1
|
Fisher G, Pečaver E, Read BJ, Leese SK, Laing E, Dickson AL, Czekster CM, da Silva RG. Catalytic Cycle of the Bifunctional Enzyme Phosphoribosyl-ATP Pyrophosphohydrolase/Phosphoribosyl-AMP Cyclohydrolase. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7669-7679. [PMID: 37288093 PMCID: PMC10242683 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase/phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase (HisIE) catalyzes the second and third steps of histidine biosynthesis: pyrophosphohydrolysis of N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) to N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP (PRAMP) and pyrophosphate in the C-terminal HisE-like domain, and cyclohydrolysis of PRAMP to N-(5'-phospho-D-ribosylformimino)-5-amino-1-(5″-phospho-D-ribosyl)-4-imidazolecarboxamide (ProFAR) in the N-terminal HisI-like domain. Here we use UV-VIS spectroscopy and LC-MS to show Acinetobacter baumannii putative HisIE produces ProFAR from PRATP. Employing an assay to detect pyrophosphate and another to detect ProFAR, we established the pyrophosphohydrolase reaction rate is higher than the overall reaction rate. We produced a truncated version of the enzyme-containing only the C-terminal (HisE) domain. This truncated HisIE was catalytically active, which allowed the synthesis of PRAMP, the substrate for the cyclohydrolysis reaction. PRAMP was kinetically competent for HisIE-catalyzed ProFAR production, demonstrating PRAMP can bind the HisI-like domain from bulk water, and suggesting that the cyclohydrolase reaction is rate-limiting for the overall bifunctional enzyme. The overall kcat increased with increasing pH, while the solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect decreased at more basic pH but was still large at pH 7.5. The lack of solvent viscosity effects on kcat and kcat/KM ruled out diffusional steps limiting the rates of substrate binding and product release. Rapid kinetics with excess PRATP demonstrated a lag time followed by a burst in ProFAR formation. These observations are consistent with a rate-limiting unimolecular step involving a proton transfer following adenine ring opening. We synthesized N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ADP (PRADP), which could not be processed by HisIE. PRADP inhibited HisIE-catalyzed ProFAR formation from PRATP but not from PRAMP, suggesting that it binds to the phosphohydrolase active site while still permitting unobstructed access of PRAMP to the cyclohydrolase active site. The kinetics data are incompatible with a build-up of PRAMP in bulk solvent, indicating HisIE catalysis involves preferential channeling of PRAMP, albeit not via a protein tunnel.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gianoukakis A, Arnold S, Kahn S, Taylor M, Garralda E, Krebs M, Arkenau HT, Clark L, Fisher G, Subbiah V. 82TiP A modular, open-label, phase I/II study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of EP0031, a next generation selective RET inhibitor, in patients with advanced RET-altered malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
|
3
|
Fisher G, Mackels L, Markati T, Sarkozy A, Ochala J, Jungbluth H, Ramdas S, Servais L. Early clinical and pre-clinical therapy development in Nemaline myopathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:853-867. [PMID: 36524401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nemaline myopathies (NM) represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital muscle disorders with the common denominator of nemaline rods on muscle biopsy. NEB and ACTA1 are the most common causative genes. Currently, available treatments are supportive. AREAS COVERED We explored experimental treatments for NM, identifying at least eleven mainly pre-clinical approaches utilizing murine and/or human muscle cells. These approaches target either i) the causative gene or associated genes implicated in the same pathway; ii) pathophysiologically relevant biochemical mechanisms such as calcium/myosin regulation of muscle contraction; iii) myogenesis; iv) other therapies that improve or optimize muscle function more generally; v) and/or combinations of the above. The scope and efficiency of these attempts is diverse, ranging from gene-specific effects to those widely applicable to all NM-associated genes. EXPERT OPINION The wide range of experimental therapies currently under consideration for NM is promising. Potential translation into clinical use requires consideration of additional factors such as the potential muscle type specificity as well as the possibility of gene expression remodeling. Challenges in clinical translation include the rarity and heterogeneity of genotypes, phenotypes, and disease trajectories, as well as the lack of longitudinal natural history data and validated outcomes and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fisher
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurane Mackels
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Neuromuscular Reference Center, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Theodora Markati
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Neuromuscular Reference Center, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sweeney P, Galliford A, Kumar A, Raju D, Krishna NB, Sutherland E, Leo CJ, Fisher G, Lalitha R, Muthuraj L, Sigamani G, Oehler V, Synowsky S, Shirran SL, Gloster TM, Czekster CM, Kumar P, da Silva RG. Structure, dynamics, and molecular inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus m 1A22-tRNA methyltransferase TrmK. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102040. [PMID: 35595101 PMCID: PMC9190014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme m1A22-tRNA methyltransferase (TrmK) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to the N1 of adenine 22 in bacterial tRNAs. TrmK is essential for Staphylococcus aureus survival during infection but has no homolog in mammals, making it a promising target for antibiotic development. Here, we characterize the structure and function of S. aureus TrmK (SaTrmK) using X-ray crystallography, binding assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. We report crystal structures for the SaTrmK apoenzyme as well as in complexes with methyl donor SAM and co-product product SAH. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that SAM binds to the enzyme with favorable but modest enthalpic and entropic contributions, whereas SAH binding leads to an entropic penalty compensated for by a large favorable enthalpic contribution. Molecular dynamics simulations point to specific motions of the C-terminal domain being altered by SAM binding, which might have implications for tRNA recruitment. In addition, activity assays for SaTrmK-catalyzed methylation of A22 mutants of tRNALeu demonstrate that the adenine at position 22 is absolutely essential. In silico screening of compounds suggested the multifunctional organic toxin plumbagin as a potential inhibitor of TrmK, which was confirmed by activity measurements. Furthermore, LC-MS data indicated the protein was covalently modified by one equivalent of the inhibitor, and proteolytic digestion coupled with LC-MS identified Cys92 in the vicinity of the SAM-binding site as the sole residue modified. These results identify a cryptic binding pocket of SaTrmK, laying a foundation for future structure-based drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sweeney
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ashleigh Galliford
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | - Dinesh Raju
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Emmajay Sutherland
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Caitlin J Leo
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Gemma Fisher
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | | | | | - Verena Oehler
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Silvia Synowsky
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Tracey M Gloster
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Clarissa M Czekster
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Pravin Kumar
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bangalore, India.
| | - Rafael G da Silva
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Markati T, Fisher G, Ramdas S, Servais L. Risdiplam: an investigational motor neuron-2 (SMN-2) splicing modifier for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:451-461. [PMID: 35316106 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2056836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease which is characterized by muscle atrophy and early death in most patients. Risdiplam is the third overall and first oral drug approved for SMA with disease-modifying potential. Risdiplam acts as a survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) pre-mRNA splicing modifier with satisfactory safety and efficacy profile. This review aims to critically appraise the place of risdiplam in the map of SMA therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review gives an overview of the current market for SMA and presents the mechanism of action and the pharmacological properties of risdiplam. It also outlines the development of risdiplam from early preclinical stages through to the most recently published results from phase 2/3 clinical trials. Risdiplam has proved its efficacy in pivotal trials for SMA Types 1, 2, and 3 with a satisfactory safety profile. EXPERT OPINION In the absence of comparative data with the other two approved drugs, the role of risdiplam in the treatment algorithm of affected individuals is examined in three different patient populations based on the age and diagnosis method (newborn screening or clinical, symptom-driven diagnosis). Long-term data and real-world data will play a fundamental role in its future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Markati
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma Fisher
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Références des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège & University of Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bearne L, Volkmer B, Dhouri A, Farran D, Fisher G, Galea Holmes M, Modarai B, Patel S, Peacock J, Sackley C, Weinman J, Bieles J. A physiotherapist-led, home-based walking intervention for peripheral arterial disease: MOtivating Structured walking Activity for Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC) randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Read BJ, Fisher G, Wissett OLR, Machado TFG, Nicholson J, Mitchell JBO, da Silva RG. Allosteric Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase by Protein:Dipeptide and Protein:Protein Interactions. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:197-209. [PMID: 34928596 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) catalyzes the first step of histidine biosynthesis in bacteria, namely, the condensation of ATP and 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to generate N1-(5-phospho-β-d-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) and pyrophosphate. Catalytic (HisGS) and regulatory (HisZ) subunits assemble in a hetero-octamer where HisZ activates HisGS and mediates allosteric inhibition by histidine. In Acinetobacter baumannnii, HisGS is necessary for the bacterium to persist in the lung during pneumonia. Inhibition of ATPPRT is thus a promising strategy for specific antibiotic development. Here, A. baumannii ATPPRT is shown to follow a rapid equilibrium random kinetic mechanism, unlike any other ATPPRT. Histidine noncompetitively inhibits ATPPRT. Binding kinetics indicates histidine binds to free ATPPRT and to ATPPRT:PRPP and ATPPRT:ATP binary complexes with similar affinity following a two-step binding mechanism, but with distinct kinetic partition of the initial enzyme:inhibitor complex. The dipeptide histidine-proline inhibits ATPPRT competitively and likely uncompetitively, respectively, against PRPP and ATP. Rapid kinetics analysis shows His-Pro binds to the ATPPRT:ATP complex via a two-step binding mechanism. A related HisZ that shares 43% sequence identity with A. baumannii HisZ is a tight-binding allosteric inhibitor of A. baumannii HisGS. These findings lay the foundation for inhibitor design against A. baumannii ATPPRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Read
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Fisher
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver L. R. Wissett
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F. G. Machado
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - John Nicholson
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - John B. O. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael G. da Silva
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bieles J, Volkmer B, Holmes MG, Duvnjak S, Fisher G, Keane R, Modarai B, Peacock J, Weinman J, Sackley C, Bearne L. The impact of the motivating structured walking activity for intermittent claudication training for physiotherapists on therapeutic empathy and motivational interviewing. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Crow YJ, Marshall H, Rice GI, Seabra L, Jenkinson EM, Baranano K, Battini R, Berger A, Blair E, Blauwblomme T, Bolduc F, Boddaert N, Buckard J, Burnett H, Calvert S, Caumes R, Ng ACH, Chiang D, Clifford DB, Cordelli DM, de Burca A, Demic N, Desguerre I, De Waele L, Di Fonzo A, Dunham SR, Dyack S, Elmslie F, Ferrand M, Fisher G, Karimiani EG, Ghoumid J, Gibbon F, Goel H, Hilmarsen HT, Hughes I, Jacob A, Jones EA, Kumar R, Leventer RJ, MacDonald S, Maroofian R, Mehta SG, Metz I, Monfrini E, Neumann D, Noetzel M, O'Driscoll M, Õunap K, Panzer A, Parikh S, Prabhakar P, Ramond F, Sandford R, Saneto R, Soh C, Stutterd CA, Subramanian GM, Talbot K, Thomas RH, Toro C, Touraine R, Wakeling E, Wassmer E, Whitney A, Livingston JH, O'Keefe RT, Badrock AP. Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts: Genetic and phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:15-25. [PMID: 33029936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in SNORD118, encoding the small nucleolar RNA U8, cause leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC). Given the difficulty in interpreting the functional consequences of variants in nonprotein encoding genes, and the high allelic polymorphism across SNORD118 in controls, we set out to provide a description of the molecular pathology and clinical spectrum observed in a cohort of patients with LCC. We identified 64 affected individuals from 56 families. Age at presentation varied from 3 weeks to 67 years, with disease onset after age 40 years in eight patients. Ten patients had died. We recorded 44 distinct, likely pathogenic, variants in SNORD118. Fifty two of 56 probands were compound heterozygotes, with parental consanguinity reported in only three families. Forty nine of 56 probands were either heterozygous (46) or homozygous (three) for a mutation involving one of seven nucleotides that facilitate a novel intramolecular interaction between the 5' end and 3' extension of precursor-U8. There was no obvious genotype-phenotype correlation to explain the marked variability in age at onset. Complementing recently published functional analyses in a zebrafish model, these data suggest that LCC most often occurs due to combinatorial severe and milder mutations, with the latter mostly affecting 3' end processing of precursor-U8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanick J Crow
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Heather Marshall
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luis Seabra
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emma M Jenkinson
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristin Baranano
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Berger
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Kliniken Nordoberpfalz AG, Germany
| | - Edward Blair
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Paediatric Neurosurgery Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francois Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalie Boddaert
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, University de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Buckard
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum am EVK Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Calvert
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roseline Caumes
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Andy Cheuk-Him Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David B Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Duccio M Cordelli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna de Burca
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Demic
- Department of Neurology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca 'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Richard Dunham
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Dyack
- Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Frances Elmslie
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Gemma Fisher
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frances Gibbon
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Local Health District, Waratah, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Hilde T Hilmarsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Imelda Hughes
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anu Jacob
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elizabeth A Jones
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Clinical Genetic Service, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shelley MacDonald
- Maritime Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Imke Metz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca 'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Neumann
- Klinikum Wilhelmshaven, Department of Neuropediatrics, Germany
| | - Michael Noetzel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Washington, USA
| | - Mary O'Driscoll
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Axel Panzer
- Paediatric Neurology, DRK Kliniken Berlin-Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumit Parikh
- Neurogenetics Program, Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prab Prabhakar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Francis Ramond
- Service de Génétique, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Richard Sandford
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell Saneto
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Paediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Calvin Soh
- Radiology Department, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Gopinath M Subramanian
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Paediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Whitney
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Southampton, UK
| | - John H Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen D, Barsoumian H, Fisher G, Yang L, Vellano C, Marszalek J, Davies M, Cortez M, Welsh J. Combination Treatment With Radiotherapy And A Novel Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor Overcomes PD-1 Resistance And Enhances Antitumor Immunity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Forrester S, Fisher G, Chieng CY, Rogers SN. Oral and maxillofacial dental care professionals in critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:117-120. [PMID: 33218695 PMCID: PMC7446613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic there was a ‘call to arms’ across the oral and maxillofacial staff. This article reports on the extended role of the department's dental care professionals (DCPs) and the tremendous opportunity and value that temporary redeployment presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Forrester
- Dental Nurse, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - G Fisher
- Dental Hygienist, DipDHE, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - C Y Chieng
- Dental Core Trainee, BDS, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - S N Rogers
- Consultant in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, FRCS (OMFS) MD, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP and Liverpool Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Liverpool University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomson CM, Alphey MS, Fisher G, da Silva RG. Mapping the Structural Path for Allosteric Inhibition of a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase by Histidine. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3078-3086. [PMID: 31251578 PMCID: PMC6685669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) catalyzes the first step of histidine biosynthesis, being allosterically inhibited by the final product of the pathway. Allosteric inhibition of long-form ATPPRTs by histidine has been extensively studied, but inhibition of short-form ATPPRTs is poorly understood. Short-form ATPPRTs are hetero-octamers formed by four catalytic subunits (HisGS) and four regulatory subunits (HisZ). HisGS alone is catalytically active and insensitive to histidine. HisZ enhances catalysis by HisGS in the absence of histidine but mediates allosteric inhibition in its presence. Here, steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics establish that histidine is a noncompetitive inhibitor of short-form ATPPRT and that inhibition does not occur by dissociating HisGS from the hetero-octamer. The crystal structure of ATPPRT in complex with histidine and the substrate 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate was determined, showing histidine bound solely to HisZ, with four histidine molecules per hetero-octamer. Histidine binding involves the repositioning of two HisZ loops. The histidine-binding loop moves closer to histidine to establish polar contacts. This leads to a hydrogen bond between its Tyr263 and His104 in the Asp101-Leu117 loop. The Asp101-Leu117 loop leads to the HisZ-HisGS interface, and in the absence of histidine, its motion prompts HisGS conformational changes responsible for catalytic activation. Following histidine binding, interaction with the histidine-binding loop may prevent the Asp101-Leu117 loop from efficiently sampling conformations conducive to catalytic activation. Tyr263Phe-PaHisZ-containing PaATPPRT, however, is less susceptible though not insensitive to histidine inhibition, suggesting the Tyr263-His104 interaction may be relevant to yet not solely responsible for transmission of the allosteric signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Thomson
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Magnus S Alphey
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Gemma Fisher
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Rafael G da Silva
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fisher G, Smith RD, Saridogan E, Vashisht A, Allen S, Arumuham V, Cutner A. Case selection for urological input in planned laparoscopic rectovaginal endometriosis surgery. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11:111-117. [PMID: 31824632 PMCID: PMC6897523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for deep endometriosis often requires input from urological surgeons. This study aims to determine pre-operative and intra-operative factors that influence the need for urological input in laparoscopic resection of rectovaginal endometriosis and to assess the usefulness of a scoring system to predict this. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 230 patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of deep endometriosis, at a tertiary referral centre for endometriosis in London UK, 2011 to 2015. Data from pre-operative assessment, surgery and post-operative follow up were analysed and patients were categorised according to their pre-operative and intra-operative risk factors. The primary outcome measure was the requirement of intra-operative input by urological surgeons. RESULTS The median age was 35 years. In addition to the excision of endometriosis, 19.6% patients (45 patients) underwent hysterectomy, 14.8% (34 patients) required JJ stent placement, 6.1% (14 patients) had bowel resections and 2.6% (6 patients) required an ileostomy. 93.9% (216 patients) were considered normal-risk pre-operatively, of whom 89.4% (193/216) did not require any intra-operative urological input. 10.6% of this normal-risk group (23/216) required JJ stents, of whom 69.6% (16/23) also required a hysterectomy or bowel resection. Post operative complications occurred in 0.9% (2/216) of normal-risk patients, with none having required intra-operative urological reconstruction.Six percent (14 patients) were deemed to be increased-risk pre-operatively, of whom 78.6% (11/14) required JJ stent insertion. Thirty-six percent of increased-risk patients (5/14) had pre-operative renal dysfunction demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA and 80.0% of these (4/5) required intra-operative ureteric reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Patients considered normal-risk pre-operatively, planned for excision, without hysterectomy or bowel resection, can be safely managed without specific urology input. Patients with risk-features are highly likely to require urological input, particularly for JJ stent insertion. Patients with pre-operative renal dysfunction, demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA, have a high chance of requiring intra-operative ureteric reconstruction and are best managed with pre-planned reconstructive urologist input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - RD Smith
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - E Saridogan
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - A Vashisht
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - S Allen
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - V Arumuham
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - A Cutner
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neal CA, Brantley SR, Antolik L, Babb JL, Burgess M, Calles K, Cappos M, Chang JC, Conway S, Desmither L, Dotray P, Elias T, Fukunaga P, Fuke S, Johanson IA, Kamibayashi K, Kauahikaua J, Lee RL, Pekalib S, Miklius A, Million W, Moniz CJ, Nadeau PA, Okubo P, Parcheta C, Patrick MR, Shiro B, Swanson DA, Tollett W, Trusdell F, Younger EF, Zoeller MH, Montgomery-Brown EK, Anderson KR, Poland MP, Ball JL, Bard J, Coombs M, Dietterich HR, Kern C, Thelen WA, Cervelli PF, Orr T, Houghton BF, Gansecki C, Hazlett R, Lundgren P, Diefenbach AK, Lerner AH, Waite G, Kelly P, Clor L, Werner C, Mulliken K, Fisher G, Damby D. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano. Science 2018; 363:367-374. [PMID: 30538164 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (M w) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M w 4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent-about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Neal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA.
| | - S R Brantley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Antolik
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J L Babb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Burgess
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Calles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Cappos
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J C Chang
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Conway
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Desmither
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Dotray
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - T Elias
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Fukunaga
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Fuke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - I A Johanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Kamibayashi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J Kauahikaua
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - R L Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Pekalib
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - A Miklius
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Million
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C J Moniz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P A Nadeau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Okubo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C Parcheta
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M R Patrick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - B Shiro
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - D A Swanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Tollett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - F Trusdell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - E F Younger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M H Zoeller
- Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - E K Montgomery-Brown
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - K R Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M P Poland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - J L Ball
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J Bard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - M Coombs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - H R Dietterich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - C Kern
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - W A Thelen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - P F Cervelli
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - T Orr
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - B F Houghton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1680 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - C Gansecki
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - R Hazlett
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - P Lundgren
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A K Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - A H Lerner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascades Hall, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - G Waite
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 630 Dow Environmental Sciences, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - P Kelly
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - L Clor
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - C Werner
- U.S. Geological Survey Contractor, 392 Tukapa St., RD1, New Plymouth 4371, New Zealand
| | - K Mulliken
- State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 3354 College Rd., Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA
| | - G Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Civil Applications Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS-562, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - D Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - M F Steger
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - A Sonnega
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - L H Ryan
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Graham K, Fisher G, Davalos D. VOLUNTEERISM IN OLDER ADULTHOOD: UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
17
|
Fisher G, Thomson CM, Stroek R, Czekster CM, Hirschi JS, da Silva RG. Allosteric Activation Shifts the Rate-Limiting Step in a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4357-4367. [PMID: 29940105 PMCID: PMC6128619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Short-form ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) is a hetero-octameric allosteric enzyme comprising four catalytic subunits (HisGS) and four regulatory subunits (HisZ). ATPPRT catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent condensation of ATP and 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to generate N1-(5-phospho-β-d-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) and pyrophosphate, the first reaction of histidine biosynthesis. While HisGS is catalytically active on its own, its activity is allosterically enhanced by HisZ in the absence of histidine. In the presence of histidine, HisZ mediates allosteric inhibition of ATPPRT. Here, initial velocity patterns, isothermal titration calorimetry, and differential scanning fluorimetry establish a distinct kinetic mechanism for ATPPRT where PRPP is the first substrate to bind. AMP is an inhibitor of HisGS, but steady-state kinetics and 31P NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that ADP is an alternative substrate. Replacement of Mg2+ by Mn2+ enhances catalysis by HisGS but not by the holoenzyme, suggesting different rate-limiting steps for nonactivated and activated enzyme forms. Density functional theory calculations posit an SN2-like transition state stabilized by two equivalents of the metal ion. Natural bond orbital charge analysis points to Mn2+ increasing HisGS reaction rate via more efficient charge stabilization at the transition state. High solvent viscosity increases HisGS's catalytic rate, but decreases the hetero-octamer's, indicating that chemistry and product release are rate-limiting for HisGS and ATPPRT, respectively. This is confirmed by pre-steady-state kinetics, with a burst in product formation observed with the hetero-octamer but not with HisGS. These results are consistent with an activation mechanism whereby HisZ binding leads to a more active conformation of HisGS, accelerating chemistry beyond the product release rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fisher
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Thomson
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Rozanne Stroek
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa M Czekster
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Rafael G da Silva
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Montagut C. Optimizing the use of EGFR antibodies across the continuum of care in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
19
|
Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Ducreux M. Treatment based on tumor sidedness in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
Bekaii-Saab T, Marcello K, Fisher G, Kopetz S, Strickler J, Venook A, Obholz K. Variability of current global practice patterns in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
21
|
Alphey MS, Fisher G, Ge Y, Gould ER, Machado TFG, Liu H, Florence GJ, Naismith JH, da Silva RG. Catalytic and Anticatalytic Snapshots of a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James H. Naismith
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Harbeck N. Application of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Andre F. Predictive biomarkers for CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Di Leo A. Management of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Sanders K, Lin CL, Smith AJ, Cronin N, Fisher G, Eftychidis V, McGlynn P, Savery NJ, Wigley DB, Dillingham MS. The structure and function of an RNA polymerase interaction domain in the PcrA/UvrD helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3875-3887. [PMID: 28160601 PMCID: PMC5397179 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PcrA/UvrD helicase functions in multiple pathways that promote bacterial genome stability including the suppression of conflicts between replication and transcription and facilitating the repair of transcribed DNA. The reported ability of PcrA/UvrD to bind and backtrack RNA polymerase (1,2) might be relevant to these functions, but the structural basis for this activity is poorly understood. In this work, we define a minimal RNA polymerase interaction domain in PcrA, and report its crystal structure at 1.5 Å resolution. The domain adopts a Tudor-like fold that is similar to other RNA polymerase interaction domains, including that of the prototype transcription-repair coupling factor Mfd. Removal or mutation of the interaction domain reduces the ability of PcrA/UvrD to interact with and to remodel RNA polymerase complexes in vitro. The implications of this work for our understanding of the role of PcrA/UvrD at the interface of DNA replication, transcription and repair are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sanders
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Abigail J Smith
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nora Cronin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gemma Fisher
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Peter McGlynn
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nigel J Savery
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dale B Wigley
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark S Dillingham
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Welsh KG, Rousseau K, Fisher G, Bonser LR, Bradding P, Brightling CE, Thornton DJ, Gaillard EA. MUC5AC and a Glycosylated Variant of MUC5B Alter Mucin Composition in Children With Acute Asthma. Chest 2017; 152:771-779. [PMID: 28716644 PMCID: PMC5624091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse airway mucus obstruction is an important feature of severe and fatal asthma. MUC5AC and MUC5B are the principal gel-forming mucins found in airway mucus. The mucin composition of airway mucus likely affects its functional properties. Methods We quantified the principal airway mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in the sputum of age-matched children with acute and stable asthma and healthy control subjects by using Western blotting. Results Sputum samples from 38 children (13 with acute asthma, 15 with stable asthma, 10 control subjects) were obtained. Sputum MUC5AC concentrations were 7.6 μg/mL in control subjects, 22.4 μg/mL in those with stable asthma (P = .17), and 44.7 μg/mL in those with acute asthma (P < .05). MUC5B concentrations showed less variation, with 238.5, 208.4 and 165.9 μg/mL in control subjects, those with stable asthma, and those with acute asthma, respectively. The greater MUC5AC concentration in those with acute asthma resulted in a significantly altered MUC5B:MUC5AC ratio between control subjects and those with acute asthma (P < .05). Significant differences in MUC5B glycoforms were present between the groups, with the low-charge-only glycoform being found uniquely in those with acute asthma. Conclusions Increased MUC5AC and the presence of a low-charge-only MUC5B glycoform significantly altered mucin composition in children with acute asthma. These changes may be important contributory factors to the airway mucus obstruction observed during acute asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Welsh
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, and University Hospitals Leicester, Children's Hospital, Leicester, England
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Gemma Fisher
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, and University Hospitals Leicester, Children's Hospital, Leicester, England
| | - Luke R Bonser
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, and Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, and University Hospitals Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, England
| | - Chris E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, and Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, and University Hospitals Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, England
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Erol A Gaillard
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, and University Hospitals Leicester, Children's Hospital, Leicester, England.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hochfellner D, Gutierrez I, Fisher G. INDIVIDUAL, EMPLOYER, AND JOB-RELATED INFLUENCES ON LATE WORK CAREERS OUTCOMES AND WORK ABILITY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Fisher
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Natalie Ciccone
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology and Social Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder (incidence 1:33 000-40 000) characterized by formation of central nervous system tumors, due to mutation in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22q12. Vestibular schwannomas are the hallmark lesion, affecting 95% of individuals and typically occur bilaterally. Schwannomas commonly occur on other nerves intracranially and in the spinal compartment, along with meningiomas, ependymomas, and gliomas. Although histologically benign, tumors are associated with significant morbidity due to multiple problems including hearing and vision loss, gait abnormalities, paralysis, pain, and seizures. Risk of early mortality from brainstem compression and other complications is significant. Severity of disease is higher when NF2 presents during childhood. Children have a more variable presentation, which can be associated with significant delays in recognition of the condition. Careful examination of the skin and eyes can identify important clinical signs of NF2 during childhood, allowing timely initiation of disease-specific surveillance and treatment. Monitoring for complications comprises clinical evaluation, along with functional testing including audiology and serial neuroimaging, which together inform decisions regarding treatment. Evidence for disease-specific medical treatment options is increasing, nevertheless most patients will benefit from multimodal treatment including surgery during their lifetime. Patient enrolment in international natural history and treatment trials offers the best opportunity to accelerate our understanding of the complications and optimal treatment of NF2, with a view to improving outcomes for all affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ardern-Holmes
- 1 TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gemma Fisher
- 2 Sydney Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn North
- 3 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fader A, Diaz L, Armstrong D, Tanner E, Uram J, Eyring A, Wang H, Fisher G, Greten T, Le D. Preliminary results of a phase II study: PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair–deficient, recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Wang F, Calderone K, Smith N, Do T, Kang S, Voorhees J, Fisher G. 268 Enhanced dermal mechanical support rapidly stimulates fibroblasts and stable accumulation of collagen bundles in photoaged human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
32
|
Rittié L, Farr E, Orringer J, Voorhees J, Fisher G. 296 Reduced sweat gland contribution and cell cohesion delay wound closure in elderly skin. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Wang P, Sun M, Xu Y, Xu Y, Voorhees J, Fisher G, Li Y. 267 Once weekly topical all-trans retinol restores type I collagen synthesis in photoaged forearm skin within 4 weeks: A protocol for evaluating anti-aging topical agents. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Fisher G. Managing young people with self-harming or suicidal behaviour. Nurs Child Young People 2016; 28:25-31. [PMID: 26856575 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.28.1.25.s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review aimed to determine the risk factors being used to identify children and young people who are at increased risk of engaging in self-harm and suicidal behaviour, so that optimal care can be provided for this patient group in children's medical ward settings. The two main themes that emerged were mental and neurodevelopmental disorders, and external factors. Management strategies to aid healthcare professionals in caring for this patient group were also identified. The review concludes by highlighting the need to provide healthcare professionals with continuing education about the mental health problems of children and young people, including risk factors and management strategies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fisher G, Foster C. Examining the Needs of Paediatric Nurses Caring for Children and Young People Presenting with Self-Harm/Suicidal Behaviour on General Paediatric Wards: Findings from a Small-Scale Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2015.1118013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
36
|
Cuzick J, Stone S, Fisher G, Yang ZH, North BV, Berney DM, Beltran L, Greenberg D, Møller H, Reid JE, Gutin A, Lanchbury JS, Brawer M, Scardino P. Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting death from prostate cancer in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:382-9. [PMID: 26103570 PMCID: PMC4522632 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of prostate cancer is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS Paraffin sections from 761 men with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was prostate cancer death. Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 men who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), P<10(-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), P<10(-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57), χ(2)=89.0, P<10(-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which patients can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S Stone
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G Fisher
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Z H Yang
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B V North
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Beltran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D Greenberg
- National Cancer Registration Service (Eastern Office), Public Health England, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Møller
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J E Reid
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Gutin
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - M Brawer
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Carter C, Reid T, Fisher G, Cho-Phan C, Kunz P, Kaiser H, Oronsky B, Fanger G, Caroen S, Parker C, Scicinski J. Early Results: “ROCKET” a phase II Study of RRx-001, a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to Irinotecan in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv081.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
38
|
Cuzick J, Stone S, Fisher G, North B, Berney D, Beltran L, Greenberg D, Moller H, Reid J, Gutin A, Lanchbury J, Brawer M, Scardino P. Combined Analysis of an Rna Cell Cycle Progression (Ccp) Score for Predicting Prostate Cancer Death in Two Conservatively Managed Needle Biopsy Cohorts. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu336.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
39
|
Merson S, Yang ZH, Brewer D, Olmos D, Eichholz A, McCarthy F, Fisher G, Kovacs G, Berney DM, Foster CS, Møller H, Scardino P, Cuzick J, Cooper CS, Clark JP. Focal amplification of the androgen receptor gene in hormone-naive human prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1655-62. [PMID: 24481405 PMCID: PMC3960602 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR)-gene amplification, found in 20-30% of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) is proposed to develop as a consequence of hormone-deprivation therapy and be a prime cause of treatment failure. Here we investigate AR-gene amplification in cancers before hormone deprivation therapy. METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) series of 596 hormone-naive prostate cancers (HNPCas) was screened for chromosome X and AR-gene locus-specific copy number alterations using four-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Both high level gain in chromosome X (≥4 fold; n=4, 0.7%) and locus-specific amplification of the AR-gene (n=6, 1%) were detected at low frequencies in HNPCa TMAs. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation mapping whole sections taken from the original HNPCa specimen blocks demonstrated that AR-gene amplifications exist in small foci of cells (≤ 600 nm, ≤1% of tumour volume). Patients with AR gene-locus-specific copy number gains had poorer prostate cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSION Small clonal foci of cancer containing high level gain of the androgen receptor (AR)-gene develop before hormone deprivation therapy. Their small size makes detection by TMA inefficient and suggests a higher prevalence than that reported herein. It is hypothesised that a large proportion of AR-amplified CRPCa could pre-date hormone deprivation therapy and that these patients would potentially benefit from early total androgen ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Merson
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - Z H Yang
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - D Brewer
- 1] Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK [2] Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - D Olmos
- Prostate Cancer Research, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Eichholz
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - F McCarthy
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - G Fisher
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - G Kovacs
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - C S Foster
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK and HCA Laboratories, London, UK
| | - H Møller
- 1] The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK [2] King's College London, Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - P Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Cuzick
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - C S Cooper
- Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J P Clark
- Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Molugu C, Fisher G, Hirons B, Hughes D, Raftery S. P151 V-DimERS Study - Value of D-Dimers in Estimating Risk of Significant Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis: Abstract P151 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
41
|
Spooner B, Fisher G. Peri-operative fitness: a question of stamina? Anaesthesia 2013; 68:1280-1. [PMID: 24219263 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Krishnan M, Beck S, Cowen O, Hughes M, Havelock W, Eeles E, Hubbard R, Johansen A, Michael A, Teo PJ, Fisher G, Duggan E, Donoghue O, Savva G, Cronin H, Kenny R, Finucane C, Bhutta T, Musarrat K, Lakhani D, Musarrat K, Bhutta T, Kumar M, Bridge D, Patel A, Lakhani D, Marchetti R, Bullman N, Srikusalankul W, Varendran R, Anderson-Ranberg K, Ryg J, Vestergaard S, Eriksen ML, Masud T. Falls, fracture and trauma. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
43
|
Robinson R, Nelson C, Kisling K, Fisher G, Kirsner S. SU-E-T-334: APBI Contralateral Breast Dose. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
44
|
Cuzick J, Yang ZH, Fisher G, Tikishvili E, Stone S, Lanchbury JS, Camacho N, Merson S, Brewer D, Cooper CS, Clark J, Berney DM, Møller H, Scardino P, Sangale Z. Prognostic value of PTEN loss in men with conservatively managed localised prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2582-9. [PMID: 23695019 PMCID: PMC3694239 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The natural history of prostate cancer is highly variable and difficult to predict. We report on the prognostic value of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss in a cohort of 675 men with conservatively managed prostate cancer diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods: The PTEN status was assayed by immunohistochemistry (PTEN IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PTEN FISH). The primary end point was death from prostate cancer. Results: The PTEN IHC loss was observed in 18% cases. This was significantly associated with prostate cancer death in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR)=3.51; 95% CI 2.60–4.73; P=3.1 × 10−14). It was highly predictive of prostate cancer death in the 50% of patients with a low risk score based on Gleason score, PSA, Ki-67 and extent of disease (HR=7.4; 95% CI 2.2–24.6; P=0.012) ), but had no prognostic value in the higher risk patients. The PTEN FISH loss was only weakly associated with PTEN IHC loss (κ=0.5). Both PTEN FISH loss and amplification were univariately predictive of death from prostate cancer, but this was not maintained in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion: In low-risk patients, PTEN IHC loss adds prognostic value to Gleason score, PSA, Ki-67 and extent of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ahmad I, Singh LB, Yang ZH, Kalna G, Fleming J, Fisher G, Cooper C, Cuzick J, Berney DM, Møller H, Scardino P, Leung HY. Mir143 expression inversely correlates with nuclear ERK5 immunoreactivity in clinical prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:149-54. [PMID: 23321517 PMCID: PMC3553517 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MEK5)–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5)-mediated signalling has been implicated in a number of tumour types including prostate cancer (CaP). The mechanism for ERK5 activation in CaP remains to be fully elucidated. Studies have recently implicated the role of microRNA (miRNA) mir143 expression in the regulation of ERK5 expression. Methods: We utilised a tissue microarray (TMA) of 530 CaP cores from 168 individual patients and stained for both mir143 and ERK5. These TMAs were scored by a combination of observer and automated methods. Results: We observed a strong inverse relation between ERK5 and mir143, which manifested itself most strongly in the subgroup of 417 cores with non-zero mir143 and ERK5 immunoreactivity, or with only one of mir143 or ERK5 being zero (cc=0.2558 and P<0.0001). Mir143 neither correlate with Gleason scores or prostate-specific antigen levels, nor was it a predictor of disease-specific survival on univariate analysis. Conclusion: Although the mechanism for ERK5 activation in CaP remains to be fully elucidated, we have further validated the potential role of mir143 in regulating ERK5 levels in the clinical context. In addition, we demonstrate that the automated counting method for nuclear ERK5 is a clinically useful alterative to observer counting method in patient stratification in the context of ERK5 targeting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fisher G, Ramadan H, Thomson O. Can a high-velocity low-amplitude thrust manipulation of C1-2 affect active depression of the temporomandibular joint in a symptomatic population? INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Khoshkhahesh F, Siahkuhain M, Fisher G, Nakhostin-Roohi B. Influence of a low-dose cox-2 inhibitor drug on exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Biol Sport 2013; 30:61-5. [PMID: 24744468 PMCID: PMC3944556 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1029824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute low-dose celecoxib administration on exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Twenty healthy untrained males (age: 25.5±4.5 yrs, weight: 72.7±7.9 kg, height: 177.3±7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to treatment (T) or placebo (P) groups. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, 3 h after and 24 h after exercise. Subjects ran for 30 min at 75% V.O2 max on a treadmill. Participants consumed 100 mg celecoxib or a placebo immediately after and 12 h after the immediately post-exercise blood sample. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at each time point. Significant increases in total leukocytes and neutrophils were observed 3 h after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05). CK and CRP levels were significantly increased immediately, 3 h and 24 h after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05). A significant increase in MDA was observed immediately after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05); however, no significant group differences were observed for MDA or CK. These findings suggest that inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase activity with low-dose celecoxib does not affect exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage, or lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Khoshkhahesh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - M Siahkuhain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Iran
| | - G Fisher
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - B Nakhostin-Roohi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fisher G, Yang ZH, Kudahetti S, Møller H, Scardino P, Cuzick J, Berney DM. Prognostic value of Ki-67 for prostate cancer death in a conservatively managed cohort. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:271-7. [PMID: 23329234 PMCID: PMC3566811 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Standard clinical parameters cannot accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Our previous work showed that immunohistochemical (IHC) Ki-67 improved prediction of prostate cancer death in a cohort of conservatively treated clinically localised prostate cancers diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Here, we present results in a more clinically relevant needle biopsy cohort. Methods: Biopsy specimens were microarrayed. The percentage of Ki-67 positively stained malignant cells per core was measured and the maximum score per individual used in analysis of time to death from prostate cancer using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In univariate analysis (n=293), the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals) for dichotomous Ki-67 (⩽10%, >10%) was 3.42 (1.76, 6.62) χ2 (1 df)=9.8, P=0.002. In multivariate analysis, Ki-67 added significant predictive information to that provided by Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen (HR=2.78 (1.42, 5.46), χ2 (1 df)=7.0, P=0.008). Conclusion: The IHC Ki-67 scoring on prostate needle biopsies is practicable and yielded significant prognostic information. It was less informative than in the previous TURP cohort where tumour samples were larger and more comprehensive, but in more contemporary cohorts with larger numbers of biopsies per patient, Ki-67 may prove a more powerful biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Staley KG, Fisher G, Brightling CE, Bradding P, Parker D, Gaillard EA. S79 Sputum Inflammatory Cell Profile in Children with Acute Asthma and Following Recovery: Abstract S79 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
50
|
Jeetle SS, Fisher G, Yang ZH, Stankiewicz E, Møller H, Cooper CS, Cuzick J, Berney DM. Neuroendocrine differentiation does not have independent prognostic value in conservatively treated prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:103-7. [PMID: 22767265 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have implicated neuroendocrine differentiation in the development of hormone resistant prostate cancer following administration of androgen blockers. Studies on clinical material are equivocal. We wished to understand the significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in our large and well-characterised cohort of clinically localised prostate cancer, treated conservatively. Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranin-A was assessed semi-quantitatively on tissue samples of 806 patients in a tissue microarray approach. The correlation of expression with 10-year prostate cancer survival was examined. Multivariate analysis including contemporary Gleason score was performed and sub-group analysis of early hormone treated patients was also undertaken. Chromogranin-A expression correlated with high Gleason score (χ(2) = 28.35, p < 0.001) and early prostate cancer death (HR = 1.61, 95 %CI = 1.15-2.27, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, NE differentiation correlated significantly with outcome (HR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.15-2.27, p < 0.001) However in multivariate analysis including Gleason score, chromogranin-A expression was not an independent predictor of survival (HR = 0.97, 95 %CI = 0.89-1.37, p = 0.87). Although chromogranin-A expression was higher in patients with early hormone therapy (χ(2) = 7.25, p = 0.007), there was no association with prostate cancer survival in this sub-group (p = 0.083). Determination of neuroendocrine differentiation does not appear to have any bearing on the outcome of prostatic carcinoma and does not add to the established prognostic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Jeetle
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|