1
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Boucau J, Uddin R, Marino C, Regan J, Flynn JP, Choudhary MC, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Mathews J, Liew MY, Singh A, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Vyas JM, Turbett SE, Li JZ, Lemieux JE, Barczak AK, Siedner MJ. Characterization of Virologic Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e526-e529. [PMID: 35737946 PMCID: PMC9384370 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We enrolled 7 individuals with recurrent symptoms or antigen test conversion following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment. High viral loads (median 6.1 log10 copies/mL) were detected after rebound for a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P Flynn
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manish C Choudhary
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Josh Mathews
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - May Y Liew
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zahra Reynolds
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Surabhi L Iyer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tammy D Vyas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Z Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Seaman MS, Siedner MJ, Boucau J, Lavine CL, Ghantous F, Liew MY, Mathews JI, Singh A, Marino C, Regan J, Uddin R, Choudhary MC, Flynn JP, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Lipiner T, Kittilson A, Melberg M, Gilbert RF, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Vyas JM, Goldberg MB, Luban J, Li JZ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE. Vaccine breakthrough infection leads to distinct profiles of neutralizing antibody responses by SARS-CoV-2 variant. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e159944. [PMID: 36214224 PMCID: PMC9675445 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination may differ by variant. We enrolled vaccinated (n = 39) and unvaccinated (n = 11) individuals with acute, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron infection and performed SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and variant-specific antibody characterization at the time of acute illness and convalescence. Viral load at the time of infection was inversely correlated with antibody binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Across all variants tested, convalescent neutralization titers in unvaccinated individuals were markedly lower than in vaccinated individuals. Increases in antibody titers and neutralizing activity occurred at convalescence in a variant-specific manner. For example, among individuals infected with the Delta variant, neutralizing antibody responses were weakest against BA.2, whereas infection with Omicron BA.1 variant generated a broader response against all tested variants, including BA.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fadi Ghantous
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - May Y. Liew
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arshdeep Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Taryn Lipiner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Reynolds
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy D. Vyas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- UMass Med School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Boucau J, Marino C, Regan J, Uddin R, Choudhary MC, Flynn JP, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Mathews J, Liew MY, Singh A, Lipiner T, Kittilson A, Melberg M, Li Y, Gilbert RF, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Goldberg MB, Vyas JM, Li JZ, Lemieux JE, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK. Duration of Shedding of Culturable Virus in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) Infection. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:275-277. [PMID: 35767428 PMCID: PMC9258747 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2202092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - May Y Liew
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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4
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Seaman MS, Siedner MJ, Boucau J, Lavine CL, Ghantous F, Liew MY, Mathews J, Singh A, Marino C, Regan J, Uddin R, Choudhary MC, Flynn JP, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Lipiner T, Kittilson A, Melberg M, Gilbert RF, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Vyas JM, Goldberg MB, Luban J, Li JZ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE. Vaccine Breakthrough Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron (BA.1) Variant Leads to Distinct Profiles of Neutralizing Antibody Responses. medRxiv 2022:2022.03.02.22271731. [PMID: 35262094 PMCID: PMC8902886 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.02.22271731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated individuals is variant-specific, suggesting that protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may differ by variant. We enrolled vaccinated (n = 39) and unvaccinated (n = 11) individuals with acute, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron infection and performed SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and variant-specific antibody characterization at the time of acute illness and convalescence. Viral load at the time of infection was inversely correlated with antibody binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Increases in antibody titers and neutralizing activity occurred at convalescence in a variant-specific manner. Across all variants tested, convalescent neutralization titers in unvaccinated individuals were markedly lower than in vaccinated individuals. For individuals infected with the Delta variant, neutralizing antibody responses were weakest against BA.2, whereas infection with Omicron BA.1 variant generated a broader response against all tested variants, including BA.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - May Y Liew
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jatin M Vyas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- UMass Med School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy K Barczak
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Boucau J, Marino C, Regan J, Uddin R, Choudhary MC, Flynn JP, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Mathews J, Liew MY, Singh A, Lipiner T, Kittilson A, Melberg M, Li Y, Gilbert RF, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Goldberg MB, Vyas JM, Li JZ, Lemieux JE, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK. Duration of viable virus shedding in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection. medRxiv 2022:2022.03.01.22271582. [PMID: 35262089 PMCID: PMC8902872 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.01.22271582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, including incubation period and transmission rates, distinguish this variant from preceding variants. However, whether the duration of shedding of viable virus differs between omicron and previous variants is not well understood. To characterize how variant and vaccination status impact shedding of viable virus, we serially sampled symptomatic outpatients newly diagnosed with COVID-19. Anterior nasal swabs were tested for viral load, sequencing, and viral culture. Time to PCR conversion was similar between individuals infected with the Delta and the Omicron variant. Time to culture conversion was also similar, with a median time to culture conversion of 6 days (interquartile range 4-8 days) in both groups. There were also no differences in time to PCR or culture conversion by vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - May Y. Liew
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Communicating author:
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6
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Siedner MJ, Boucau J, Gilbert RF, Uddin R, Luu J, Haneuse S, Vyas T, Reynolds Z, Iyer S, Chamberlin GC, Goldstein RH, North CM, Sacks CA, Regan J, Flynn JP, Choudhary MC, Vyas JM, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE, Li JZ. Duration of viral shedding and culture positivity with post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 delta variant infections. JCI Insight 2021; 7:155483. [PMID: 34871181 PMCID: PMC8855795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation guidelines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are largely derived from data collected prior to the emergence of the delta variant. We followed a cohort of ambulatory patients with postvaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections with longitudinal collection of nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and viral culture. All delta variant infections in our cohort were symptomatic, compared with 64% of non-delta variant infections. Symptomatic delta variant breakthrough infections were characterized by higher initial viral load, longer duration of virologic shedding by PCR, greater likelihood of replication-competent virus at early stages of infection, and longer duration of culturable virus compared with non-delta variants. The duration of time since vaccination was also correlated with both duration of PCR positivity and duration of detection of replication-competent virus. Nonetheless, no individuals with symptomatic delta variant infections had replication-competent virus by day 10 after symptom onset or 24 hours after resolution of symptoms. These data support US CDC isolation guidelines as of November 2021, which recommend isolation for 10 days or until symptom resolution and reinforce the importance of prompt testing and isolation among symptomatic individuals with delta breakthrough infections. Additional data are needed to evaluate these relationships among asymptomatic and more severe delta variant breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Rebecca F Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Luu
- Department of Biostatistics, TH Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, TH Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Tammy Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Zahra Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Surabhi Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Grace C Chamberlin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Robert H Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Crystal M North
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Chana A Sacks
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - James Regan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - James P Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Manish C Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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7
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Freeman EE, Chamberlin GC, McMahon DE, Hruza GJ, Wall D, Meah N, Sinclair R, Balogh EA, Feldman SR, Lowes MA, Marzano AV, Naik HB, Castelo-Soccio L, Lara-Corrales I, Cordoro KM, Mahil SK, Griffiths CEM, Smith CH, Irvine AD, Spuls PI, Flohr C, French LE. Dermatology COVID-19 Registries: Updates and Future Directions. Dermatol Clin 2021; 39:575-585. [PMID: 34556247 PMCID: PMC8165090 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Grace C Chamberlin
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devon E McMahon
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - George J Hruza
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dmitri Wall
- Hair Restoration Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland; National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nekma Meah
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, Marshalls Cross Road, St. Helens WA9 3DA, UK; Manchester University, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Rodney Sinclair
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Esther A Balogh
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Angelo V Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Haley B Naik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelly M Cordoro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Public Health and Epidemiology; Immunity and Infections, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Munich University of Ludwig Maximilian, Munich, Germany; Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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8
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Fathy RA, McMahon DE, Lee C, Chamberlin GC, Rosenbach M, Lipoff JB, Tyagi A, Desai SR, French LE, Lim HW, Thiers BH, Hruza GJ, Fassett M, Fox LP, Greenberg HL, Blumenthal K, Freeman EE. Varicella-zoster and herpes simplex virus reactivation post-COVID-19 vaccination: a review of 40 cases in an International Dermatology Registry. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e6-e9. [PMID: 34487581 PMCID: PMC8656951 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Fathy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D E McMahon
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Las Vegas School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - G C Chamberlin
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J B Lipoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Tyagi
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S R Desai
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Innovative Dermatology, Plano, TX, USA
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Munich University of Ludwig Maximilian, Munich, Germany.,Dr. Philip Frost, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - B H Thiers
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of SC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - G J Hruza
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Fassett
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L P Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - K Blumenthal
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E E Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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