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da Encarnação SGA, Flores P, Magalhães D, Afonso G, Pereira A, Fonseca RB, Ribeiro J, Silva-Santos S, Teixeira JE, Monteiro AM, Ferraz R, Branquinho L, Forte P. The Influence of Abdominal Adiposity and Physical Fitness on Obesity Status of Portuguese Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11213. [PMID: 36141486 PMCID: PMC9517613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between abdominal adiposity and physical fitness in the obesity status of Portuguese adolescents. BMI, abdominal adiposity, and physical fitness tests from the FITescola® were evaluated in a total of 654 Portuguese adolescents, aged 10-19 years old-male: n = 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%). For the final model, BMI was positively related with age (β = 0.25), abdominal adiposity (β = 0.313), horizontal jump (β = -0.100), 40 m maximal velocity (β = 0.274), and aerobic fitness (β = -0.250, R2 = 0.75, F = 382.2, and p = 0.0001). We conclude that higher age and abdominal adiposity are positively related with a higher adolescent BMI. Furthermore, lower horizontal jump distances and worse times on the 40 m maximal velocity were inversely related with a higher adolescent BMI, and lower aerobic fitness was inversely related with a higher adolescent BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Flores
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - David Magalhães
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Gil Afonso
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Albino Pereira
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Rui Brito Fonseca
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva-Santos
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Gaspar-Cordeiro A, Afonso G, Amaral C, da Silva SM, Pimentel C. Zap1 is required for Candida glabrata response to fluconazole. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6510815. [PMID: 35040997 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. strongly hinders the widespread use of the drug. To tackle this problem, great efforts have been made to fully understand the fungal response to fluconazole. In this work, we show that the role of Zap1 in Candida glabrata goes beyond regulating yeast adaptation to zinc deficiency. In line with our previous observation that deletion of ZAP1 makes yeast cells more sensitive to fluconazole, we found that the mutant CgΔzap1 accumulates higher levels of the drug, which correlates well with its lower levels of ergosterol. Surprisingly, Zap1 is a negative regulator of the drug efflux transporter gene CDR1 and of its regulator, PDR1. The apparent paradox of drug accumulation in cells where genes encoding transporters relevant for drug extrusion are being overexpressed led us to postulate that their activity could be impaired. In agreement, Zap1-depleted cells present, in addition to decreased ergosterol levels, an altered composition of membrane phospholipids, which together should impact membrane function and impair the detoxification of fluconazole. Overall, our study brings to light Zap1 as an important hub in Candida glabrata response to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaspar-Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - G Afonso
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Amaral
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S M da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Pimentel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Abstract
Environmental factors are the main contributors to type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis, yet they remain unidentified. Enteroviruses are proposed candidate triggers due to temporal correlations between infection and T1D autoimmunity and to detection of viral proteins in diseased islets. However, such correlations are not universal and may be relatively uncommon. Furthermore, evidence of a cause-effect relationship is lacking, as infection of non-obese diabetic mice with Coxsackie enteroviruses can either trigger or blunt disease. The proposed mechanisms are either non-antigen-specific (i.e. β-cell destruction and release of sequestered antigens, islet inflammation) or antigen-specific (i.e. epitope mimicry, by which immune responses to enteroviruses may be diverted against homologous β-cell antigens). The case for the latter mechanisms is even less stringent, as there is little evidence of promiscuous antigen recognition at the single T-cell level. Other infectious agents may thus be implicated. Demonstration of their role will require fulfilling the Koch's postulates, namely isolation of the agent preferentially in T1D patients, including before disease onset; and T1D induction when the agent is inoculated into mice. The same is needed for cross-reactive T cells to support epitope mimicry mechanisms. Generation of alternative (humanized) mouse models that could be challenged with candidate microbes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Afonso
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, DeAR Lab Avenir, Paris, France
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Scotto M, Afonso G, Larger E, Raverdy C, Lemonnier F, Carel J, Dubois-Laforgue D, Baz B, Levy D, Gautier J, Launey O, Bruno G, Boitard C, Sechi L, Hutton J, Davidson H, Mallone R. Zinc transporter (ZnT)8(186-194) is an immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope in HLA-A2+ type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2026-31. [PMID: 22526607 PMCID: PMC3740540 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Anti-zinc transporter (ZnT)8 autoantibodies are commonly detected in type 1 diabetic patients. We hypothesised that ZnT8 is also recognised by CD8(+) T cells and aimed to identify HLA-A2 (A*02:01)-restricted epitope targets. METHODS Candidate epitopes were selected by ZnT8 plasmid DNA immunisation of HLA-A2/DQ8 transgenic mice and tested for T cell recognition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 1 diabetic, type 2 diabetic and healthy participants by IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot. RESULTS White HLA-A2(+) adults (83%) and children (60%) with type 1 diabetes displayed ZnT8-reactive CD8(+) T cells that recognised a single ZnT8(186-194) (VAANIVLTV) epitope. This ZnT8(186-194)-reactive fraction accounted for 50% to 53% of total ZnT8-specific CD8(+) T cells. Another sequence, ZnT8(153-161) (VVTGVLVYL), was recognised in 20% and 25% of type 1 diabetic adults and children, respectively. Both epitopes were type 1 diabetes-specific, being marginally recognised by type 2 diabetic and healthy participants (7-12% for ZnT8(186-194), 0% for ZnT8(153-161)). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION ZnT8-reactive CD8(+) T cells are predominantly directed against the ZnT8(186-194) epitope and are detected in a majority of type 1 diabetic patients. The exceptional immunodominance of ZnT8(186-194) may point to common environmental triggers precipitating beta cell autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Scotto
- INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - G. Afonso
- INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - E. Larger
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - C. Raverdy
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Paris, France
- Paris 7 Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - F.A. Lemonnier
- INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - J.C. Carel
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Paris, France
- Paris 7 Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - D. Dubois-Laforgue
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - B. Baz
- Paris 7 Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Louis Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - D. Levy
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - J.F. Gautier
- Paris 7 Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Louis Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - O. Launey
- INSERM CIC BT505, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - G. Bruno
- University of Turin, Departement of Internal Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - C. Boitard
- INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
| | - L.A. Sechi
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, Sassari, Italy
| | - J.C. Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H.W. Davidson
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R. Mallone
- INSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Paris, France
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Madec AM, Mallone R, Afonso G, Abou Mrad E, Mesnier A, Eljaafari A, Thivolet C. Mesenchymal stem cells protect NOD mice from diabetes by inducing regulatory T cells. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1391-9. [PMID: 19421731 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Displaying immunomodulatory capacities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as beneficial agents for autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of MSCs to prevent autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse model. METHODS Prevention of spontaneous insulitis or of diabetes was evaluated after a single i.v. injection of MSCs in 4-week-old female NOD mice, or following the co-injection of MSCs and diabetogenic T cells in irradiated male NOD recipients, respectively. The frequency of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) cells and Foxp3 mRNA levels in the spleen of male NOD recipients were also quantified. In vivo cell homing was assessed by monitoring 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled T cells or MSCs. In vitro, cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed by adding graded doses of irradiated MSCs to insulin B9-23 peptide-specific T cell lines in the presence of irradiated splenocytes pulsed with the peptide. RESULTS MSCs reduced the capacity of diabetogenic T cells to infiltrate pancreatic islets and to transfer diabetes. This protective effect was not associated with the modification of diabetogenic T cell homing, but correlated with a preferential migration of MSCs to pancreatic lymph nodes. While injection of diabetogenic T cells resulted in a decrease in levels of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells, this decrease was inhibited by MSC co-transfer. Moreover, MSCs were able to suppress both allogeneic and insulin-specific proliferative responses in vitro. This suppressive effect was associated with the induction of IL10-secreting FOXP3(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MSCs prevent autoimmune beta cell destruction and subsequent diabetes by inducing regulatory T cells. MSCs may thus offer a novel cell-based approach for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes and for islet cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Madec
- INSERM U870/INRA 1235, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, 165 chemin du Grand-Revoyet, Oullins, France.
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Andrade N, Ferreira J, Mourão J, Oliveira J, Gomes S, Afonso G. [Loco-regional anesthesia in vascular surgery]. Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2008; 15:211-215. [PMID: 19305881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per-operative management of patients with cardiovascular pathology, has been regarded, since ever, as a challenge for anesthesiologists and vascular surgeons. Vascular disease, often diffuse and asymptomatic, has a high prevalence in the community and is associated to an annual mortality rate of 12%. This requires that anesthetic technique should be concentrated in the preservation of myocardial, renal, pulmonary and cerebral functions, during the hemodynamic alterations related to surgery, in order to lower the per-operative complications and to promote faster and safer post-operative recovery. In this paper we describe the experience of the Anesthesiology Department of S. Joatilde;o Hospital, Porto, particulary with the superficial and deep cervical plexus block, in carotid endarterectomy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andrade
- Serviço de Anestesiologia do Hospital de S. João, Porto
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Andrade N, Ferreira J, Mourao J, Gomes S, Afonso G, Tavares J. 478. Hemodynamic Instability During Carotid Endarterectomy: General Anesthesia vs Cervical Plexus Block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-200809001-00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Andrade N, Ferreira J, Mourao J, Gomes S, Afonso G, Tavares J. 472. Regional Block Anaesthesia vs General Anaesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-200809001-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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