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Nakatsu G. Toward a postbiotic era of microbiome science: Opportunities to advance immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:34-38. [PMID: 34665475 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome has revolutionized the field of cancer immunology and checkpoint therapeutics for gastrointestinal malignancies. Combating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a unique challenge due in part to chronic complications that arise from local and systemic metabolic dysfunctions. Gut microbial metabolites modulate key immunological processes that influence liver cancer susceptibility and resistance to ICB. This review discusses recent progresses in linking microbiota functions to HCC tumor immunity and highlights their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sugimura N, Li Q, Chu ESH, Lau HCH, Fong W, Liu W, Liang C, Nakatsu G, Su ACY, Coker OO, Wu WKK, Chan FKL, Yu J. Lactobacillus gallinarum modulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis. Gut 2021; 71:gutjnl-2020-323951. [PMID: 34937766 PMCID: PMC9484392 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using faecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified the depletion of Lactobacillus gallinarum in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the potential antitumourigenic role of L. gallinarum in colorectal tumourigenesis. DESIGN The tumor-suppressive effect of L. gallinarum was assessed in murine models of CRC. CRC cell lines and organoids derived from patients with CRC were cultured with L. gallinarum or Escherichia coli MG1655 culture-supernatant to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Antitumour molecule produced from L. gallinarum was identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS L. gallinarum significantly reduced intestinal tumour number and size compared with E. coli MG1655 and phosphate-buffered saline in both male and female murine intestinal tumourigenesis models. Faecal microbial profiling revealed enrichment of probiotics and depletion of pathogenic bacteria in L. gallinarum-treated mice. Culturing CRC cells with L. gallinarum culture-supernatant (5%, 10% and 20%) concentration-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation. L. gallinarum culture-supernatant significantly promoted apoptosis in CRC cells and patient-derived CRC organoids, but not in normal colon epithelial cells. Only L. gallinarum culture-supernatant with fraction size <3 kDa suppressed proliferation in CRC cells. Using LC-MS/MS, enrichments of indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) was identified in both L. gallinarum culture-supernatant and the gut of L. gallinarum-treated mice. ILA displayed anti-CRC growth in vitro and inhibited intestinal tumourigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION L. gallinarum protects against intestinal tumourigenesis by producing protective metabolites that can promote apoptosis of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugimura
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eagle Siu Hong Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Fong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases/Genetics and Complex Disease, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Chin Yang Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis Ka Leung Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Brennan CA, Nakatsu G, Gallini Comeau CA, Drew DA, Glickman JN, Schoen RE, Chan AT, Garrett WS. Aspirin Modulation of the Colorectal Cancer-Associated Microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum. mBio 2021; 12:e00547-21. [PMID: 33824205 PMCID: PMC8092249 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00547-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a chemopreventive agent for colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRC) that, like many drugs inclusive of chemotherapeutics, has been investigated for its effects on bacterial growth and virulence gene expression. Given the evolving recognition of the roles for bacteria in CRC, in this work, we investigate the effects of aspirin with a focus on one oncomicrobe-Fusobacterium nucleatum We show that aspirin and its primary metabolite salicylic acid alter F. nucleatum strain Fn7-1 growth in culture and that aspirin can effectively kill both actively growing and stationary Fn7-1. We also demonstrate that, at levels that do not inhibit growth, aspirin influences Fn7-1 gene expression. To assess whether aspirin modulation of F. nucleatum may be relevant in vivo, we use the ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumor model in which Fn7-1 is orally inoculated daily to reveal that aspirin-supplemented chow is sufficient to inhibit F. nucleatum-potentiated colonic tumorigenesis. We expand our characterization of aspirin sensitivity across other F. nucleatum strains, including those isolated from human CRC tissues, as well as other CRC-associated microbes, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli Finally, we determine that individuals who use aspirin daily have lower fusobacterial abundance in colon adenoma tissues, as determined by quantitative PCR performed on adenoma DNA. Together, our data support that aspirin has direct antibiotic activity against F. nucleatum strains and suggest that consideration of the potential effects of aspirin on the microbiome holds promise in optimizing risk-benefit assessments for use of aspirin in CRC prevention and management.IMPORTANCE There is an increasing understanding of the clinical correlations and potential mechanistic roles of specific members of the gut and tumoral microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, and survival. However, we have yet to parlay this knowledge into better CRC outcomes through microbially informed diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrate that aspirin, an established CRC chemopreventive, exhibits specific effects on the CRC-associated Fusobacterium nucleatum in culture, an animal model of intestinal tumorigenesis, and in human colonic adenoma tissues. Our work proposes a potential role for aspirin in influencing CRC-associated bacteria to prevent colorectal adenomas and cancer, beyond aspirin's canonical anti-inflammatory role targeting host tissues. Future research, such as studies investigating the effects of aspirin on fusobacterial load in patients, will help further elucidate the prospect of using aspirin to modulate F. nucleatumin vivo for improving CRC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Brennan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini Comeau
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Watanabe T, Nadatani Y, Suda W, Higashimori A, Otani K, Fukunaga S, Hosomi S, Tanaka F, Nagami Y, Taira K, Tanigawa T, Nakatsu G, Hattori M, Fujiwara Y. Long-term persistence of gastric dysbiosis after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:710-720. [PMID: 33201352 PMCID: PMC8065006 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric microbiome, other than Helicobacter pylori, plays a role in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Patients who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection for early GC have a high risk of developing metachronous GC even after successful eradication of H. pylori. Thus, we investigated the microbial profiles and associated changes in such patients after the eradication of H. pylori. METHODS A total of 19 H. pylori-infected patients with early GC who were or to be treated by endoscopic resection, with paired biopsy samples at pre- and post-eradication therapy, were retrospectively enrolled. Ten H. pylori-negative patients were enrolled as controls. Biopsy samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS H. pylori-positive patients exhibited low richness and evenness of bacteria with the deletion of several genera, including Blautia, Ralstonia, Faecalibacterium, Methylobacterium, and Megamonas. H. pylori eradication partially restored microbial diversity, as assessed during a median follow-up at 13 months after eradication therapy. However, post-eradication patients had less diversity than that in the controls and possessed a lower abundance of the five genera mentioned above. The eradication of H. pylori also altered the bacterial composition, but not to the same extent as that in controls. The microbial communities could be clustered into three separate groups: H. pylori-negative, pre-eradication, and post-eradication. CONCLUSION Changes in dysbiosis may persist long after the eradication of H. pylori in patients with a history of GC. Dysbiosis may be involved in the development of both primary and metachronous GC after the eradication of H. pylori in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shusei Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan ,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases/Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Masahira Hattori
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao R, Coker OO, Wu J, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Nakatsu G, Bian X, Wei H, Chan AWH, Sung JJY, Chan FKL, El-Omar E, Yu J. Aspirin Reduces Colorectal Tumor Development in Mice and Gut Microbes Reduce its Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Effects. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:969-983.e4. [PMID: 32387495 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the intestinal microbiota affect development of colorectal cancer and drug metabolism. We studied whether the intestinal microbiota affect the ability of aspirin to reduce colon tumor development in mice. METHODS We performed studies with APCmin/+ mice and mice given azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium to induce colorectal carcinogenesis. Some mice were given antibiotics to deplete intestinal microbes, with or without aspirin, throughout the entire experiment. Germ-free mice were studied in validation experiments. Colon tissues were collected and analyzed by histopathology, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblots. Blood samples and gut luminal contents were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and an arylesterase activity assay. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene and shotgun metagenome sequencing. RESULTS Administration of aspirin to mice reduced colorectal tumor number and load in APCmin/+ mice and mice given azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium that had been given antibiotics (depleted gut microbiota), but not in mice with intact microbiota. Germ-free mice given aspirin developed fewer colorectal tumors than conventionalized germ-free mice given aspirin. Plasma levels of aspirin were higher in mice given antibiotics than in mice with intact gut microbiota. Analyses of luminal contents revealed that aerobic gut microbes, including Lysinibacillus sphaericus, degrade aspirin. Germ-free mice fed L sphaericus had lower plasma levels of aspirin than germ-free mice that were not fed this bacterium. There was an inverse correlation between aspirin dose and colorectal tumor development in conventional mice, but this correlation was lost with increased abundance of L sphaericus. Fecal samples from mice fed aspirin were enriched in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, which are considered beneficial, and had reductions in Alistipes finegoldii and Bacteroides fragili, which are considered pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin reduces development of colorectal tumors in APCmin/+ mice and mice given azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium, depending on the presence of intestinal microbes. L sphaericus in the gut degrades aspirin and reduced its chemopreventive effects in mice. Fecal samples from mice fed aspirin were enriched in beneficial bacteria, with reductions in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emad El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Xia X, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Liu D, Kwong TNY, Nakatsu G, Yan PS, Chuang YM, Chan MWY, Coker OO, Chen Z, Yeoh YK, Zhao L, Wang X, Cheng WY, Chan MTV, Chan PKS, Sung JJY, Wang MH, Yu J. Bacteria pathogens drive host colonic epithelial cell promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer. Microbiome 2020; 8:108. [PMID: 32678024 PMCID: PMC7367367 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered microbiome composition and aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are two important hallmarks of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we performed concurrent 16S rRNA gene sequencing and methyl-CpG binding domain-based capture sequencing in 33 tissue biopsies (5 normal colonic mucosa tissues, 4 pairs of adenoma and adenoma-adjacent tissues, and 10 pairs of CRC and CRC-adjacent tissues) to identify significant associations between TSG promoter hypermethylation and CRC-associated bacteria, followed by functional validation of the methylation-associated bacteria. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum and Hungatella hathewayi were identified as the top two methylation-regulating bacteria. Targeted analysis on bona fide TSGs revealed that H. hathewayi and Streptococcus spp. significantly correlated with CDX2 and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, respectively. Mechanistic validation with cell-line and animal models revealed that F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi upregulated DNA methyltransferase. H. hathewayi inoculation also promoted colonic epithelial cell proliferation in germ-free and conventional mice. CONCLUSION Our integrative analysis revealed previously unknown epigenetic regulation of TSGs in host cells through inducing DNA methyltransferase by F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi, and established the latter as CRC-promoting bacteria. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Thomas Ngai Yeung Kwong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Michael Wing-Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wing Yin Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Paul Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
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Liang JQ, Li T, Nakatsu G, Chen YX, Yau TO, Chu E, Wong S, Szeto CH, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Fang JY, Sung JJY, Yu J. A novel faecal Lachnoclostridium marker for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer. Gut 2020; 69:1248-1257. [PMID: 31776231 PMCID: PMC7306980 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) at precancerous-stage adenoma. Here, we identified novel faecal bacterial markers for diagnosing adenoma. DESIGN This study included 1012 subjects (274 CRC, 353 adenoma and 385 controls) from two independent Asian groups. Candidate markers were identified by metagenomics and validated by targeted quantitative PCR. RESULTS Metagenomic analysis identified 'm3' from a Lachnoclostridium sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Clostridium hathewayi (Ch) to be significantly enriched in adenoma. Faecal m3 and Fn were significantly increased from normal to adenoma to CRC (p<0.0001, linear trend by one-way ANOVA) in group I (n=698), which was further confirmed in group II (n=313; p<0.0001). Faecal m3 may perform better than Fn in distinguishing adenoma from controls (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) m3=0.675 vs Fn=0.620, p=0.09), while Fn performed better in diagnosing CRC (AUROCs Fn=0.862 vs m3=0.741, p<0.0001). At 78.5% specificity, m3 and Fn showed sensitivities of 48.3% and 33.8% for adenoma, and 62.1% and 77.8% for CRC, respectively. In a subgroup tested with faecal immunochemical test (FIT; n=642), m3 performed better than FIT in detecting adenoma (sensitivities for non-advanced and advanced adenomas of 44.2% and 50.8% by m3 (specificity=79.6%) vs 0% and 16.1% by FIT (specificity=98.5%)). Combining with FIT improved sensitivity of m3 for advanced adenoma to 56.8%. The combination of m3 with Fn, Ch, Bacteroides clarus and FIT performed best for diagnosing CRC (specificity=81.2% and sensitivity=93.8%). CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel bacterial marker m3 for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Qiaoyi Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Tung On Yau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Eagle Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Ho Szeto
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Sugimura N, Otani K, Watanabe T, Nakatsu G, Shimada S, Fujimoto K, Nadatani Y, Hosomi S, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Taira K, Nagami Y, Tanigawa T, Uematsu S, Fujiwara Y. High-fat diet-mediated dysbiosis exacerbates NSAID-induced small intestinal damage through the induction of interleukin-17A. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16796. [PMID: 31727909 PMCID: PMC6856170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause damage in the small intestine in a bacteria-dependent manner. As high-fat diet (HFD) is a potent inducer of gut dysbiosis, we investigated the effects of HFD on bacterial flora in the small intestine and NSAID-induced enteropathy. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that the population of Bifidobacterium spp. significantly decreased by fold change of individual operational taxonomic units in the small intestine of mice fed HFD for 8 weeks. HFD increased intestinal permeability, as indicated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran absorption and serum lipopolysaccharide levels, accompanied by a decrease in the protein expressions of ZO-1 and occludin and elevated mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-17A in the small intestine. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased susceptibility to indomethacin-induced damage in the small intestine; this phenotype was observed in normal diet-fed mice that received small intestinal microbiota from HFD-fed mice. Administration of neutralizing antibodies against IL-17A to HFD-fed mice reduced intestinal permeability and prevented exacerbation of indomethacin-induced damage. Thus, HFD-induced microbial dysbiosis in small intestine caused microinflammation through the induction of IL-17A and increase in intestinal permeability, resulting in the aggravation of NSAID-induced small intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases/Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Room 904, Building 1, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Sunao Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Dong Y, Zhang Y, Kang W, Wang G, Chen H, Higashimori A, Nakatsu G, Go M, Tong JHM, Zheng S, To KF, Sung JJY, Yang X, Ng SSM, Yu J. VSTM2A suppresses colorectal cancer and antagonizes Wnt signaling receptor LRP6. Theranostics 2019; 9:6517-6531. [PMID: 31588233 PMCID: PMC6771244 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a critical step in colorectal tumorigenesis. In this study, we identified that V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (VSTM2A) was a top-downregulated secreted protein that negatively regulated Wnt singling pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the functional mechanisms and clinical implication of VSTM2A in CRC. Methods: Function of VSTM2A was investigated in vitro and in vivo. VSTM2A binding partner was identified by mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation and Western blot. The clinical impact of VSTM2A was assessed in 355 CRC patients and TCGA cohort. Results: VSTM2A protein was prominently silenced in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines mediated by its promoter hypermethylation. VSTM2A DNA promoter hypermethylation and VSTM2A protein downregulation was associated with poor survival of CRC patients. Ectopic expression of VSTM2A inhibited colon cancer cell lines and organoid growth, induced CRC cells apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion, and suppressed growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. VSTM2A was released from CRC cells through a canonical secretion pathway. Secreted VSTM2A significantly suppressed Wnt signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. Wnt signaling co-receptor LDL receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) was identified as a cell membrane binding partner of VSTM2A. Using deletion/mutation and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that VSTM2A bound to LRP6 E1-4 domain with its IgV domain. VSTM2A suppressed LRP6 phosphorylation in a time and dose dependent manner, and induced LRP6 endocytosis and lysosome-mediated degradation, which collectively contributing to the inactivation of Wnt signaling. Conclusions: VSTM2A is a novel antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling by directly binding to LRP6 and induces LRP6 endocytosis and degradation. VSTM2A is a potential prognostic biomarker for the outcome of CRC patients.
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10
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Coker OO, Nakatsu G, Dai RZ, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer. Gut 2019; 68:654-662. [PMID: 30472682 PMCID: PMC6580778 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacteriome and virome alterations are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the gut fungal microbiota in CRC remains largely unexplored. We aimed to characterise enteric mycobiome in CRC. DESIGN Faecal shotgun metagenomic sequences of 184 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 204 control subjects from Hong Kong were analysed (discovery cohort: 73 patients with CRC and 92 control subjects; validation cohort: 111 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 112 controls from Hong Kong). CRC-associated fungal markers and ecological changes were also validated in additional independent cohorts of 90 patients with CRC, 42 patients with adenoma and 66 control subjects of published repository sequences from Germany and France. Assignment of taxonomies was performed by exact k-mer alignment against an integrated microbial reference genome database. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed separate clusters for CRC and control (p<0.0001), with distinct mycobiomes in early-stage and late-stage CRC (p=0.0048). Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was higher in CRC (p=0.0042), with increase in Malasseziomycetes (p<0.0001) and decrease in Saccharomycetes (p<0.0001) and Pneumocystidomycetes (p=0.0017). Abundances of 14 fungal biomarkers distinguished CRC from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 and validated AUCs of 0.82 and 0.74 in independent Chinese cohort V1 and European cohort V2, respectively. Further ecological analysis revealed higher numbers of co-occurring fungal intrakingdom and co-exclusive bacterial-fungal correlations in CRC (p<0.0001). Moreover, co-occurrence interactions between fungi and bacteria, mostly contributed by fungal Ascomycota and bacterial Proteobacteria in control, were reverted to co-exclusive interplay in CRC (p=0.00045). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed CRC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterised by altered fungal composition and ecology, signifying that the gut mycobiome might play a role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Zhenwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis Ka Leung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang L, Wong S, Wang M, Tse G, Dai R, Nakatsu G, Coker O, Chen Z, Ko H, Chan J, Liu T, Cheng C, Cheng A, To K, Plewczynski D, Sung J, Yu J, Gin T, Chan M, Wu W. Oncogenes expand during evolution to withstand somatic amplification. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:2254-2260. [PMID: 30204835 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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12
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Nakatsu G, Zhou H, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Coker OO, Dai Z, Li X, Szeto CH, Sugimura N, Lam TYT, Yu ACS, Wang X, Chen Z, Wong MCS, Ng SC, Chan MTV, Chan PKS, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. Alterations in Enteric Virome Are Associated With Colorectal Cancer and Survival Outcomes. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:529-541.e5. [PMID: 29689266 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a different gut microbiome signature than individuals without CRC. Little is known about the viral component of CRC-associated microbiome. We aimed to identify and validate viral taxonomic markers of CRC that might be used in detection of the disease or predicting outcome. METHODS We performed shotgun metagenomic analyses of viromes of fecal samples from 74 patients with CRC (cases) and 92 individuals without CRC (controls) in Hong Kong (discovery cohort). Viral sequences were classified by taxonomic alignment against an integrated microbial reference genome database. Viral markers associated with CRC were validated using fecal samples from 3 separate cohorts: 111 patients with CRC and 112 controls in Hong Kong, 46 patients with CRC and 63 controls in Austria, and 91 patients with CRC and 66 controls in France and Germany. Using abundance profiles of CRC-associated virome genera, we constructed random survival forest models to identify those associated with patient survival times. RESULTS The diversity of the gut bacteriophage community was significantly increased in patients with CRC compared with controls. Twenty-two viral taxa discriminated cases from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.802 in the discovery cohort. The viral markers were validated in 3 cohorts, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.763, 0.736, and 0.715, respectively. Clinical subgroup analysis showed that dysbiosis of the gut virome was associated with early- and late-stage CRC. A combination of 4 taxonomic markers associated with reduced survival of patients with CRC (log-rank test, P = 8.1 × 10-6) independently of tumor stage, lymph node metastases, or clinical parameters. We found altered interactions between bacteriophages and oral bacterial commensals in fecal samples from patients with CRC compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS In a metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from patients and controls, we identified virome signatures associated with CRC. These data might be used to develop tools to identify individuals with CRC or predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ho Szeto
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naoki Sugimura
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Yuen-Tung Lam
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Allen Chi-Shing Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Chi-Sang Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis Ka Leung Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kwong TNY, Wang X, Nakatsu G, Chow TC, Tipoe T, Dai RZW, Tsoi KKK, Wong MCS, Tse G, Chan MTV, Chan FKL, Ng SC, Wu JCY, Wu WKK, Yu J, Sung JJY, Wong SH. Association Between Bacteremia From Specific Microbes and Subsequent Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:383-390.e8. [PMID: 29729257 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) development has been associated with increased proportions of Bacteroides fragilis and certain Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus species in the intestinal microbiota. We investigated associations between bacteremia from specific intestinal microbes and occurrence of CRC. METHODS We performed a retrospective study after collecting data on 13,096 adult patients (exposed group) in Hong Kong hospitalized with bacteremia (identified by blood culture test) without a previous diagnosis of cancer from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2015. We collected data on intestinal microbes previously associated with CRC (genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Filifactor, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Solobacterium, and Streptococcus). Clinical information, including patient demographics, comorbid medical conditions, date of bacteremia, and bacterial species identified, were collected. The incidence of biopsy-proved CRC was compared between the exposed and unexposed (patients without bacteremia matched for age, sex, and comorbidities) groups. RESULTS The risk of CRC was increased in patients with bacteremia from B fragilis (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.62-5.64, P = 5.5 × 10-12) or Streptococcus gallolyticus (HR = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.18-15.1, P = 4.1 × 10-4) compared with the unexposed group. In addition, the risk of CRC was increased in patients with bacteremia from Fusobacterium nucleatum (HR = 6.89, 95% CI = 1.70-27.9, P = .007), Peptostreptococcus species (HR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.47-6.35, P = .003), Clostridium septicum (HR = 17.1, 95% CI = 1.82-160, P = .013), Clostridium perfringens (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.16-4.52, P = .017), or Gemella morbillorum (HR = 15.2, 95% CI = 1.54-150, P = .020). We observed no increased risk in patients with bacteremia caused by microbes not previously associated with colorectal neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized for bacteremia, we associated later diagnosis of CRC with B fragilis and S gallolyticus and other intestinal microbes. These bacteria might have entered the bloodstream from intestinal dysbiosis and perturbed barrier function. These findings support a model in which specific members of the intestinal microbiota promote colorectal carcinogenesis. Clinicians should evaluate patients with bacteremia from these species for neoplastic lesions in the colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Y Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiansong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Cheong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Tipoe
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Z W Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin K K Tsoi
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin C S Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny H Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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14
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Coker OO, Dai Z, Nie Y, Zhao G, Cao L, Nakatsu G, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Chen Z, Sung JJY, Yu J. Mucosal microbiome dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 2018; 67:1024-1032. [PMID: 28765474 PMCID: PMC5969346 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the microbial changes associated with histological stages of gastric tumourigenesis. DESIGN We performed 16S rRNA gene analysis of gastric mucosal samples from 81 cases including superficial gastritis (SG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric cancer (GC) from Xi'an, China, to determine mucosal microbiome dysbiosis across stages of GC. We validated the results in mucosal samples of 126 cases from Inner Mongolia, China. RESULTS We observed significant mucosa microbial dysbiosis in IM and GC subjects, with significant enrichment of 21 and depletion of 10 bacterial taxa in GC compared with SG (q<0.05). Microbial network analysis showed increasing correlation strengths among them with disease progression (p<0.001). Five GC-enriched bacterial taxa whose species identifications correspond to Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, Parvimonas micra, Slackia exigua and Dialister pneumosintes had significant centralities in the GC ecological network (p<0.05) and classified GC from SG with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.82. Moreover, stronger interactions among gastric microbes were observed in Helicobacter pylori-negative samples compared with H. pylori-positive samples in SG and IM. The fold changes of selected bacteria, and strengths of their interactions were successfully validated in the Inner Mongolian cohort, in which the five bacterial markers distinguished GC from SG with an AUC of 0.81. CONCLUSIONS In addition to microbial compositional changes, we identified differences in bacterial interactions across stages of gastric carcinogenesis. The significant enrichments and network centralities suggest potentially important roles of P. stomatis, D. pneumosintes, S. exigua, P. micra and S. anginosus in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Guijun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William KK Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Dai Z, Coker OO, Nakatsu G, Wu WKK, Zhao L, Chen Z, Chan FKL, Kristiansen K, Sung JJY, Wong SH, Yu J. Multi-cohort analysis of colorectal cancer metagenome identified altered bacteria across populations and universal bacterial markers. Microbiome 2018; 6:70. [PMID: 29642940 PMCID: PMC5896039 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of gut microbiota are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in different populations and several bacterial species were found to contribute to the tumorigenesis. The potential use of gut microbes as markers for early diagnosis has also been reported. However, cohort specific noises may distort the structure of microbial dysbiosis in CRC and lead to inconsistent results among studies. In this regard, our study targeted at exploring changes in gut microbiota that are universal across populations at species level. RESULTS Based on the combined analysis of 526 metagenomic samples from Chinese, Austrian, American, and German and French cohorts, seven CRC-enriched bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia, Alistipes finegoldii, and Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans) have been identified across populations. The seven enriched bacterial markers classified cases from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.80 across the different populations. Abundance correlation analysis demonstrated that CRC-enriched and CRC-depleted bacteria respectively formed their own mutualistic networks, in which the latter was disjointed in CRC. The CRC-enriched bacteria have been found to be correlated with lipopolysaccharide and energy biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified potential diagnostic bacterial markers that are robust across populations, indicating their potential universal use for non-invasive CRC diagnosis. We also elucidated the ecological networks and functional capacities of CRC-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Dai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Metagenomics BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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16
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Higashimori A, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Kang W, Nakatsu G, Ng SSM, Arakawa T, Sung JJY, Chan FKL, Yu J. Forkhead Box F2 Suppresses Gastric Cancer through a Novel FOXF2-IRF2BPL-β-Catenin Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1643-1656. [PMID: 29374064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been identified as a hallmark of gastric cancer (GC). Identifying genes that are repressed by DNA promoter methylation is essential in providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Using genome-wide methylation studies, we identified that transcription factor forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) was preferentially methylated in gastric cancer. We then investigated the functional significance and clinical implication of FOXF2 in gastric cancer. FOXF2 was silenced in gastric cancer cell lines and cancer tissues by promoter methylation, which was negatively associated with mRNA expression. Ectopic expression of FOXF2 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, G1-S cell-cycle transition, induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines, and suppressed growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice; knockdown of FOXF2 elicited opposing effects. FOXF2 inhibited Wnt signaling by inducing β-catenin protein ubiquitination and degradation independently of GSK-3β. FOXF2 directly bound the promoter of E3 ligase interferon regulatory factor 2-binding protein-like (IRF2BPL) and induced its transcriptional expression. IRF2BPL in turn interacted with β-catenin, increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified FOXF2 hypermethylation as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in early-stage gastric cancer patients. In conclusion, FOXF2 is a critical tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis whose methylation status serves as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients.Significance: FOXF2-mediated upregulation of the E3 ligase IRF2BPL drives ubiquitylation and degradation of β-catenin in gastric cancer, blunting Wnt signaling and suppressing carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1643-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Higashimori
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujuan Dong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tetsuo Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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17
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Wong SH, Zhao L, Zhang X, Nakatsu G, Han J, Xu W, Xiao X, Kwong TNY, Tsoi H, Wu WKK, Zeng B, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Wei H, Yu J. Gavage of Fecal Samples From Patients With Colorectal Cancer Promotes Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Germ-Free and Conventional Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1621-1633.e6. [PMID: 28823860 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered gut microbiota is implicated in development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Some intestinal bacteria have been reported to potentiate intestinal carcinogenesis by producing genotoxins, altering the immune response and intestinal microenvironment, and activating oncogenic signaling pathways. We investigated whether stool from patients with CRC could directly induce colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. METHODS We obtained stored stool samples from participants in a metagenome study performed in Hong Kong. Conventional (male C57BL/6) mice were given azoxymethane to induce colon neoplasia after receiving a course of antibiotics in drinking water. Mice were gavaged twice weekly with stool from 5 patients with CRC or 5 healthy individuals (controls) for 5 weeks. Germ-free C57BL/6 mice were gavaged once with stool from 5 patients with CRC or 5 controls. We collected intestinal tissues from mice and performed histology, immunohistochemistry, expression microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and flow cytometry analyses. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of feces from mice. RESULTS Significantly higher proportions of conventional mice fed with stool from individuals with CRC than control stool developed high-grade dysplasia (P < .05) and macroscopic polyps (P < .01). We observed a higher proportion of proliferating (Ki-67-positive) cells in colons of germ-free mice fed with stool from patients with CRC vs those fed with stool from controls (P < .05). Feces from germ-free and conventional mice fed with stool from patients with CRC vs controls contained different microbial compositions, with lower richness in mice fed with stool from patients with CRC. Intestines collected from conventional and germ-free mice fed with stool from patients with CRC had increased expression of cytokines that modulate inflammation, including C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2, interleukin 17A (IL17A), IL22, and IL23A. Intestines from conventional and germ-free mice fed with stool from patients with CRC contained higher proportions of T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (2.25% vs 0.44%) and Th17 cells (2.08% vs 0.31%) (P < .05 for each) than mice fed with stool from controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction arrays revealed up-regulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis in mice fed with stool from patients with CRC. CONCLUSIONS We fed stool samples from patients with CRC and heathy individuals to germ-free mice and conventional mice with azoxymethane. We found stool from patients with CRC to increase the numbers of polyps, levels of intestinal dysplasia and proliferation, markers of inflammation, and proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells in colon, compared with stool from individuals without CRC. This study provides evidence that the fecal microbiota from patients with CRC can promote tumorigenesis in germ-free mice and mice given a carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Juqiang Han
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Liver Disease, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas N Y Kwong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Tsoi
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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18
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Wong SH, Kwong TNY, Chow TC, Luk AKC, Dai RZW, Nakatsu G, Lam TYT, Zhang L, Wu JCY, Chan FKL, Ng SSM, Wong MCS, Ng SC, Wu WKK, Yu J, Sung JJY. Quantitation of faecal Fusobacterium improves faecal immunochemical test in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia. Gut 2017; 66:1441-1448. [PMID: 27797940 PMCID: PMC5530471 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for an improved biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. We evaluated faecal microbial markers for clinical use in detecting CRC and advanced adenoma. DESIGN We measured relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa) and Parvimonas micra (Pm) by quantitative PCR in 309 subjects, including 104 patients with CRC, 103 patients with advanced adenoma and 102 controls. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers with respect to faecal immunochemical test (FIT), and validated the results in an independent cohort of 181 subjects. RESULTS The abundance was higher for all three individual markers in patients with CRC than controls (p<0.001), and for marker Fn in patients with advanced adenoma than controls (p=0.022). The marker Fn, when combined with FIT, showed superior sensitivity (92.3% vs 73.1%, p<0.001) and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.95 vs 0.86, p<0.001) than stand-alone FIT in detecting CRC in the same patient cohort. This combined test also increased the sensitivity (38.6% vs 15.5%, p<0.001) and AUC (0.65 vs 0.57, p=0.007) for detecting advanced adenoma. The performance gain for both CRC and advanced adenoma was confirmed in the validation cohort (p=0.0014 and p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study identified marker Fn as a valuable marker to improve diagnostic performance of FIT, providing a complementary role to detect lesions missed by FIT alone. This simple approach may improve the clinical utility of the current FIT, and takes one step further towards a non-invasive, potentially more accurate and affordable diagnosis of advanced colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thomas N Y Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Cheong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur K C Luk
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Z W Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Y T Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S M Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin C S Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Tsoi H, Chu ESH, Zhang X, Sheng J, Nakatsu G, Ng SC, Chan AWH, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius Induces Intracellular Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Colon Cells to Induce Proliferation and Causes Dysplasia in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1419-1433.e5. [PMID: 28126350 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Stool samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a higher abundance of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius than stool from individuals without CRC, based on metagenome sequencing. We investigated whether P anaerobius contributes to colon tumor formation in mice and its possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses to measure P anaerobius in 112 stool samples and 255 colon biopsies from patients with CRC or advanced adenoma and from healthy individuals (controls) undergoing colonoscopy examination at hospitals in Hong Kong and Beijing. C57BL/6 mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by a single dose of azoxymethane, to induce colon tumor formation. Three days later, mice were given P anaerobius or Esherichia coli MG1655 (control bacteria), via gavage, for 6 weeks. Some mice were also given the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Intestine tissues were collected and analyzed histologically. The colon epithelial cell line NCM460 and colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 were exposed to P anaerobius or control bacteria; cells were analyzed by immunoblot, proliferation, and bacterial attachment analyses and compared in gene expression profiling studies. Gene expression was knocked down in these cell lines with small interfering RNAs. RESULTS P anaerobius was significantly enriched in stool samples from patients with CRC and in biopsies from patients with colorectal adenoma or CRC compared with controls. Mice depleted of bacteria and exposed to azoxymethane and P anaerobius had a higher incidence of intestinal dysplasia (63%) compared with mice not given the bacteria (8.3%; P < .01). P anaerobius mainly colonized the colon compared with the rest of the intestine. Colon cells exposed to P anaerobius had significantly higher levels of proliferation than control cells. We found genes that regulate cholesterol biosynthesis, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling to be significantly up-regulated in cells exposed to P anaerobius. Total cholesterol levels were significantly increased in colon cell lines exposed to P anaerobius via activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2. P anaerobius interacted with TLR2 and TLR4 to increase intracellular levels of reactive oxidative species, which promoted cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation. Depletion of reactive oxidative species by knockdown of TLR2 or TLR4, or incubation of cells with an antioxidant, prevented P anaerobius from inducing cholesterol biosynthesis and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Levels of P anaerobius are increased in human colon tumor tissues and adenomas compared with non-tumor tissues; this bacteria increases colon dysplasia in a mouse model of CRC. P anaerobius interacts with TLR2 and TLR4 on colon cells to increase levels of reactive oxidative species, which promotes cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Tsoi
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eagle S H Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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20
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Xiao X, Nakatsu G, Jin Y, Wong S, Yu J, Lau JYW. Gut Microbiota Mediates Protection Against Enteropathy Induced by Indomethacin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40317. [PMID: 28067296 PMCID: PMC5220306 DOI: 10.1038/srep40317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause significant small bowel injuries. The role of gut microbiota in this NSAID-induced enteropathy is poorly understood. We studied the dynamic changes in gut microbiota following indomethacin administration in mice, and investigated the effects of these adaptive changes on subsequent NSAID-induced enteropathy. The changes in gut microbiota were studied using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the effects of such changes were investigated using antibiotics and a faecal transplantation model. After indomethacin treatment, significant adaptive changes in gut microbiota were observed, including increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance in that of Bacteroidetes. Depletion of gut microbiota with antibiotics led to a higher mortality (P = 0.0021) in mice compared to controls. Mice pre-transplanted with adaptively changed microbiota showed less small bowel injury and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines when exposed to indomethacin. In summary, this study identifies adaptive changes in the gut microbiota upon indomethacin administration, which can in turn ameliorate further NSAID-induced injury. The heightened mortality with antibiotic depletion of the adaptively changed microbiota suggests its important role in protecting against such injury. This study provides insight for future efforts to target the microbiota as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Jin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Y W Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Wu R, Nakatsu G, Zhang X, Yu J. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of macrophages in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:615-26. [PMID: 26609894 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1125883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is a major cause of morbidity and healthcare burden worldwide. While the molecular pathogenesis of NASH remains unclear and therapeutic options are limited, inflammation is recognized as an essential factor for NASH development. Factors that link NASH to inflammation are macrophages and their secreted cytokines. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current knowledge of macrophage-mediated molecular pathways in NASH to shed insights on potential pharmacotherapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION Macrophages are not only known for their role of phagocytosis in innate immunity, but also for both extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of inflammatory functions of many cytokines. Recent advances have revealed the effects of macrophage recruitment and polarization on the development of NASH. We and others have shown that the proliferation of hepatic macrophages and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines initiates inflammatory cascades, orchestrates activities of transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism/translocation, and modulates programmed cell death. Together, these findings support the pathophysiological role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of NASH. Thus, evaluating potential therapeutic targets against the infiltration and/or polarization of specific macrophage subtypes is of clinical interest for alleviation of early-stage NASH, with the goal of halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wu
- a Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- a Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Zhang
- a Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- a Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
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22
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Nakatsu G, Li X, Zhou H, Sheng J, Wong SH, Wu WKK, Ng SC, Tsoi H, Dong Y, Zhang N, He Y, Kang Q, Cao L, Wang K, Zhang J, Liang Q, Yu J, Sung JJY. Gut mucosal microbiome across stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8727. [PMID: 26515465 PMCID: PMC4640069 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we catalogue the microbial communities in human gut mucosae at different stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. We analyse the gut mucosal microbiome of 47 paired samples of adenoma and adenoma-adjacent mucosae, 52 paired samples of carcinoma and carcinoma-adjacent mucosae and 61 healthy controls. Probabilistic partitioning of relative abundance profiles reveals that a metacommunity predominated by members of the oral microbiome is primarily associated with CRC. Analysis of paired samples shows differences in community configurations between lesions and the adjacent mucosae. Correlations of bacterial taxa indicate early signs of dysbiosis in adenoma, and co-exclusive relationships are subsequently more common in cancer. We validate these alterations in CRC-associated microbiome by comparison with two previously published data sets. Our results suggest that a taxonomically defined microbial consortium is implicated in the development of CRC. Changes in gut microbial communities contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Here, the authors analyse the gut mucosal microbiome of patients and healthy subjects and identify distinct microbial consortia associated with different stages of colorectal cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Military General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - William Ka Kai Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ho Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yujuan Dong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Military General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Military General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kunning Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, 2 Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
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