge, attitude, and practices.

In vivo antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) leaves

Background

Even though numerous conventional anti-diarrheal agents are available, the inherent toxicities of the drugs urge the search for alternative drugs that are safe and effective.

Objective

To evaluate the in-vivo anti-diarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides leaves.

Materials and methods

The Rhamnus prinoides leaves were macerated using absolute methanol and then fractionated using solvents of different polarity indexes. For in-vivo antidiarrheal activity evaluation of the crude extract and solvent fraction, castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced anti-enteropolling, and intestinal transit models were used. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, followed by a Tukey post-test. The standard and negative control groups were treated with loperamide and 2% tween 80 respectively.

Results

A significant (p˂0.01) reduction in the frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea, intestinal motility, intestinal fluid accumulation, and delaying the onset of diarrhea as compared with controls were observed in mice treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg methanol crude extract. However the effect increased dose-dependently, and the 400 mg/kg methanol crude extract produced a comparable effect with the standard drug in all models. Amongst the solvent fractions, n-BF significantly delayed the time of diarrheal onset and reduced the frequency of defecation, and intestinal motility at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Furthermore, the maximum percentage inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation was observed in mice treated with 400 mg/kg n-butanol extract (p˂0.01; 61.05%).

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides leaves showed a significant anti-diarrheal activity which supports its traditional use as a diarrhea treatment.

Female adolescents' knowledge and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and associated factors among female adolescent students in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia, 2021.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study was done from 9 December 2020 to 28 February 2021.

ANALYSIS

The data were entered into EpiData V.4.2 and analysed with SPSS V.23 software. The OR, 95% CI and p<0.05 were used to determine the bivariable and multivariable statistical association.

SETTING

Three high schools (grades 9 and 10) and six primary schools (grades 7 and 8) were included in the study.

PARTICIPANTS

Adolescent female students in Debre Tabor Town.

RESULTS

The overall knowledge score in the questionnaire was six, and it was divided into two groups based on scoring level: poor (score <3) and good (score ≥3). More than half respondents (59.2%) scored good knowledge. The proportion of acceptability of the HPV vaccine was 61.9%. Age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.88), and having a source of information (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.22) were significantly associated with the knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Place of birth (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.95), fathers' educational status (AOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.65), having a source of information (AOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.32) and knowledge about the HPV vaccine (AOR 6.41, 95% CI 3.45 to 11.90) were significantly associated with the acceptance of the female adolescent HPV vaccine.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the knowledge and acceptability of students of the HPV vaccine were low. Health authorities, through the mass media, should strengthen HPV vaccine promotion in schools, religious institutions and health facilities.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia in 2021: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Introduction

Worldwide, hesitancy to be immunized against SARS-CoV-2 is the most common barrier to reducing COVID-19 incidence. Our study investigated determinants for hesitancy and will be helpful to community mobilizers, health professionals and policymakers.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and determinants of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination among patients attending public hospitals in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

A multicenter facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 November to 30 December 2021 to assess the prevalence and determinants of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression methods were employed using SPSS 23. Significance level was examined using an odds ratio at 95% CI. Multi-collinearity and model fitness were also checked.

Results

A total of 415 participants were included in the study, with a questionnaire response rate of 100%. The prevalence of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination was 46.02%. Age of >49 years, rural residency, fear of the adverse effects of the vaccines, myths about vaccine ineffectiveness and poor practices in COVID-19 prevention were the most common determinants of hesitancy.

Conclusions

Despite increased global morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy is still high. Therefore, it is important to create awareness in highly hesitant groups.

Incidence, time to occurrence and predictors of peripheral intravenous cannula-related complications among neonates and infants in Northwest Ethiopia: an institutional-based prospective study

BACKGROUND

Peripheral intravenous cannulas (PIVC) are venous access devices commonly used for the administration of intravenous fluids, drugs, blood products, and parenteral nutrition. Despite its frequent use, it has complications that can seriously threaten patient safety, prolong hospital stays, and increases medical care costs. PIVC complications are associated with increased morbidity and reinsertion attempts are painful and anxiety-provoking for children and their parents. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the incidence, time to occurrence and identify predictors for PIVC complications among infants admitted to Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DTCSH), Northwest Ethiopia.

METHODS AND SETTING

An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 358 infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and pediatric ward, DTCSH from January 1 to April 30, 2022. A systematic sampling technique was employed.

RESULTS

The incidence rate of PIVC complication was 11.6 per 1000 person-hours observation. PIVC complication was observed in 56.4% (202) of PIVCs, of which infiltration (42.1%) was the most common complication followed by phlebitis (29.7%). The median time to complication was 46 h. Anatomical insertion site (AHR = 2.85, 95%CI: 1.63-6.27), admission unit (AHR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.07-4.02), sickness (AHR = 0.24, 95% CI: 1.31-4.66), medication type (AHR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.13-3.66), blood transfusion (AHR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.02-0.99), clinical experience (AHR = 0.52, CI:0.26-0.84), and flushing (AHR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.34-0.98) were potential predictors of PIVC complication.

CONCLUSION

Knowing the predictor factors helps clinicians to provide effective care and to detect complications early.

Delay in reaching health facilities and its associated factors among mothers giving birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A facility-based cross-sectional study

Background

Delays in reaching health facilities are one of three models identified as major contributors to maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, little is known about the prevalence and associated factors of delays in reaching healthcare facilities in Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of delays in reaching health facilities and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used from 28 November to 25 December 2020, with 417 mothers who had recently given birth participating in the study, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaires. The EpiData software (version 3.1) was used to record collected data and then exported to SPSS (version 23) for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted, and the odds ratio with 95% CI was used to identify factors associated with delays in reaching health facilities. The statistical significance was declared at p < .05.

Results

The prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals were 50.6%. Mothers who had no antenatal care (ANC) visits [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.52, 6.56], an unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.72), and a distance from home to a health facility greater than 5 km (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.65) were positively associated with delays in reaching health facilities.

Conclusions

The prevalence of delays in reaching health facilities was higher in the study area. Women's empowerment through health education about ANC follow-up, choice of family planning methods, and creating accessibility to health facilities are essential measures to minimize delays in reaching health facilities.

Evaluation of In Vivo Wound-Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Solvent Fractions of Fruits of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae)

INTRODUCTION

The solvent fractions of the fruits of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) have not yet been explored scientifically for in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the solvent fractions of the fruit of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) in rats.

METHOD

The crude extract of Argemone mexicana was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. Wound healing activity was evaluated using excision and incision wound models while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments using moist-exposed burn ointment as the standard drug, and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg test doses using aspirin, and dexamethasone as standard drugs for wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. All treatment administrations were made orally for anti-inflammatory activity and applied topically for wound healing activity.

RESULT

The 10% w/w ethyl acetate fraction ointment showed a significant percentage of wound contraction, reduced period of epithelialization, increased amount of fibrosis, neovascularization, and collagen tissue formation (p < 0.01). The ethyl acetate fraction also showed a significant increase in tensile strength (55%; p < 0.01) and (81.10%; p < 0.01) at the tested doses of 5 and 10% w/w ointments, which was comparable to moist-exposed burn ointment. The ethyl acetate fraction also revealed a significant percent edema inhibition (61.41%; p < 0.01), suppression of the exudate (38.09% p < 0.01), and granuloma mass formations (53.47% p < 0.01) at the tested dose of 400 mg/kg.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study showed that the Ethyl acetate fraction of Argemone mexicana fruit has significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities which support the traditional claims of the experimental plant.

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Tabor public health institutions: A cross-sectional study

Background

Vaccination is the best means of reducing the increased risk of severe COVID-19 during pregnancy. Data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Ethiopia is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women.

Method

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Tabor public health institutions from March 14 to 30, 2022. Participants were recruited using a multistage sampling technique and data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Stata version 16.0 software was used for data analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with a p-value&lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Result

Only 14.4% (95% CI: 11.7%-17.3%) of participants had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The main reasons for declining vaccination were fear that the COVID-19 vaccine may have harmful side effects on the fetus or the mother. Being 45 or older (AOR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.01–2.95), being married (AOR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12, 2.96), having good knowledge (AOR:3.52, 95%CI:1.83–3.87), and a positive attitude (AOR:4.81, 95% CI: 1.42–7.33) were positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. But attaining a college or university education (AOR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.12–0.69) was found to be a barrier to vaccine uptake by pregnant women.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women was substantially low. Old age, being married, low education, good knowledge, and a positive attitude were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. To enhance the COVID-19 vaccine uptake, the government should improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women toward the COVID-19 vaccine.

Levels and Determinants of Prenatal Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention Among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northwest Ethiopia

Background

Pregnant women are a critical part of the community to assess various determinants of their future breastfeeding practice. This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and intention among pregnant women.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women from January 18 to February 27, 2022, at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DTCSH) in Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews from participants selected by convenience sampling technique. Data analysis was made using Stata version 16.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the determinants of the knowledge, attitude, and intention of pregnant women, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Result

About 57.8% of participants had adequate breastfeeding knowledge and only 46.9% had a positive attitude. Almost two-thirds (65.4%) of them had good intentions to breastfeed. Pregnant women attaining secondary education (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.19), achieving college or university education (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.63, 7.41), being multiparous (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.43), having four or more ANC visits (AOR:1.45; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.31), and having prior breastfeeding experience (AOR: 3.53; 95% CI: 2.22, 5.65) were significant predictors of adequate knowledge. Attending college or university education (AOR = 2.71;95% CI: 2.33, 5.13), being multiparous (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.32, 8.25), and having adequate knowledge (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.88,7.14) were determinants of a positive breastfeeding attitude. Whereas, advanced age (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.59), adequate knowledge (AOR: 5.21; 95% CI: 1.51,8.04), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.41;95% CI:1.50, 4.27) were independent predictors of good breastfeeding intention.

Conclusion

The breastfeeding knowledge and attitude of pregnant women were generally suboptimal. Their overall breastfeeding intention was also unsatisfactory. This highlights the need to develop culture-specific interventions aimed at improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and intention to enhance the appropriate breastfeeding practice of their future children.

Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Solvent Leave Extracts of Carissa spinarum

Background

Among many traditionally used medicinal plants, Carissa spinarum (Agam) is a well-known indigenous plant in Ethiopia. It is used in its raw form to treat different diseases in different parts of the country. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate extraction, isolation, and determination of the antibacterial properties of the solvent leaf extract of Carissa spinarum.

Methods

In this study, 800 g of powdered leaves of Carissa spinarum were macerated with 2500 mL of methanol and yielded 58 g (7.25%, w/w) of gummy material. The extract was then further partitioned by using ethyl acetate and chloroform. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening test. The antibacterial activity of the three solvent leaf extracts of Carissa spinarum were evaluated using disc diffusion method. The methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography silica gel (60-200 mesh) by mixing methanol:petroleum ether (4:1). Then fractions were collected and investigated by TLC and finally identified using spectroscopy.

Results

The three extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) of Carissa spinarum were presented to antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against four bacterial species using gentamycin and ampicillin discs as positive controls and DMSO as a negative control. All extracts had a relatively antibacterial effect with different extent zones of inhibition. However, the methanol extract showed superior antibacterial activity compared with DMSO and ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. These could due to variation of the phytoconstituents. The most probable structure of the compound isolated was 5-(2',3',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-5'-methoxycyclohexyloxy)-2,3,4 trihydroxypentanoic acid.

Conclusion

Data obtained from this study collectively indicated that the three solvent extracts of Carissa spinarum have a promising antimicrobial activity which supports the traditional claim of the plant for treatment of infection.

Delay in making decision to seek care on institutional delivery and associated factors among postpartum mothers in South Gondar zone hospitals, 2020: A cross-sectional study

Background

Delay in seeking emergency obstetric care contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. One of the major factors contributing to maternal death in developing countries is a delay in seeking emergency obstetric care. This study aimed to assess the proportion and associated factors of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care on institutional delivery among postpartum mothers in the South Gondar zone hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September to October 2020. A total of 650 postpartum mothers were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. We collected the data through personal interviews with pretested semi-structured questionnaires. We used a logistic regression model to identify statistically significant independent variables, and entered the independent variables into multivariable logistic regression. The Adjusted Odds Ratio was used to identify associated variables with delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care, with a 95% confidence interval at P-value < 0.05.

Results

The proportion of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care on institutional delivery was 36.3% (95% CI: 32.6–40.1). The mean age of the respondents was 27.23, with a standard deviation of 5.67. Mothers who reside in rural areas (AOR = 3.14,95%, CI:2.40–4.01), uneducated mothers (AOR = 3.62, 95%, CI:2.45–5.52), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.84–7.96), and no health facilities in Kebele (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43–6.32) were significantly associated with delay in a decision to seek emergency obstetric care.

Conclusion

The proportion of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care was 36.3% among postpartum mothers in the South Gondar zone hospitals. One of the factors contributing to maternal death is a delay in seeking emergency obstetric care in South Gondar zone. Pregnant mothers living in the rural area, unplanned pregnancy, uneducated mothers, no health facilities in Kebele were associated factors in the study area. Therefore, stakeholders must address them to reduce the proportion of delay in deciding to receive on-time obstetric care as per the standards.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of women's satisfaction with skilled delivery care and the associated factors in Ethiopia

Evidence of variation in maternity health service practices has increased the government's interest in quantifying and advancing the quality of institutional delivery care in the developing world, including Ethiopia. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to update and provide more representative data on women's satisfaction with skilled delivery care and the associated factors in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items 2015 guideline. We searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases for all 36 included studies. The pooled prevalence of women's satisfaction with skilled delivery care and the associated factors were estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Furthermore, publication bias was checked using eggers and funnel plots. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. The pooled prevalence of women's satisfaction with skilled delivery care was 67.31 with 95% confidence interval (60.18-74.44). Wanted pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86, 95% confidence interval: (2.24-3.64)), having a plan to deliver at a health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 2.09, 95% confidence interval: (1.42-3.09)), access to ambulance service (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval: (1.00-2.31)), waiting time < 15 min (adjusted odds ratio = 3.66, 95% confidence interval: (2.51-5.33)), privacy assured (adjusted odds ratio = 3.94, 95% confidence interval: (2.23-6.94)), short duration of labour < 12 hr (adjusted odds ratio = 2.55, 95% confidence interval: (1.58-4.12)), proper labour pain management (adjusted odds ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval: (1.46-6.22)), and normal newborn outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 3.94, 95% confidence interval: (2.17-7.15)) were associated with women's satisfaction. Almost two-thirds of women were satisfied with skilled delivery care. In comparison, the remaining one-third were not satisfied with the care. The quality of intrapartum care, unwanted pregnancy, lack of ambulance services, prolonged duration of labour, poor labour pain management, and complicated newborn outcome were factors affecting women's satisfaction with skilled delivery care in Ethiopia. Therefore, strategies need to be developed to increase the satisfaction level by considering the abovementioned factors during routine delivery care.

Prevalence of HIV infection and associated factors among infants born to HIV-positive mothers in health institutions, northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Background:

Mother-to-child transmission of the HIV remains the main source of HIV infection in children. Targeting pregnant women attending antenatal care follow-up provides a unique opportunity for implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs against HIV infection in newborn babies.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV infection and associated factors among infants born to HIV-positive mothers in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission clinic in the Gondar city health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods:

Documents were reviewed at the facility. Infants who had been exposed to HIV were enrolled in the study from 1 May–20 June 2021 prevention of mother-to-child transmission service in Gondar health institutions. To collect data from the charts, a structured data extraction tool was developed. The data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 25 software. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with HIV infection. The crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated to determine the significance level.

Result:

The prevalence of HIV infection among infants born to HIV-positive mothers at the prevention of mother-to-child transmission level was found to be 8.1% (95% confidence interval = 7.3–12.9). Mixed infant feeding practice (adjusted odds ratio = 5.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.82–14.56), mothers’ lack of education (adjusted odds ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval = 2.26–5.0), absence of antenatal care follow-up (adjusted odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–4.02), and home delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 2.10–7.45) were statistically significantly associated with infants’ HIV infection.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV-positive mothers was found to be high. Significant factors include mixed infant feeding practice, mothers’ lack of education, antenatal care follow-up, and home delivery. We also proposed that skilled delivery care and community education could reduce HIV transmission from mother to child.

Prevalence and determinants of the involvement of married men in family planning services in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:

Male involvement in family planning includes not only using contraceptives but also encouraging and supporting their partners’ contraception needs and choices, encouraging peers to use family planning, and influencing policy to make male-related programs more conducive. In Ethiopia, the prevalence and associated factors of male involvement in family planning were highly inconsistent across studies. As a result, the goal of this study was to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods:

Electronic literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were performed without time restriction to identify the primary studies. Data were extracted using a pretested standardized data extraction format and analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement.

Results:

A total of 17 studies were included to give the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning in Ethiopia, which was 39.66% (95% confidence interval = 29.86, 49.45). Educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.26, 3.14), discussion of family planning with wife (adjusted odds ratio = 4.15, 95% confidence interval = 2.21, 7.80), knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.26, 2.64), positive attitude about family planning (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.70, 3.90), and approval of contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.70, 3.90) were found to be significantly associated with involvement of men in family planning service.

Conclusion:

The overall prevalence of male involvement in family planning in Ethiopia was significantly low. Male involvement in family planning should be made available, accessible, and advocated for by government and non-governmental organizations, service providers, program planners, and stakeholders. In addition, to increase the role of men in the use of family planning services, a conducive environment for education, behavioral change, and open discussion about reproductive health issues is required.

Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device use and its associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The intrauterine contraceptive device, a type of long-acting reversible contraception, is one of the most effective and safe contraceptive methods. In Ethiopia, intrauterine contraceptive device is little known and practised to delay pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to assess post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device utilisation and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia.

METHOD

In the current meta-analysis, variables were searched from different electronic database systems, including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Data were extracted using a standardised data collection measurement tool. The data were also analysed by using STATA 16 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was used to forecast the pooled utilisation of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device.

RESULTS

Twelve full-article studies were included. The pooled prevalence of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device among women in Ethiopia was 21.63%. Occupation (OR = 4.44, 95% CI, 2.24-8.81), educational level of college and above (OR = 5.93, 95% CI, 2.55-13.8), antenatal care (OR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.4-3.12), age (OR = 4.8, 95% CI, 2.3-10.04), good knowledge (OR = 4.16, 95% CI, 1.65-10.49), counseling (OR = 3.05, 95%CI, 1.41-6.63), husband support (OR = 11.48, 95% CI, 6.05-21.79) and awareness about IUCD (OR = 3.86, 95% CI, 1.46-10.2) were positively associated with utilization of postpartum intrauterine contraception device.

CONCLUSIONS

Utilisation of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device was significantly low. Scaling up women's educational status and ANC use has paramount importance in increasing post-partum IUD use, which further improves maternal and child health in general. This finding may be useful in both reproductive health promotion at an individual level and policy-making regarding this issue.

Delays during emergency obstetric care and their determinants among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design

Background

The majority of maternal deaths occur during delivery and the immediate postnatal period as a result of delays in seeking care, failure to reach health institutions, and receiving inappropriate health care. In developing countries, delayed access to timely healthcare contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the delays during emergency obstetric care and associated factors with delays during emergency obstetric care.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was conducted. We chose five hospitals at random in the South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Face-to-face Interviews were conducted with 459 participants using a systematic sampling technique. For this analysis, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were used. The Adjusted Odds Ratio was used to determine the statistical association with delays during emergency obstetric care at p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

The proportion of delays during emergency obstetric care were found to be 59.7% in this study. The respondents’ mean age was 27.23 years old, with a standard error of 5.67. Pregnant mothers living in the rural areas (AOR: 4.1, 95%, CI: 2.36 to 6.25), no ANC visit (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.18), uneducated women (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.45 to 8.59) and referral to a higher level of care (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.60 to 4.44), were all significantly associated with delay.

Conclusion

Delay during emergency obstetric care was found to be 59.7 percent. Rural residency, absence of ANC visit, uneducated mothers, and referred mothers from one level to the next level of care were factors that contributed to delays in emergency obstetric care in the study area.