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Bhargava A, Szachnowski U, Chazal M, Foretek D, Caval V, Aicher SM, Pipoli da Fonseca J, Jeannin P, Beauclair G, Monot M, Morillon A, Jouvenet N. Transcriptomic analysis of sorted lung cells revealed a proviral activity of the NF-κB pathway toward SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2023; 26:108449. [PMID: 38213785 PMCID: PMC10783605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations of cellular responses to viral infection are commonly performed on mixed populations of infected and uninfected cells or using single-cell RNA sequencing, leading to inaccurate and low-resolution gene expression interpretations. Here, we performed deep polyA+ transcriptome analyses and novel RNA profiling of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected lung epithelial cells, sorted based on the expression of the viral spike (S) protein. Infection caused a massive reduction in mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including transcripts coding for antiviral factors, such as interferons (IFNs). This absence of IFN signaling probably explained the poor transcriptomic response of bystander cells co-cultured with S+ ones. NF-κB pathway and the inflammatory response escaped the global shutoff in S+ cells. Functional investigations revealed the proviral function of the NF-κB pathway and the antiviral activity of CYLD, a negative regulator of the pathway. Thus, our transcriptomic analysis on sorted cells revealed additional genes that modulate SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Bhargava
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ugo Szachnowski
- CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne University, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dominika Foretek
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne University, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Caval
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie-Marie Aicher
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Patricia Jeannin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Monot
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biomics Platform, C2RT, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne University, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France
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Vabret N, Najburg V, Solovyov A, Gopal R, McClain C, Šulc P, Balan S, Rahou Y, Beauclair G, Chazal M, Varet H, Legendre R, Sismeiro O, Sanchez David RY, Chauveau L, Jouvenet N, Markowitz M, van der Werf S, Schwartz O, Tangy F, Bhardwaj N, Greenbaum BD, Komarova AV. Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1. iScience 2022; 25:104599. [PMID: 35789859 PMCID: PMC9250025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) protect against microbial invasion by detecting specific molecular patterns found in pathogens and initiating an immune response. Although microbial-derived PRR ligands have been extensively characterized, the contribution and relevance of endogenous ligands to PRR activation remains overlooked. Here, we characterize the landscape of endogenous ligands that engage RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) upon infection by different RNA viruses. In each infection, several RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol3) specifically engaged RLRs, particularly the family of Y RNAs. Sensing of Y RNAs was dependent on their mimicking of viral secondary structure and their 5'-triphosphate extremity. Further, we found that HIV-1 triggered a VPR-dependent downregulation of RNA triphosphatase DUSP11 in vitro and in vivo, inducing a transcriptome-wide change of cellular RNA 5'-triphosphorylation that licenses Y RNA immunogenicity. Overall, our work uncovers the contribution of endogenous RNAs to antiviral immunity and demonstrates the importance of this pathway in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vabret
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valérie Najburg
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Solovyov
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramya Gopal
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher McClain
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Petr Šulc
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sreekumar Balan
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yannis Rahou
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and EpiGenome Platform, BioMics, Center of Innovation and Technological Research, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Hub Informatique et Biostatistique, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 IP-CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and EpiGenome Platform, BioMics, Center of Innovation and Technological Research, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Hub Informatique et Biostatistique, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 IP-CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Odile Sismeiro
- Transcriptome and EpiGenome Platform, BioMics, Center of Innovation and Technological Research, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Raul Y. Sanchez David
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lise Chauveau
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martin Markowitz
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Extra-mural Member, Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anastassia V. Komarova
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France
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3
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Lesage S, Chazal M, Beauclair G, Batalie D, Cerboni S, Couderc E, Lescure A, Del Nery E, Tangy F, Martin A, Manel N, Jouvenet N. Discovery of Genes that Modulate Flavivirus Replication in an Interferon-Dependent Manner. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167277. [PMID: 34599939 PMCID: PMC8480147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral state provides a crucial initial line of defense against viral infection. Numerous genes that contribute to this antiviral state remain to be identified. Using a loss-of-function strategy, we screened an original library of 1156 siRNAs targeting 386 individual curated human genes in stimulated microglial cells infected with Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging RNA virus that belongs to the flavivirus genus. The screen recovered twenty-one potential host proteins that modulate ZIKV replication in an IFN-dependent manner, including the previously known IFITM3 and LY6E. Further characterization contributed to delineate the spectrum of action of these genes towards other pathogenic RNA viruses, including Hepatitis C virus and SARS-CoV-2. Our data revealed that APOL3 acts as a proviral factor for ZIKV and several other related and unrelated RNA viruses. In addition, we showed that MTA2, a chromatin remodeling factor, possesses potent flavivirus-specific antiviral functions induced by IFN. Our work identified previously unrecognized genes that modulate the replication of RNA viruses in an IFN-dependent manner, opening new perspectives to target weakness points in the life cycle of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lesage
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Batalie
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Cerboni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurianne Lescure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research-Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research-Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Annette Martin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France. https://twitter.com/NicolasManellab
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
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4
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Glon D, Vilmen G, Perdiz D, Hernandez E, Beauclair G, Quignon F, Berlioz-Torrent C, Maréchal V, Poüs C, Lussignol M, Esclatine A. Essential role of hyperacetylated microtubules in innate immunity escape orchestrated by the EBV-encoded BHRF1 protein. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010371. [PMID: 35275978 PMCID: PMC8942261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense against viruses, in which mitochondria play an important role in the induction of the interferon (IFN) response. BHRF1, a multifunctional viral protein expressed during Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, modulates mitochondrial dynamics and disrupts the IFN signaling pathway. Mitochondria are mobile organelles that move through the cytoplasm thanks to the cytoskeleton and in particular the microtubule (MT) network. MTs undergo various post-translational modifications, among them tubulin acetylation. In this study, we demonstrated that BHRF1 induces MT hyperacetylation to escape innate immunity. Indeed, the expression of BHRF1 induces the clustering of shortened mitochondria next to the nucleus. This "mito-aggresome" is organized around the centrosome and its formation is MT-dependent. We also observed that the α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 interacts with BHRF1. Using ATAT1 knockdown or a non-acetylatable α-tubulin mutant, we demonstrated that this hyperacetylation is necessary for the mito-aggresome formation. Similar results were observed during EBV reactivation. We investigated the mechanism leading to the clustering of mitochondria, and we identified dyneins as motors that are required for mitochondrial clustering. Finally, we demonstrated that BHRF1 needs MT hyperacetylation to block the induction of the IFN response. Moreover, the loss of MT hyperacetylation blocks the localization of autophagosomes close to the mito-aggresome, impeding BHRF1 to initiate mitophagy, which is essential to inhibiting the signaling pathway. Therefore, our results reveal the role of the MT network, and its acetylation level, in the induction of a pro-viral mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Glon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Géraldine Vilmen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CRSA, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S 938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Perdiz
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eva Hernandez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédérique Quignon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 144, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Maréchal
- CRSA, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S 938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Marion Lussignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
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5
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Khalfi P, Suspène R, Caval V, Thiers V, Beauclair G, Marchio A, Bekondi C, Amougou Atsama M, Camengo-Police SM, Noah Noah D, Njouom R, Blanc H, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Pineau P, Vartanian JP. APOBEC3C S188I polymorphism enhances context specific editing of Hepatitis B virus genome. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:891-895. [PMID: 35022749 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in APOBEC3C (serine to isoleucine in position 188) is present in ~10% of African populations and greatly enhances restriction against HIV-1 and SIV by improving dimerization and DNA processivity of the enzyme. In this study, we demonstrated in culture and in infected patients that HBV could be edited by APOBEC3CS188I. Using next generation sequencing, we demonstrated that APOBEC3CS188I led to an enhanced editing activity in a more specific 5'TpCpA->5'TpTpA context. This constitutes a new hallmark of this enzyme which could be used to determine its impact on HBV or nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Khalfi
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Complexité du Vivant, ED515, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Suspène
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Caval
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Thiers
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Agnès Marchio
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Bekondi
- Retrovirology and Oncogenic Viruses unit, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | | | | | - Dominique Noah Noah
- Gastroenterology Service, Hôpital de l'Amitié, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Berry N, Suspène R, Caval V, Khalfi P, Beauclair G, Rigaud S, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Disturbs the Mitochondrial Network, Leading to Type I Interferon Production through the RNA Polymerase III/RIG-I Pathway. mBio 2021; 12:e0255721. [PMID: 34809467 PMCID: PMC8609356 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02557-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to impair host innate immune responses. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a double-stranded linear DNA virus, impairs the mitochondrial network and dynamics predominantly through the UL12.5 gene. We demonstrated that HSV-1 infection induced a remodeling of mitochondrial shape, resulting in a fragmentation of the mitochondria associated with a decrease in their volume and an increase in their sphericity. This damage leads to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the cytosol. By generating a stable THP-1 cell line expressing the DNase I-mCherry fusion protein and a THP-1 cell line specifically depleted of mtDNA upon ethidium bromide treatment, we showed that cytosolic mtDNA contributes to type I interferon and APOBEC3A upregulation. This was confirmed by using an HSV-1 strain (KOS37 UL98-SPA) with a deletion of the UL12.5 gene that impaired its ability to induce mtDNA stress. Furthermore, by using an inhibitor of RNA polymerase III, we demonstrated that upon HSV-1 infection, cytosolic mtDNA enhanced type I interferon induction through the RNA polymerase III/RIG-I pathway. APOBEC3A was in turn induced by interferon. Deep sequencing analyses of cytosolic mtDNA mutations revealed an APOBEC3A signature predominantly in the 5'TpCpG context. These data demonstrate that upon HSV-1 infection, the mitochondrial network is disrupted, leading to the release of mtDNA and ultimately to its catabolism through APOBEC3-induced mutations. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) impairs the mitochondrial network through the viral protein UL12.5. This leads to the fusion of mitochondria and simultaneous release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in a mouse model. We have shown that released mtDNA is recognized as a danger signal, capable of stimulating signaling pathways and inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of the human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3A is highly upregulated by interferon responses. This enzyme catalyzes the deamination of cytidine to uridine in single-stranded DNA substrates, resulting in the catabolism of edited DNA. Using human cell lines deprived of mtDNA and viral strains deficient in UL12, we demonstrated the implication of mtDNA in the production of interferon and APOBEC3A expression during viral infection. We have shown that HSV-1 induces mitochondrial network fragmentation in a human model and confirmed the implication of RNA polymerase III/RIG-I signaling in the capture of cytosolic mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Berry
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Caval
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Khalfi
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Blanc
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
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7
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Bakoa F, Préhaud C, Beauclair G, Chazal M, Mantel N, Lafon M, Jouvenet N. Genomic diversity contributes to the neuroinvasiveness of the Yellow fever French neurotropic vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 33903598 PMCID: PMC8076279 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine YF-17D is the current way to prevent infection with Yellow fever virus (YFV). However, 0.000012-0.00002% of vaccinated patients develop post-vaccination neurological syndrome (YEL-AND). Understanding the factors responsible for neuroinvasion, neurotropism, and neurovirulence of the vaccine is critical for improving its biosafety. The YF-FNV vaccine strain, known to be associated with a higher frequency of YEL-AND (0.3-0.4%) than YF-17D, is an excellent model to study vaccine neuroinvasiveness. We determined that neuroinvasiveness of YF-FNV occured both via infection and passage through human brain endothelial cells. Plaque purification and next generation sequencing (NGS) identified several neuroinvasive variants. Their neuroinvasiveness was not higher than that of YF-FNV. However, rebuilding the YF-FNV population diversity from a set of isolated YF-FNV-N variants restored the original neuroinvasive phenotype of YF-FNV. Therefore, we conclude that viral population diversity is a critical factor for YFV vaccine neuroinvasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bakoa
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR9198, Équipe Autophagie et Immunité Antivirale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mantel
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Monique Lafon
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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8
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Beauclair G, Streicher F, Chazal M, Bruni D, Lesage S, Gracias S, Bourgeau S, Sinigaglia L, Fujita T, Meurs EF, Tangy F, Jouvenet N. Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene I and Protein Kinase R, but Not Stress Granules, Mediate the Proinflammatory Response to Yellow Fever Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:e00403-20. [PMID: 32878892 PMCID: PMC7592215 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00403-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an RNA virus primarily targeting the liver. Severe YF cases are responsible for hemorrhagic fever, plausibly precipitated by excessive proinflammatory cytokine response. Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), such as the cytoplasmic retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and the viral RNA sensor protein kinase R (PKR), are known to initiate a proinflammatory response upon recognition of viral genomes. Here, we sought to reveal the main determinants responsible for the acute cytokine expression occurring in human hepatocytes following YFV infection. Using a RIG-I-defective human hepatoma cell line, we found that RIG-I largely contributes to cytokine secretion upon YFV infection. In infected RIG-I-proficient hepatoma cells, RIG-I was localized in stress granules. These granules are large aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes known to concentrate RLRs and PKR and are so far recognized as hubs orchestrating RNA virus sensing. Stable knockdown of PKR in hepatoma cells revealed that PKR contributes to both stress granule formation and cytokine induction upon YFV infection. However, stress granule disruption did not affect the cytokine response to YFV infection, as assessed by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-knockdown-mediated inhibition of stress granule assembly. Finally, no viral RNA was detected in stress granules using a fluorescence in situ hybridization approach coupled with immunofluorescence. Our findings suggest that both RIG-I and PKR mediate proinflammatory cytokine induction in YFV-infected hepatocytes, in a stress granule-independent manner. Therefore, by showing the uncoupling of the cytokine response from the stress granule formation, our model challenges the current view in which stress granules are required for the mounting of the acute antiviral response.IMPORTANCE Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne acute hemorrhagic disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV). The mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain largely unknown, although increased inflammation has been linked to worsened outcome. YFV targets the liver, where it primarily infects hepatocytes. We found that two RNA-sensing proteins, RIG-I and PKR, participate in the induction of proinflammatory mediators in human hepatocytes infected with YFV. We show that YFV infection promotes the formation of cytoplasmic structures, termed stress granules, in a PKR- but not RIG-I-dependent manner. While stress granules were previously postulated to be essential platforms for immune activation, we found that they are not required for the production of proinflammatory mediators upon YFV infection. Collectively, our work uncovered molecular events triggered by the replication of YFV, which could prove instrumental in clarifying the pathogenesis of the disease, with possible repercussions for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Streicher
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Bruni
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Lesage
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Salomé Bourgeau
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eliane F Meurs
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
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9
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Sanchez David RY, Combredet C, Najburg V, Millot GA, Beauclair G, Schwikowski B, Léger T, Camadro JM, Jacob Y, Bellalou J, Jouvenet N, Tangy F, Komarova AV. LGP2 binds to PACT to regulate RIG-I- and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaar3993. [PMID: 31575732 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 stimulate inflammatory and antiviral responses by sensing nonself RNA molecules produced during viral replication. Here, we investigated how LGP2 regulates the RIG-I- and MDA5-dependent induction of type I interferon (IFN) signaling and showed that LGP2 interacted with different components of the RNA-silencing machinery. We identified a direct protein-protein interaction between LGP2 and the IFN-inducible, double-stranded RNA binding protein PACT. The LGP2-PACT interaction was mediated by the regulatory C-terminal domain of LGP2 and was necessary for inhibiting RIG-I-dependent responses and for amplifying MDA5-dependent responses. We described a point mutation within LGP2 that disrupted the LGP2-PACT interaction and led to the loss of LGP2-mediated regulation of RIG-I and MDA5 signaling. These results suggest a model in which the LGP2-PACT interaction regulates the inflammatory responses mediated by RIG-I and MDA5 and enables the cellular RNA-silencing machinery to coordinate with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Y Sanchez David
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
- Ecole doctorale B3MI/Paris7, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Combredet
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Najburg
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
| | - Gael A Millot
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique-C3BI, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
| | - Benno Schwikowski
- Systems Biology Laboratory and USR 3756, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
- Mitochondria, Metals, and Oxidative Stress Group, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Yves Jacob
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Bellalou
- Platform of Recombinant Proteins in Prokaryotic Cells, Institut Pasteur, 75015, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France.
| | - Anastassia V Komarova
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France.
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10
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Danet L, Beauclair G, Berthet M, Moratorio G, Gracias S, Tangy F, Choumet V, Jouvenet N. Midgut barriers prevent the replication and dissemination of the yellow fever vaccine in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007299. [PMID: 31412040 PMCID: PMC6709925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To be transmitted to vertebrate hosts via the saliva of their vectors, arthropod-borne viruses have to cross several barriers in the mosquito body, including the midgut infection and escape barriers. Yellow fever virus (YFV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus, which includes human viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue and Zika viruses. The live-attenuated YFV-17D vaccine has been used safely and efficiently on a large scale since the end of World War II. Early studies have shown, using viral titration from salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, that YFV-17D can infect Aedes aegypti midgut, but does not disseminate to other tissues. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we re-visited this issue using a panel of techniques, such as RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and titration assays. We showed that YFV-17D replication was not efficient in Aedes aegypti midgut, as compared to the clinical isolate YFV-Dakar. Viruses that replicated in the midgut failed to disseminate to secondary organs. When injected into the thorax of mosquitoes, viruses succeeded in replicating into midgut-associated tissues, suggesting that, during natural infection, the block for YFV-17D replication occurs at the basal membrane of the midgut. Conclusions/Significance The two barriers associated with Ae. aegypti midgut prevent YFV-17D replication. Our study contributes to our basic understanding of vector–pathogen interactions and may also aid in the development of non-transmissible live virus vaccines. Most flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted between hosts by mosquito bites. The yellow fever vaccine (YFV-17D) is one of the safest and most effective live virus vaccine ever developed. It is also used as a platform for engineering vaccines against other health-threatening flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, dengue and Zika viruses. We studied here the replication and dissemination of YFV-17D in mosquitoes. Our data showing that YFV-17D is unable to disseminate to secondary organs, as compared to a YFV clinical isolate, agree with previous studies. We have expanded on this knowledge by quantifying viral RNA production, viral protein expression, viral distribution and infectivity of YFV-17D in the vector midguts. We show that the midgut is a powerful barrier that inhibits YFV-17D dissemination in mosquitoes. Our study contributes to our basic understanding of the interactions between viruses and their vectors, which is key for conceiving new approaches in inhibiting virus transmission and designing non-transmissible live virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Danet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Berthet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Petrova E, Gracias S, Beauclair G, Tangy F, Jouvenet N. Uncovering Flavivirus Host Dependency Factors through a Genome-Wide Gain-of-Function Screen. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010068. [PMID: 30650657 PMCID: PMC6356745 DOI: 10.3390/v11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses, such as dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, are mosquito-borne pathogens that present a major risk to global public health. To identify host factors that promote flavivirus replication, we performed a genome-wide gain-of-function cDNA screen for human genes that enhance the replication of flavivirus reporter particles in human cells. The screen recovered seventeen potential host proteins that promote viral replication, including the previously known dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit (DDOST). Using silencing approaches, we validated the role of four candidates in YFV and WNV replication: ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19), ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), DDOST and importin 9 (IPO9). Applying a panel of virological, biochemical and microscopic methods, we validated further the role of RPL19 and DDOST as host factors required for optimal replication of YFV, WNV and ZIKV. The genome-wide gain-of-function screen is thus a valid approach to advance our understanding of flavivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Virology department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Virology department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Virology department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Virology department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Virology department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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12
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Dubich T, Lieske A, Santag S, Beauclair G, Rückert J, Herrmann J, Gorges J, Büsche G, Kazmaier U, Hauser H, Stadler M, Schulz TF, Wirth D. An endothelial cell line infected by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) allows the investigation of Kaposi's sarcoma and the validation of novel viral inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:311-324. [PMID: 30610257 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-01733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a tumor of endothelial origin predominantly affecting immunosuppressed individuals. Up to date, vaccines and targeted therapies are not available. Screening and identification of anti-viral compounds are compromised by the lack of scalable cell culture systems reflecting properties of virus-transformed cells in patients. Further, the strict specificity of the virus for humans limits the development of in vivo models. In this study, we exploited a conditionally immortalized human endothelial cell line for establishment of in vitro 2D and 3D KSHV latency models and the generation of KS-like xenograft tumors in mice. Importantly, the invasive properties and tumor formation could be completely reverted by purging KSHV from the cells, confirming that tumor formation is dependent on the continued presence of KSHV, rather than being a consequence of irreversible transformation of the infected cells. Upon testing a library of 260 natural metabolites, we selected the compounds that induced viral loss or reduced the invasiveness of infected cells in 2D and 3D endothelial cell culture systems. The efficacy of selected compounds against KSHV-induced tumor formation was verified in the xenograft model. Together, this study shows that the combined use of anti-viral and anti-tumor assays based on the same cell line is predictive for tumor reduction in vivo and therefore allows faithful selection of novel drug candidates against Kaposi's sarcoma. KEY MESSAGES: Novel 2D, 3D, and xenograft mouse models mimic the consequences of KSHV infection. KSHV-induced tumorigenesis can be reverted upon purging the cells from the virus. A 3D invasiveness assay is predictive for tumor reduction in vivo. Chondramid B, epothilone B, and pretubulysin D diminish KS-like lesions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Dubich
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Lieske
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Santag
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jan Gorges
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Beauclair G, Mura M, Combredet C, Tangy F, Jouvenet N, Komarova AV. DI-tector: defective interfering viral genomes' detector for next-generation sequencing data. RNA 2018; 24:1285-1296. [PMID: 30012569 PMCID: PMC6140465 DOI: 10.1261/rna.066910.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Defective interfering (DI) genomes, or defective viral genomes (DVGs), are truncated viral genomes generated during replication of most viruses, including live viral vaccines. Among these, "panhandle" or copy-back (cb) and "hairpin" or snap-back (sb) DI genomes are generated during RNA virus replication. 5' cb/sb DI genomes are highly relevant for viral pathogenesis since they harbor immunostimulatory properties that increase virus recognition by the innate immune system of the host. We have developed DI-tector, a user-friendly and freely available program that identifies and characterizes cb/sb genomes from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. DI-tector confirmed the presence of 5' cb genomes in cells infected with measles virus (MV). DI-tector also identified a novel 5' cb genome, as well as a variety of 3' cb/sb genomes whose existence had not previously been detected by conventional approaches in MV-infected cells. The presence of these novel cb/sb genomes was confirmed by RT-qPCR and RT-PCR, validating the ability of DI-tector to reveal the landscape of DI genome population in infected cell samples. Performance assessment using different experimental and simulated data sets revealed the robust specificity and sensitivity of DI-tector. We propose DI-tector as a universal tool for the unbiased detection of DI viral genomes, including 5' cb/sb DI genomes, in NGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beauclair
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Marie Mura
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
- Unité des Biothérapies anti-infectieuses et Immunologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées BP73, Brétigny-sur-Orge, 91223, France
| | - Chantal Combredet
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Anastassia V Komarova
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, 75015, France
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14
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Chazal M, Beauclair G, Gracias S, Najburg V, Simon-Lorière E, Tangy F, Komarova AV, Jouvenet N. RIG-I Recognizes the 5' Region of Dengue and Zika Virus Genomes. Cell Rep 2018; 24:320-328. [PMID: 29996094 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus genus comprises major human pathogens, such as Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. RIG-I and MDA5 are key cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors that are implicated in detecting viral RNAs. Here, we show that RNAs that co-purified with RIG-I during DENV infection are immuno-stimulatory, whereas RNAs bound to MDA5 are not. An affinity purification method combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that the 5' region of the DENV genome is recognized by RIG-I. No DENV RNA was bound to MDA5. In vitro production of fragments of the DENV genome confirmed the NGS data and revealed that the 5' end of the genome, when bearing 5'-triphosphates, is the RIG-I ligand. The 5' region of the ZIKV genome is also a RIG-I agonist. We propose that RIG-I binds to the highly structured and conserved 5' region of flavivirus nascent transcripts before capping and that this mechanism leads to interferon secretion by infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chazal
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; CNRS UMR2000 Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Najburg
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; CNRS UMR2000 Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anastassia V Komarova
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
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15
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Beauclair G, Bridier-Nahmias A, Zagury JF, Saïb A, Zamborlini A. JASSA: a comprehensive tool for prediction of SUMOylation sites and SIMs. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:3483-91. [PMID: 26142185 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Post-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins, a process termed SUMOylation, is involved in many fundamental cellular processes. SUMO proteins are conjugated to a protein substrate, creating an interface for the recruitment of cofactors harboring SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). Mapping both SUMO-conjugation sites and SIMs is required to study the functional consequence of SUMOylation. To define the best candidate sites for experimental validation we designed JASSA, a Joint Analyzer of SUMOylation site and SIMs. RESULTS JASSA is a predictor that uses a scoring system based on a Position Frequency Matrix derived from the alignment of experimental SUMOylation sites or SIMs. Compared with existing web-tools, JASSA displays on par or better performances. Novel features were implemented towards a better evaluation of the prediction, including identification of database hits matching the query sequence and representation of candidate sites within the secondary structural elements and/or the 3D fold of the protein of interest, retrievable from deposited PDB files. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION JASSA is freely accessible at http://www.jassa.fr/. Website is implemented in PHP and MySQL, with all major browsers supported. CONTACT guillaume.beauclair@inserm.fr SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beauclair
- CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital St Louis, Inserm U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis
| | - Antoine Bridier-Nahmias
- CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital St Louis, Inserm U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, Laboratoire PVM, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam) and
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de bioinformatique, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam), Paris, France
| | - Ali Saïb
- CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital St Louis, Inserm U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, Laboratoire PVM, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam) and
| | - Alessia Zamborlini
- CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital St Louis, Inserm U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, Laboratoire PVM, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam) and
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Chatterjee D, Marquardt N, Tufa DM, Beauclair G, Low HZ, Hatlapatka T, Hass R, Kasper C, von Kaisenberg C, Schmidt RE, Jacobs R. Role of gamma-secretase in human umbilical-cord derived mesenchymal stem cell mediated suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:63. [PMID: 25266361 PMCID: PMC4195898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly considered to be used as biological immunosuppressants in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the early reconstitution phase following HSCT, natural killer (NK) cells represent the major lymphocyte population in peripheral blood and display graft-vs-leukemia (GvL) effects. The functional interactions between NK cells and MSCs have the potential to influence the leukemia relapse rate after HSCT. Until date, MSC-NK cell interaction studies are largely focussed on bone marrow derived (BM)-MSCs. Umbilical cord derived (UC)-MSCs might be an alternative source of therapeutic MSCs. Thus, we studied the interaction of UC-MSCs with unstimulated allogeneic NK cells. Results UC-MSCs could potently suppress NK cell cytotoxicity in overnight cultures via soluble factors. The main soluble immunosuppressant was identified as prostaglandin (PG)-E2. Maximal PGE2 release involved IL-1β priming of MSCs after close contact between the NK cells and UC-MSCs. Interestingly, blocking gamma-secretase activation alleviated the immunosuppression by controlling PGE2 production. IL-1 receptor activation and subsequent downstream signalling events were found to require gamma-secretase activity. Conclusion Although the role of PGE2 in NK cell-MSC has been reported, the requirement of cell-cell contact for PGE2 induced immunosuppression remained unexplained. Our findings shed light on this puzzling observation and identify new players in the NK cell-MSC crosstalk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-014-0063-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Beauclair G, Paris J, Magne F, Zamborlini A, Saϊb A. PIAS3 modulate HIV-1 integrase SUMOylation. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3236928 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s2-p4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zamborlini A, Coiffic A, Beauclair G, Delelis O, Paris J, Magne F, Koh Y, Giron ML, Tobaly-Tapiero J, Emiliani S, Engelman A, de The H, Saib A. HIV-1 integrase SUMOylation and viral replication. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3236886 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s2-o4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zamborlini A, Coiffic A, Beauclair G, Delelis O, Paris J, Koh Y, Magne F, Giron ML, Tobaly-Tapiero J, Deprez E, Emiliani S, Engelman A, de Thé H, Saïb A. Impairment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase SUMOylation correlates with an early replication defect. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21013-22. [PMID: 21454548 PMCID: PMC3121452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.189274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) orchestrates the integration of the reverse transcribed viral cDNA into the host cell genome and participates also in other steps of HIV-1 replication. Cellular and viral factors assist IN in performing its multiple functions, and post-translational modifications contribute to modulate its activities. Here, we show that HIV-1 IN is modified by SUMO proteins and that phylogenetically conserved SUMOylation consensus motifs represent major SUMO acceptor sites. Viruses harboring SUMOylation site IN mutants displayed a replication defect that was mapped during the early stages of infection, before integration but after reverse transcription. Because SUMOylation-defective IN mutants retained WT catalytic activity, we hypothesize that SUMOylation might regulate the affinity of IN for co-factors, contributing to efficient HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Zamborlini
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
- the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Coiffic
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Pharmacologie Génétique Appliquée, CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Joris Paris
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Yashuiro Koh
- the Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Fabian Magne
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
- the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lou Giron
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Joelle Tobaly-Tapiero
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Pharmacologie Génétique Appliquée, CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Stephane Emiliani
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France, and
| | - Alan Engelman
- the Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Hugues de Thé
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Ali Saïb
- From the CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie-Université Paris7 Diderot, 75475 Paris, France
- the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Coiffic A, Beauclair G, Zamborlini A, Saïb A. [SUMO in the viral world]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2010; 14:349-361. [PMID: 36151696 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2011.15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation, are exam- ples of cellular machineries hijacked by viruses to efficiently replicate. SUMOylation, which consists in the conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modi- fier (SUMO) peptides to a substrate, is exploited or hampered by numerous viruses during infection. Several viral proteins are SUMOylated, causing modulation of sub-cellular localization, stability or modifications of protein activities. In this review, recently described viral examples have been chosen to highlight the different strategies used by viruses to hijack SUMOylation in order to promote replication. The link between pathologies due to viral infec- tions and SUMOylation is discussed. Finally, the potential applications of SUMOylation inhibitors in the treatment of viral infections and associated cancer are evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Coiffic
- Inserm U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Université Paris-Diderot, Institut universitaire d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Inserm U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Université Paris-Diderot, Institut universitaire d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Alessia Zamborlini
- Inserm U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Université Paris-Diderot, Institut universitaire d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Ali Saïb
- Inserm U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Université Paris-Diderot, Institut universitaire d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Chaire de biologie, 2, rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
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Souquere S, Beauclair G, Harper F, Fox A, Pierron G. Highly ordered spatial organization of the structural long noncoding NEAT1 RNAs within paraspeckle nuclear bodies. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4020-7. [PMID: 20881053 PMCID: PMC2982136 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraspeckles (PSPs) are nuclear bodies associated with the retention in the nucleus of specific mRNAs. Two isoforms of a long noncoding RNA (NEAT1_v1/Menε and NEAT1_v2/Menβ) are required for the integrity of PSPs. Here, we analyzed the molecular organization of PSPs by immuno- and in situ hybridization electron microscopy. Detection of the paraspeckle markers PSPC1 and P54NRB/NONO confirm the identity between PSPs and the previously described interchromatin granule-associated zones (IGAZs). High-resolution in situ hybridization of NEAT1 transcripts revealed a highly ordered organization of IGAZ/PSPs. Although the 3.7-kb NEAT1_v1 and the identical 5' end of the 22.7-kb NEAT1_v2 transcripts are confined to the periphery, central sequences of NEAT1_v2 are found within the electron-dense core of the bodies. Moreover, the 3' end of NEAT1_v2 also localize to the periphery, indicating possible architectures for IGAZ/PSPs. These results further suggest that the organization of NEAT1 transcripts constrains the geometry of these bodies. Accordingly, we observed in HeLa and NIH 3T3 cells that IGAZ/PSPs are elongated structures with a well-defined diameter. Our results provide new insight on the ability of noncoding RNAs to form subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Souquere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Formation de Recherche en Evolution-3238, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif 94800, France
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