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Richardson JD, Burlaga LF, Elliott H, Kurth WS, Liu YD, von Steiger R. Observations of the Outer Heliosphere, Heliosheath, and Interstellar Medium. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:35. [PMID: 35664862 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-9023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Voyager spacecraft have left the heliosphere and entered the interstellar medium, making the first observations of the termination shock, heliosheath, and heliopause. New Horizons is observing the solar wind in the outer heliosphere and making the first direct observations of solar wind pickup ions. This paper reviews the observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic fields throughout the heliosphere and in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Richardson
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - L F Burlaga
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - H Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA
| | - W S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y D Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R von Steiger
- Universität Bern, Bern, 2 Switzerland
- International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Richardson JD, Burlaga LF, Elliott H, Kurth WS, Liu YD, von Steiger R. Observations of the Outer Heliosphere, Heliosheath, and Interstellar Medium. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:35. [PMID: 35664862 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-011-9825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Voyager spacecraft have left the heliosphere and entered the interstellar medium, making the first observations of the termination shock, heliosheath, and heliopause. New Horizons is observing the solar wind in the outer heliosphere and making the first direct observations of solar wind pickup ions. This paper reviews the observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic fields throughout the heliosphere and in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Richardson
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - L F Burlaga
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - H Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA
| | - W S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y D Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R von Steiger
- Universität Bern, Bern, 2 Switzerland
- International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Elliott H, Stevenson K, Bicker G, Kemp J. An evaluation of the management of patients presenting with trigger finger within a large Musculoskeletal Interface Service. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Richardson JD, Burlaga LF, Elliott H, Kurth WS, Liu YD, von Steiger R. Observations of the Outer Heliosphere, Heliosheath, and Interstellar Medium. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:35. [PMID: 35664862 PMCID: PMC9156517 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Voyager spacecraft have left the heliosphere and entered the interstellar medium, making the first observations of the termination shock, heliosheath, and heliopause. New Horizons is observing the solar wind in the outer heliosphere and making the first direct observations of solar wind pickup ions. This paper reviews the observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic fields throughout the heliosphere and in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Richardson
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - L. F. Burlaga
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - H. Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA
| | - W. S. Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. D. Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R. von Steiger
- Universität Bern, Bern, 2 Switzerland
- International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Mcgaffin S, Taggart M, Smyth D, O"doherty D, Brown J, Teague S, Slevin C, Montgomery L, Coll M, Lindsay C, Crumley B, Gibson L, Elliott H, Hughes S, Connolly S. Transitioning a cardiovascular health and rehabilitation programme to a virtual platform during covid 19. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab060.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
OnBehalf
Our Hearts Our Minds
Purpose
Can a virtual cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme be as effective as face-to-face programme.
Background
The Our Hearts Our Minds (OHOM) prevention and rehabilitation programme rapidly transitioned to a virtual platform in the covid era. Here we compare if a virtual programme potentially could offer the same standard of the nursing intervention (education, smoking cessation, medical risk factor management and psychosocial health) as the previous face to face programme
Methods
Both the initial assessment (IA) and end of programme (EOP) assessments were conducted via telephone/video as per patient preference. The following measures were recorded at both time points (home blood pressure (BP) monitors were provided)
Smoking (self report) BP/Heart rate, Lipids/HbA1c (facilitated by phlebotomy hub), cardio protective drugs (doses, adherence), Hospital Anxiety and Depression score, EuroQoL
Nursing Intervention Smoking cessation counselling and pharmacotherapy where appropriate
Weekly meeting with cardiologist to optimise BP and lipid management and up titration cardio protective drugs
Bimonthly virtual coaching consultation for monitoring/goal resetting
Bimonthly group video education sessions
Results
From April to November 2020, of the 432 referrals received 400 were eligible with 377 accepting the offer of an IA (94% response rate). 262 have had an IA with the remaining 115 awaiting an assessment date. Of the completed IA’s 257 were willing to attend the programme (98% uptake). 120 had been offered an end of programme assessment with 114 attending (96% of those offered). The results for the virtual programme were then compared to the same period one year previously when the programme was fully face to face and are outlined in the table below.
The comparison of results delivered via remote delivery are remarkably similar to those achieved in the previous year delivered via face to face.
Conclusion
Initial data has shown that virtual delivery of the nursing component of the OHOM prevention/rehabilitation programme was highly acceptable to patients and was as effective as that of the traditional face to face service.
Table 1 below exhibits the clinical and patient-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mcgaffin
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Taggart
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Smyth
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D O"doherty
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Brown
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Teague
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Slevin
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Montgomery
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Coll
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Lindsay
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - B Crumley
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Gibson
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Elliott
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Hughes
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Londonderry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Connolly
- South West Acute Hospital, Our Hearts Our Minds, Enniskillen, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Reaney PD, Elliott H, Cooper J. A COMPARISON OF THE HEART, TIMI AND GRACE SCORES IN THE PREDICTION OF A MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENT (MACE) IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH UNDIFFERENTIATED CARDIAC CHEST PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN A UK POPULATION. Arch Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-206402.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Grotzinger JP, Sumner DY, Kah LC, Stack K, Gupta S, Edgar L, Rubin D, Lewis K, Schieber J, Mangold N, Milliken R, Conrad PG, DesMarais D, Farmer J, Siebach K, Calef F, Hurowitz J, McLennan SM, Ming D, Vaniman D, Crisp J, Vasavada A, Edgett KS, Malin M, Blake D, Gellert R, Mahaffy P, Wiens RC, Maurice S, Grant JA, Wilson S, Anderson RC, Beegle L, Arvidson R, Hallet B, Sletten RS, Rice M, Bell J, Griffes J, Ehlmann B, Anderson RB, Bristow TF, Dietrich WE, Dromart G, Eigenbrode J, Fraeman A, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff K, Jandura L, Kocurek G, Lee S, Leshin LA, Leveille R, Limonadi D, Maki J, McCloskey S, Meyer M, Minitti M, Newsom H, Oehler D, Okon A, Palucis M, Parker T, Rowland S, Schmidt M, Squyres S, Steele A, Stolper E, Summons R, Treiman A, Williams R, Yingst A, Team MS, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Cremers D, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Li S, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Farley K, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Bish D, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Szopa C, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, Francois P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Fay D, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Harpold D, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Trainer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Aubrey A, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Christensen L, DeFlores L, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Webster CR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Vicenzi E, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Kortmann O, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Owen T, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Franz H, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Atreya S, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Pepin R, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1242777. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Vaniman DT, Bish DL, Ming DW, Bristow TF, Morris RV, Blake DF, Chipera SJ, Morrison SM, Treiman AH, Rampe EB, Rice M, Achilles CN, Grotzinger JP, McLennan SM, Williams J, Bell JF, Newsom HE, Downs RT, Maurice S, Sarrazin P, Yen AS, Morookian JM, Farmer JD, Stack K, Milliken RE, Ehlmann BL, Sumner DY, Berger G, Crisp JA, Hurowitz JA, Anderson R, Des Marais DJ, Stolper EM, Edgett KS, Gupta S, Spanovich N, Agard C, Alves Verdasca JA, Anderson R, Archer D, Armiens-Aparicio C, Arvidson R, Atlaskin E, Atreya S, Aubrey A, Baker B, Baker M, Balic-Zunic T, Baratoux D, Baroukh J, Barraclough B, Bean K, Beegle L, Behar A, Bender S, Benna M, Bentz J, Berger J, Berman D, Blanco Avalos JJ, Blaney D, Blank J, Blau H, Bleacher L, Boehm E, Botta O, Bottcher S, Boucher T, Bower H, Boyd N, Boynton B, Breves E, Bridges J, Bridges N, Brinckerhoff W, Brinza D, Brunet C, Brunner A, Brunner W, Buch A, Bullock M, Burmeister S, Cabane M, Calef F, Cameron J, Campbell JI, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Caride Rodriguez J, Carmosino M, Carrasco Blazquez I, Charpentier A, Choi D, Clark B, Clegg S, Cleghorn T, Cloutis E, Cody G, Coll P, Conrad P, Coscia D, Cousin A, Cremers D, Cros A, Cucinotta F, d'Uston C, Davis S, Day MK, de la Torre Juarez M, DeFlores L, DeLapp D, DeMarines J, Dietrich W, Dingler R, Donny C, Drake D, Dromart G, Dupont A, Duston B, Dworkin J, Dyar MD, Edgar L, Edwards C, Edwards L, Ehresmann B, Eigenbrode J, Elliott B, Elliott H, Ewing R, Fabre C, Fairen A, Farley K, Fassett C, Favot L, Fay D, Fedosov F, Feldman J, Feldman S, Fisk M, Fitzgibbon M, Flesch G, Floyd M, Fluckiger L, Forni O, Fraeman A, Francis R, Francois P, Franz H, Freissinet C, French KL, Frydenvang J, Gaboriaud A, Gailhanou M, Garvin J, Gasnault O, Geffroy C, Gellert R, Genzer M, Glavin D, Godber A, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Golovin D, Gomez Gomez F, Gomez-Elvira J, Gondet B, Gordon S, Gorevan S, Grant J, Griffes J, Grinspoon D, Guillemot P, Guo J, Guzewich S, Haberle R, Halleaux D, Hallet B, Hamilton V, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Harpold D, Harri AM, Harshman K, Hassler D, Haukka H, Hayes A, Herkenhoff K, Herrera P, Hettrich S, Heydari E, Hipkin V, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Hudgins J, Huntress W, Hviid S, Iagnemma K, Indyk S, Israel G, Jackson R, Jacob S, Jakosky B, Jensen E, Jensen JK, Johnson J, Johnson M, Johnstone S, Jones A, Jones J, Joseph J, Jun I, Kah L, Kahanpaa H, Kahre M, Karpushkina N, Kasprzak W, Kauhanen J, Keely L, Kemppinen O, Keymeulen D, Kim MH, Kinch K, King P, Kirkland L, Kocurek G, Koefoed A, Kohler J, Kortmann O, Kozyrev A, Krezoski J, Krysak D, Kuzmin R, Lacour JL, Lafaille V, Langevin Y, Lanza N, Lasue J, Le Mouelic S, Lee EM, Lee QM, Lees D, Lefavor M, Lemmon M, Malvitte AL, Leshin L, Leveille R, Lewin-Carpintier E, Lewis K, Li S, Lipkaman L, Little C, Litvak M, Lorigny E, Lugmair G, Lundberg A, Lyness E, Madsen M, Mahaffy P, Maki J, Malakhov A, Malespin C, Malin M, Mangold N, Manhes G, Manning H, Marchand G, Marin Jimenez M, Martin Garcia C, Martin D, Martin M, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Mauchien P, McAdam A, McCartney E, McConnochie T, McCullough E, McEwan I, McKay C, McNair S, Melikechi N, Meslin PY, Meyer M, Mezzacappa A, Miller H, Miller K, Minitti M, Mischna M, Mitrofanov I, Moersch J, Mokrousov M, Molina Jurado A, Moores J, Mora-Sotomayor L, Mueller-Mellin R, Muller JP, Munoz Caro G, Nachon M, Navarro Lopez S, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Nealson K, Nefian A, Nelson T, Newcombe M, Newman C, Nikiforov S, Niles P, Nixon B, Noe Dobrea E, Nolan T, Oehler D, Ollila A, Olson T, Owen T, de Pablo Hernandez MA, Paillet A, Pallier E, Palucis M, Parker T, Parot Y, Patel K, Paton M, Paulsen G, Pavlov A, Pavri B, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pepin R, Peret L, Perez R, Perrett G, Peterson J, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Pla-Garcia J, Plante I, Poitrasson F, Polkko J, Popa R, Posiolova L, Posner A, Pradler I, Prats B, Prokhorov V, Purdy SW, Raaen E, Radziemski L, Rafkin S, Ramos M, Raulin F, Ravine M, Reitz G, Renno N, Richardson M, Robert F, Robertson K, Rodriguez Manfredi JA, Romeral-Planello JJ, Rowland S, Rubin D, Saccoccio M, Salamon A, Sandoval J, Sanin A, Sans Fuentes SA, Saper L, Sautter V, Savijarvi H, Schieber J, Schmidt M, Schmidt W, Scholes DD, Schoppers M, Schroder S, Schwenzer S, Sebastian Martinez E, Sengstacken A, Shterts R, Siebach K, Siili T, Simmonds J, Sirven JB, Slavney S, Sletten R, Smith M, Sobron Sanchez P, Spray J, Squyres S, Stalport F, Steele A, Stein T, Stern J, Stewart N, Stipp SLS, Stoiber K, Sucharski B, Sullivan R, Summons R, Sun V, Supulver K, Sutter B, Szopa C, Tan F, Tate C, Teinturier S, ten Kate I, Thomas P, Thompson L, Tokar R, Toplis M, Torres Redondo J, Trainer M, Tretyakov V, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, VanBommel S, Varenikov A, Vasavada A, Vasconcelos P, Vicenzi E, Vostrukhin A, Voytek M, Wadhwa M, Ward J, Webster C, Weigle E, Wellington D, Westall F, Wiens RC, Wilhelm MB, Williams A, Williams R, Williams RBM, Wilson M, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wolff M, Wong M, Wray J, Wu M, Yana C, Yingst A, Zeitlin C, Zimdar R, Zorzano Mier MP. Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1243480. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kornder JM, Blyth S, Chan A, Elliott H, L'Heureux R, Sobolyeva R, Wand R, Wheeler S. Fly My Stemi Away: the Stemi Launch Helicopter Primary PCI Experience in Fraser Health Authority. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Leshin LA, Mahaffy PR, Webster CR, Cabane M, Coll P, Conrad PG, Archer PD, Atreya SK, Brunner AE, Buch A, Eigenbrode JL, Flesch GJ, Franz HB, Freissinet C, Glavin DP, McAdam AC, Miller KE, Ming DW, Morris RV, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Niles PB, Owen T, Pepin RO, Squyres S, Steele A, Stern JC, Summons RE, Sumner DY, Sutter B, Szopa C, Teinturier S, Trainer MG, Wray JJ, Grotzinger JP, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Coscia D, Israel G, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Stalport F, Francois P, Raulin F, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Garvin J, Harpold D, Jones A, Martin DK, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Tan F, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Yen A, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Bower H, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Volatile, Isotope, and Organic Analysis of Martian Fines with the Mars Curiosity Rover. Science 2013; 341:1238937. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1238937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Mahaffy PR, Webster CR, Atreya SK, Franz H, Wong M, Conrad PG, Harpold D, Jones JJ, Leshin LA, Manning H, Owen T, Pepin RO, Squyres S, Trainer M, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Grotzinger J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Steele A, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Israel G, Szopa C, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, Francois P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Summons R, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Eigenbrode J, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Jones A, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Ming D, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Sumner DY, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Gases in the Martian Atmosphere from the Curiosity Rover. Science 2013; 341:263-6. [PMID: 23869014 DOI: 10.1126/science.1237966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Chinnery P, Pfeffer G, Griffin H, Elliott H, Barresi R, Straub V, Udd B, Horvath R, Dick D. EXOME SEQUENCING IN THREE FAMILIES WITH CYTOPLASMIC BODY MYOPATHY WITH EARLY RESPIRATORY FAILURE. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304200a.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Pfeffer G, Griffin H, Elliott H, Straub V, Baresi R, Udd B, Chinnery P. O05 Exome sequencing in three families with cytoplasmic body myopathy with early respiratory failure. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(12)70006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Chan A, Elliott H, Brown R, Dorval J, Charania J, Kuritzky R, Lalani A, Murray J, Sobolyeva R, Simkus G. 390 Pre-hospital electrocardiogram triage strategy versus inter-hospital transfer for acute myocardial infarction. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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15
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Chan A, Elliott H, Brown R, Dorval J, Charania J, Lalani A, Kuritzky R, Murray J, Sobolyeva R, Simkus G. 250 The clinical characteristics and hospital course of the south asian population presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Sabirovic M, Roberts H, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease monitoring, January to March 2009. Vet Rec 2009; 164:739-42. [PMID: 19525521 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.24.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group, Global Animal Health, Defra, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR
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17
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Sabirovic M, Roberts H, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease surveillance. International disease monitoring, October to December 2008. Vet Rec 2009; 164:355-8. [PMID: 19305005 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.12.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health, Defra, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - H. Roberts
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - S. Hall
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - H. Elliott
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - N. Coulson
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
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19
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Sabirovic M, Roberts H, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease monitoring, April to June 2008. Vet Rec 2008; 163:319-22. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.11.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - H. Roberts
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - S. Hall
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - H. Elliott
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
| | - N. Coulson
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR
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20
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Sabirovic M, Raw L, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease surveillance. International disease monitoring, January to March 2008. Vet Rec 2008; 162:705-8. [PMID: 19557940 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.22.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health, DEFRA, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Sabirovic M, Raw L, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease surveillance. International disease monitoring, October to December 2007. Vet Rec 2008; 162:263-6. [PMID: 18350674 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.9.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group; International Trade Core Function; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - L. Raw
- Food and Farming Group; International Trade Core Function; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - S. Hall
- Food and Farming Group; International Trade Core Function; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - H. Elliott
- Food and Farming Group; International Trade Core Function; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - N. Coulson
- Food and Farming Group; International Trade Core Function; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
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23
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Shaw AE, Monaghan P, Alpar HO, Anthony S, Darpel KE, Batten CA, Guercio A, Alimena G, Vitale M, Bankowska K, Carpenter S, Jones H, Oura CAL, King DP, Elliott H, Mellor PS, Mertens PPC. Development and initial evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR assay to detect bluetongue virus genome segment 1. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:115-26. [PMID: 17586061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since 1998, multiple strains of bluetongue virus (BTV), belonging to six different serotypes (types 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 and 16) have caused outbreaks of disease in Europe, causing one of the largest epizootics of bluetongue ever recorded, with the deaths of >1.8 million animals (mainly sheep). The persistence and continuing spread of BTV in Europe and elsewhere highlights the importance of sensitive and reliable diagnostic assay systems that can be used to rapidly identify infected animals, helping to combat spread of the virus and disease. BTV has a genome composed of 10 linear segments of dsRNA. We describe a real-time RT-PCR assay that targets the highly conserved genome segment 1 (encoding the viral polymerase--VP1) that can be used to detect all of the 24 serotypes, as well as geographic variants (different topotypes) within individual serotypes of BTV. After an initial evaluation using 132 BTV samples including representatives of all 24 BTV serotypes, this assay was used by the European Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) at IAH Pirbright to confirm the negative status of 2,255 animals imported to the UK from regions that were considered to be at risk during the 2006 outbreak of BTV-8 in Northern Europe. All of these animals were also negative by competition ELISA to detect BTV specific antibodies and none of them developed clinical signs of infection. These studies have demonstrated the value of the assay for the rapid screening of field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Shaw
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
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24
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McComas DJ, Allegrini F, Bagenal F, Crary F, Ebert RW, Elliott H, Stern A, Valek P. Diverse plasma populations and structures in Jupiter's magnetotail. Science 2007; 318:217-20. [PMID: 17932282 DOI: 10.1126/science.1147393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's magnetotail is the largest cohesive structure in the solar system and marks the loss of vast numbers of heavy ions from the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the magnetotail to distances exceeding 2500 jovian radii (R(J)) and revealed a remarkable diversity of plasma populations and structures throughout its length. Ions evolve from a hot plasma disk distribution at approximately 100 R(J) to slower, persistent flows down the tail that become increasingly variable in flux and mean energy. The plasma is highly structured-exhibiting sharp breaks, smooth variations, and apparent plasmoids-and contains ions from both Io and Jupiter's ionosphere with intense bursts of H(+) and H(+)(3). Quasi-periodic changes were seen in flux at approximately 450 and approximately 1500 R(J) with a 10-hour period. Other variations in flow speed at approximately 600 to 1000 R(J) with a 3- to 4-day period may be attributable to plasmoids moving down the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McComas
- Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - L. Raw
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - S. Hall
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - H. Elliott
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - N. Coulson
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - L. Raw
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - A. Rogers
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - S. Hall
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - H. Elliott
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - N. Coulson
- Food and Farming Group; International Animal Health; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
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Sabirovic M, Raw L, Rogers A, Hall S, Elliott H, Coulson N. International disease surveillance. International disease monitoring, October to December 2006. Vet Rec 2007; 160:248-52. [PMID: 17378108 DOI: 10.1136/vr.160.8.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabirovic
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - L. Raw
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - A. Rogers
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - F. Lock
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - S. Hall
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - H. Elliott
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
| | - N. Coulson
- International Animal Health Division; DEFRA; 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ
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Everest SJ, Thorne L, Barnicle DA, Edwards JC, Elliott H, Jackman R, Hope J. Atypical prion protein in sheep brain collected during the British scrapie-surveillance programme. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:471-477. [PMID: 16432036 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie of sheep and goats is the most common prion disease (or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, TSE) of mammals and aggregates of abnormal, proteinase-resistant prion protein (PrPSc) are found in all naturally occurring prion diseases. During active surveillance of British sheep for TSEs, 29 201 sheep brain stem samples were collected from abattoirs and analysed for the presence of PrPSc. Of these samples, 54 were found to be positive by using an ELISA screening test, but 28 of these could not be confirmed initially by immunohistochemistry. These unconfirmed or atypical cases were generally found in PrP genotypes normally associated with relative resistance to clinical scrapie and further biochemical analysis revealed that they contained forms of PrPSc with a relatively protease-sensitive amyloid core, some resembling those of Nor98 scrapie. The presence of these atypical forms of protease-resistant PrP raises concerns that some TSE disorders of PrP metabolism previously may have escaped identification in the British sheep population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Everest
- Department of TSE Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - L Thorne
- Department of TSE Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - D A Barnicle
- Department of TSE Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - J C Edwards
- Department of TSE Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - H Elliott
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - R Jackman
- Department of TSE Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - J Hope
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
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Tongue SC, Pfeiffer DU, Warner R, Elliott H, Del Rio Vilas V. Estimation of the relative risk of developing clinical scrapie: the role of prion protein (PrP) genotype and selection bias. Vet Rec 2006; 158:43-50. [PMID: 16415231 DOI: 10.1136/vr.158.2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) genotype data from statutory confirmed cases and from three non-case datasets have been used to calculate the odds ratio (or) for the development of clinical scrapie for an individual sheep of a given PrP genotype, compared with one possessing the "wild-type" ARQ/ARQ genotype. Logistic regression has been used to estimate the ors, and a multiple-test procedure has been used to evaluate the statistical significance of each comparison. The results are similar to those observed in other studies: the VRQ/VRQ genotype has or point estimates greater than 20; the ARQ/VRQ and ARH/VRQ genotypes have or point estimates between 5 and 20; AHQ/VRQ between 0.03 and 0.1; ARR/VRQ 0.4 and 0.5; all the other PrP genotypes, excluding ARR/ARR, ARR/ARH and AHQ/ARH for which no clinical cases have been recorded have or point estimates of less than 0.3. The estimates derived from each dataset are comparable, but not identical. This can be explained by plausible biases inherent in the sampling of the non-case populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Tongue
- Scrapie Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Elliott H, Gubbins S, Ryan J, Ryder S, Tongue S, Watkins G, Wilesmith J. Prevalence of scrapie in sheep in Great Britain estimated from abattoir surveys during 2002 and 2003. Vet Rec 2005; 157:418-9. [PMID: 16199778 DOI: 10.1136/vr.157.14.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology, VLA-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Maksimovic M, Zouganelis I, Chaufray JY, Issautier K, Scime EE, Littleton JE, Marsch E, McComas DJ, Salem C, Lin RP, Elliott H. Radial evolution of the electron distribution functions in the fast solar wind between 0.3 and 1.5 AU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maksimovic
- LESIA and CNRS; Observatoire de Paris-Meudon; Meudon France
| | - I. Zouganelis
- LESIA and CNRS; Observatoire de Paris-Meudon; Meudon France
| | - J.-Y. Chaufray
- LESIA and CNRS; Observatoire de Paris-Meudon; Meudon France
| | - K. Issautier
- LESIA and CNRS; Observatoire de Paris-Meudon; Meudon France
| | - E. E. Scime
- Department of Physics; West Virginia University; Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - J. E. Littleton
- Department of Physics; West Virginia University; Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - E. Marsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - D. J. McComas
- Space Science and Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - C. Salem
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. P. Lin
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - H. Elliott
- Space Science and Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Parveen
- Prince Charles Hospital, Merthyr Tydfil, UK.
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Anderson SHC, Elliott H, Wallis DJ, Canham LT, Powell JJ. Dissolution of different forms of partially porous silicon wafers under simulated physiological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200306519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
A serous carcinoma and endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma were encountered in an endometrial adenofibroma in a 61-year-old woman. The carcinoma involved the myometrium and cervix (stage IIa). To our knowledge, this is the third documented case of an adenocarcinoma and the first serous carcinoma involving a uterine adenofibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Venkatraman
- Department of Pathology, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Atamna H, Robinson C, Ingersoll R, Elliott H, Ames BN. N-t-Butyl hydroxylamine is an antioxidant that reverses age-related changes in mitochondria in vivo and in vitro. FASEB J 2001; 15:2196-204. [PMID: 11641246 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0134com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
N-t-butyl hydroxylamine (NtBHA) delays senescence-dependent changes in human lung fibroblasts (IMR90) (Atamna et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6741-6748). The current study examines the effect of NtBHA on mitochondria in old and young rats and human primary fibroblasts (IMR90). In NtBHA-treated rats, the age-dependent decline in food consumption and ambulatory activity was reversed without affecting body weight. The respiratory control ratio of mitochondria from liver of old rats improved after feeding NtBHA. These findings suggest that NtBHA improved mitochondrial function in vivo. The age-dependent increase in proteins with thiol-mixed disulfides was significantly lower in old rats treated with NtBHA. NtBHA was effective only in old rats; no significant effect was observed in young rats. In IMR90 cells, NtBHA delayed senescence-associated changes in mitochondria and cellular senescence induced by maintaining the cells under suboptimal levels of growth factors. Proteasomal activity was also higher in cells treated with NtBHA than in untreated cells. NtBHA accumulates in cells 10- to 15-fold the extracellular concentration and is maintained by mitochondrial NADH. NtBHA is an antioxidant that is recycled by mitochondrial electron transport chain and prevents radical-induced toxicity to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Atamna
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley/CHORI, Oakland, California 94609, USA
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This paper is based on a qualitative study that aimed to identify factors that facilitate or impede evidence-based policy making at a local level in the UK National Health Service (NHS). It considers how models of research utilisation drawn from the social sciences map onto empirical evidence from this study. DESIGN A literature review and case studies of social research projects that were initiated by NHS health authority managers or GP fundholders in one region of the NHS. In depth interviews and document analysis were used. SETTING One NHS region in England. PARTICIPANTS Policy makers, GPs and researchers working on each of the social research projects selected as case studies. MAIN RESULTS The direct influence of research evidence on decision making was tempered by factors such as financial constraints, shifting timescales and decision makers' own experiential knowledge. Research was more likely to impact on policy in indirect ways, including shaping policy debate and mediating dialogue between service providers and users. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the role of sustained dialogue between researchers and the users of research in improving the utilisation of research-based evidence in the policy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott
- National Primary Care Research and Development Centre at Salford, Public Health Research Resource Centre, The University of Salford, Humphrey Booth House, Hulme Place, The Crescent, Salford M5 4 NY
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Abstract
Some of the major practical and theoretical issues that are associated with gene-targeting studies in mice are discussed. The availability of sufficient space to house the extensive breeding colonies associated with studies in gene-manipulated mice is an important logistical consideration that requires consideration at an early stage. A practical example is discussed which illustrates some of these issues. Problems associated with disease control and methods of maintaining the health status of valuable colonies are also outlined. Differences in the behavioural phenotype of inbred mouse strains pose important issues for study design and selection of host mouse lines. The results from studies exploring variations in the behavioural phenotype of six common inbred strains are briefly outlined. The impact of phenotypic variation on behavioural studies is considered and the implications for experimental design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hagan
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK
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Lioe TF, Elliott H, Allen DC, Spence RA. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the investigation of superficial lymphadenopathy; uses and limitations of the technique. Cytopathology 1999; 10:291-7. [PMID: 10588346 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2303.1999.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspirates (n = 163) from 157 patients with enlarged superficial lymph nodes were obtained over a 5-year period in a combined surgical/FNAC clinic. A definitive diagnosis was achieved in over 77% of the cases: benign 52.7%, malignant 25.1%. The diagnostic accuracy was 94.4%, sensitivity 85.4%, and specificity 100%. The false-negative rate was 12.5% but decreased to 3.5% when lymphoma cases were excluded. There were 36 cases of metastatic disease, the majority of which were from a primary breast carcinoma. The main diagnostic difficulty was in distinguishing low-grade lymphoma from reactive hyperplasia. An added advantage was that aspirated material could be used in ancillary tests to help with the differential diagnosis. FNAC has a well-defined role in the investigation of superficial lymphadenopathy. Used in the proper setting it will provide a definitive diagnosis in the majority of cases, especially relating to recurrent malignancy or metastatic disease. Patients with a reactive cytological picture and no clinically suspicious symptoms could be spared unnecessary surgery and reviewed through follow up. This technique is cost-effective, of high diagnostic accuracy, and results in considerable resource savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Lioe
- Department of Cyto/Histopathology, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast, UK
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Harries U, Elliott H, Higgins A. Evidence-based policy-making in the NHS: exploring the interface between research and the commissioning process. J Public Health Med 1999; 21:29-36. [PMID: 10321856 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/21.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK National Health Service (NHS) R&D strategy acknowledges the importance of developing an NHS where practice and policy is more evidence-based. This paper is based on a qualitative study which aimed to identify factors which facilitate or impede evidence-based policy-making at a local level in the NHS. METHODS The study involved a literature review and case studies of social research projects which were initiated by NHS health authority managers or general practitioner (GP) fundholders in one region of the NHS. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with lead policy-makers, GPs and researchers working on each of the case studies and analysis of project documentation. RESULTS An over-arching theme from the analysis was that of the complexity of R&D in purchasing. The two worlds of research and health services management often sit uncomfortably together. For this reason it was not possible to describe a 'blueprint' for successful R&D, although several important issues emerged. These include sharing an appropriate model for research utilization, the importance of relationships in shaping R&D, the importance of influence and commitment in facilitating evidence-based change, and the resourcing of R&D in purchasing. CONCLUSIONS These issues have important implications for the strategic development of R&D as well as for individual project application. Moving beyond the rhetoric of evidence-based policy-making is more likely if both policy-makers and researchers openly acknowledge this complexity and give due concern to the issues outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harries
- Public Health Research and Resource Centre, University of Salford
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Elliott H. Use of formal and informal care among people with prolonged fatigue: a review of the literature. Br J Gen Pract 1999; 49:131-4. [PMID: 10326269 PMCID: PMC1313351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged fatigue is a common symptom in the community and a common complaint in GPs' surgeries. The current consensus is that prolonged fatigue is most appropriately managed within primary care but that quality of care is patchy. Diagnosis is difficult and there is no conclusive evidence about effective treatment. This can lead to confusion and controversy among lay people and health professionals alike. Although the value of a positive doctor-patient relationship is emphasized, general practice consultations are frequently experienced as difficult by both parties. Moreover, little is known about how people access other sources of care and information about prolonged fatigue, such as alternative medicine, self-help groups, lay others, and self care, in conjunction with or as an alternative to care from health professionals. This paper reviews the literature on the nature and extent of the problem prolonged fatigue represents for primary care, and on the use of formal and informal care for prolonged fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott
- National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, University of Salford, Manchester.
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Jennings M, Batchelor GR, Brain PF, Dick A, Elliott H, Francis RJ, Hubrecht RC, Hurst JL, Morton DB, Peters AG, Raymond R, Sales GD, Sherwin CM, West C. Refining rodent husbandry: the mouse. Report of the Rodent Refinement Working Party. Lab Anim 1998; 32:233-59. [PMID: 9718472 DOI: 10.1258/002367798780559301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important adjunct to the preoperative management of thyroid swellings. It is a simple and highly cost effective procedure with a higher sensitivity for the detection of malignancy than ultrasound and radio-isotope scans. We audited a total of 208 aspirates performed over a 3-year period. In our experience 61% of solitary thyroid swellings can be diagnosed confidently on FNA cytology as either non-neoplastic (46%) or neoplastic (15%). Based on these two groups the sensitivity is 91% and specificity 94%. The specificity, however, decreases to 40% if the group reactive vs neoplastic, which comprises 10-15% of cases and requires surgical intervention, is included. The positive predictive value for malignant disease is 94% while the false-negative and -positive rates excluding the unsatisfactory and reactive vs neoplastic groups are low at 2.7% and 5.4%, respectively (involving non-neoplastic lesions and benign tumours only). There was no case of malignant cytology with a benign biopsy follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Lioe
- Department of Histo/Cytopathology, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
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Abstract
The two main body axes in Drosophila become polarised as a result of a series of symmetry-breaking steps during oogenesis. Two of the sixteen germline cells in each egg chamber develop as pro-oocytes, and the first asymmetry arises when one of these cells is selected to become the oocyte. Anterior-posterior polarity originates when the oocyte then comes to lie posterior to the nurse cells and signals through the Gurken/Egfr pathway to induce the adjacent follicle cells to adopt a posterior fate. This directs the movement of the germinal vesicle and associated gurken mRNA from the posterior to an anterior corner of the oocyte, where Gurken protein signals for a second time to induce the dorsal follicle cells, thereby polarising the dorsal-ventral axis. Here we describe a group of five genes, the spindle loci, which are required for each of these polarising events. spindle mutants inhibit the induction of both the posterior and dorsal follicle cells by disrupting the localisation and translation of gurken mRNA. Moreover, the oocyte often fails to reach the posterior of mutant egg chambers and differentiates abnormally. Finally, double mutants cause both pro-oocytes to develop as oocytes, by delaying the choice between these two cells. Thus, these mutants reveal a novel link between oocyte selection, oocyte positioning and axis formation in Drosophila, leading us to propose that the spindle genes act in a process that is common to several of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Reyes
- The Wellcome/CRC Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Micklem DR, Dasgupta R, Elliott H, Gergely F, Davidson C, Brand A, González-Reyes A, St Johnston D. The mago nashi gene is required for the polarisation of the oocyte and the formation of perpendicular axes in Drosophila. Curr Biol 1997; 7:468-78. [PMID: 9210377 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila axis formation requires a series of inductive interactions between the oocyte and the somatic follicle cells. Early in oogenesis, Gurken protein, a member of the transforming growth factor alpha family, is produced by the oocyte to induce the adiacent follicle cells to adopt a posterior cell fate. These cells subsequently send an unidentified signal back to the oocyte to induce the formation of a polarised microtubule array that defines the anterior-posterior axis. The polarised microtubules also direct the movement of the nucleus and gurken mRNA from the posterior to the anterior of the oocyte, where Gurken signals a second time to induce the dorsal follicle cells, thereby polarising the dorsal-ventral axis. RESULTS In addition to its previously described role in the localisation of oskar mRNA, the mago nashi gene is required in the germ line for the transduction of the polarising signal from the posterior follicle cells. Using a new in vivo marker for microtubules, we show that mago nashi mutant oocytes develop a symmetric microtubule cytoskeleton that leads to the transient localisation of bicoid mRNA to both poles. Furthermore, the oocyte nucleus often fails to migrate to the anterior, causing the second Gurken signal to be sent in the same direction as the first. This results in a novel phenotype in which the anterior of the egg is ventralised and the posterior dorsalised, demonstrating that the migration of the oocyte nucleus determines the relative orientation of the two principal axes of Drosophila. The mago nashi gene is highly conserved from plants to animals, and encodes a protein that is predominantly localised to nuclei. CONCLUSIONS The mago nashi gene plays two essential roles in Drosophila axis formation: it is required downstream of the signal from the posterior follicle cells for the polarisation of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton, and has a second, independent role in the localisation of oskar mRNA to the posterior of the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Micklem
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott
- Holistic Nurses Association, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital South, Shropshire, UK
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49
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether simple scores from a dietary questionnaire could identify those with high dietary fat or low P:S ratio intakes, for intensive dietary intervention. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. SETTING Community setting in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. SUBJECTS Two random samples of adults 35-69 years from the electoral roll. In the cross-sectional study 287/322 (86%) subjects completed the diet questionnaire and a reference standard questionnaire. In the longitudinal study 546/653 (84%) of subjects completed the diet questionnaire, and had blood cholesterol measured on two occasions, 3 months apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In the cross-sectional study, the simple scores of total fat intake (Fat Intake Score) and P:S ratio (Unsaturated Score) were compared with the daily intakes of total fat and P:S ratio obtained from the standard questionnaire. In the longitudinal study, changes in the scores were compared with changes in blood total cholesterol. RESULTS A Fat Intake Score of greater than 125 had the best receiver operator characteristics for identifying high total fat intake (> 100 g/day: sensitivity = 67%, specificity = 70%). An Unsaturated Score of less than 0.3 had the best characteristics for identifying a low P:S ratio (< 0.5: sensitivity = 63%, specificity = 60%). Subjects who decreased Fat Intake Score by one category, had a fall in blood cholesterol of 0.14 mmol L-1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01-0.26 mmol L-1), while those decreasing by two categories decreased their blood cholesterol by 0.56 mmol L-1 (95% CI = 0.30-0.86 mmol L-1). Subjects increasing their Unsaturated Score category had a fall in blood cholesterol of 0.17 mmol L-1 (95% CI = 0.02-0.32 mmol L-1). CONCLUSION Simple dietary scores can identify those with high fat intakes, and monitor changes related to changes in blood cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kinlay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Royal Newcastle Hospital, NSW, Australia
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Lioe TF, Elliott H, Allen DC, Spence RA. A 3 year audit of fine needle aspirates from a symptomatic breast clinic. Ulster Med J 1997; 66:24-7. [PMID: 9185486 PMCID: PMC2448706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A total of 2431 fine needle aspirates of symptomatic breast lumps was performed on 2096 patients over the last three years at the weekly head, neck and breast clinic at the Belfast City Hospital Trust. Diagnostic accuracy was achieved within the recommended standards although the "insufficient" rate was high at 31.8%. False negative and positive rates were low and the positive predictive value for malignancy was 99%. Excision biopsy for benign breast disease had decreased by almost a third during this period. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a highly accurate and cost-effective technique for the investigation of symptomatic breast lumps and results in significant savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Lioe
- Department of Histo/Cytopathology, Belfast City Hospital
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