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Lecca LO, Paiva MT, de Oliveira CSF, Morais MHF, de Azevedo MI, Bastos CDVE, Keller KM, Ecco R, Alves MRS, Pais GCT, Salvato LA, Xaulim GDMD, Barbosa DS, Brandão ST, Soares DFDM. Associated factors and spatial patterns of the epidemic sporotrichosis in a high density human populated area: A cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2018. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104939. [PMID: 32143029 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological characterization of human and feline sporotrichosis was carried out between 2016 and 2018, in a high density-populated area in Brazil. Professionals were trained to identify suspect cats and notify vets to interview the owners and collect swabs of the wounds from these animals. Mycological cultures were performed, and colonies identified as Sporothrix spp. Subsequently, data regarding the outcome from suspect animals were collected. Confirmed cases of human sporotrichosis (56) were also counted and analyzed for spatial distribution. 118 positive animals were observed. The prevalence of feline sporotrichosis was 8.36 ‰ (CI 95 %, 5.38-9.55 ‰). The odds for being positive in animals that lived only partially at home were 3.02 times greater than for those cats without access to the street (OR 3.02, CI 95 % 1,96-10,43). There was no statistically significant association between environmental variables and positive diagnosis, corroborating the hypothesis that direct transmission by infected cats plays a greater role in the occurrence and continuous outbreaks of sporotrichosis in Brazil. Among the positive animals, 61.90 % (CI 95 % 58.95-64.96) died, and they had an odds to die in the next six months 6.30 times greater than negative animals (p < 0.05, OR 6.30, CI 95 % 2,79-14,42). The case fatality rate was 55.08 % in cats (CI 95 % 49.20-51.15). The cause-specific death rate was 4.6 ‰ in cats (CI 95 % 3.4-6 ‰). Only 7.62 % (CI 95 % 7.12-8.16) positive cats were treated and cured. Among dead positive animals, 29.23 % were inappropriately discarded. In the study period 56 human cases were recorded in the Barreiro region. Regions with highest prevalence of feline sporotrichosis, had greater frequencies of both human and feline cases. This is the first report on the epidemic of sporotrichosis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The free offer for treatment and veterinary care for these animals should be taken into consideration, as well as the collection and incineration of the dead ones, as measures of public health, followed by the guidance and care for the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívian Otávio Lecca
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Teixeira Paiva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Franco Morais
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila de Valgas E Bastos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelly Moura Keller
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Silva Alves
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Graziella Coelho Tavares Pais
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lauranne Alves Salvato
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Morais Donancio Xaulim
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Soeiro Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana Tecles Brandão
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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