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Dasgupta R, Singha A. Mondor's disease: an overlooked clinical entity. QJM 2023; 116:1027-1028. [PMID: 37410150 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Singha
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata 20, India
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Uthman A, Connor M, Khoo C, Rai A, Bass E, Agarwal S, Dasgupta R, Winkler M, Abboudi H, El-Husseiny T, Ahmed H. Rezum thermotherapy for large prostate volumes (>/= 80 cc): 2-year clinical outcomes. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Gauhar V, Kocak M, Dasgupta R, Ganpule A, Chawla A, Lim E, De La Rosette J. Does gender influence Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy practice (ESWL)? Results form a global survey. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Lohith G, Krithikaa S, Kallur K, Swamy S, Ramaswamy V, Bj S, Pichandi A, Tungappa S, Patil S, Amalraj J, Ghosh R, Dasgupta R, Naik R, Rahul M, Naseer M, Kumar BA. Flagging the Merited Lesions-Fibroblast 1 and 4 Imaging to Map the Key Avid Domains for Spiked Antigenicity Using SBRT In Situ Vaccination and Metronomic Radiation with Anti PDL-1 Therapy for Augmented Abscopal-Radscopal Responses in Disseminated Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Connor M, Rai A, Khoo C, Bass E, Eldred-Evans D, Agarwal S, Winkler M, Abboudi H, Dasgupta R, El-Husseiny T, Ahmed H. Patient-reported outcome measures and surgical retreatment rates from 181 patients treated with water vapor thermal therapy (Rezūm™). Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ho C, Palaniappan V, Ting A, Khoo C, Forster L, Kondjin-Smith M, Abboudi H, Hanna M, El-Husseiny T, Dasgupta R. 746 Single-Centre Experience with Three Metallic Ureteric Stents (Allium URS, Memokath-051 and Resonance) for Chronic Ureteric Obstruction. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To evaluate efficacy of Allium URS, Memokath 051 and Resonance metallic ureteric stents as an alternative to polymer stents/nephrostomy in managing chronic ureteric obstruction (CUO).
Method
Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with CUO managed with Allium URS, Memokath-051 or Resonance (September 2015/July 2020). Baseline patient variables (age, gender, underlying aetiology, ASA) and stricture characteristics (length, level, continuity) were recorded. Intra- and post-operative clinical and radiological follow-up assessments at 6 weeks, 3 months and then every 6 months, as well as any emergency attendances, were reviewed for placement success, stent complications, serum creatinine, and mortality. Outcomes included placement success rate, functional stent survival, and mean renal function.
Results
Overall, 129 stent insertion episodes (SIEs) (Allium URS: 23, Memokath 051: 48, Resonance: 58) occurred in 76 patients (Allium URS: 16; Memokath-051: 31; Resonance: 29). Placement success was high (Allium URS: 95.7%; Memokath-051 and Resonance: both 100%). Median functional stent survival was 11.4 months for Allium URS, 5.5 months for Memokath-051 and 11.7 months for Resonance. 47.8% of Allium URS SIEs (11/23), 64.6% of Memokath-051 SIEs (31/48) and 19% of Resonance SIEs (11/58) experienced complication (most frequently obstruction followed by migration and infection). There were no complications for Resonance SIEs for benign indication. In the first year following SIE, serum creatinine ranged from +21.3% to + 46.7% for Allium URS, -7.8% to + 8.9% for Memokath-051, and -9.4% to + 27.3% for Resonance.
Conclusions
Allium URS, Memokath 051 and Resonance metallic ureteric stents are all viable management options of CUO. Resonance was particularly efficacious for patients with benign aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ho
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Ting
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Khoo
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Forster
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Kondjin-Smith
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Abboudi
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Hanna
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - T El-Husseiny
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Dasgupta
- Imperial Endourology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
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Ting A, Shanmugathas N, Khoo C, Dasgupta R, El-Husseiny T, Abboudi H. 525 Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Minimally invasive surgical treatments (MISTs) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have evolved to offer men daycase care with preservation of urinary continence and sexual function. This systematic review evaluates trends in minimally invasive BPH surgery over the last decade
Method
Systematic review (PRISMA) of Embase/MEDLINE databases (2010-2020). MISTs included Rezum, Urolift, Prostatic Artery Embolisation (PAE), Temporary Implantable Nitinol Device (TIND), Intraprostatic Injection, Transurethral Microwave Therapy (TUMT) and Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA). Primary outcome: urinary functional change (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)/maximum flow (Qmax)). Secondary outcomes: sexual functional change (International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5)), technical failures and complications.
Results
74 studies were included (total: 8,917 patients). Primary: all interventions offered improvement in IPSS and Qmax (intervention (no. studies): range IPSS change, range Qmax change, range months follow-up; Rezum (4): -46.7% to -62.7%, +17.6% to + 55.6%, 6-48; Urolift (11): -35.2% to -64.2%, +16.7% to + 89.6%, 1-60; PAE (36): -36.8% to -85.2%, +17.4% to + 155.2%, 3-38; TIND (2): -36.8% to -59.6%, +32.9% to + 95.9%, 12-36; Intraprostatic Injection (14): -24.3% to -62%, +8.7% to + 98.4%, 3-24; TUMT (4): -56.1% to -58.7%, +12.9% to + 60.2%, 6-60; TUNA (3): -17.6% to -63.2%, +3.9% to + 39%, 1-120). Secondary: 33 studies of all interventions bar TIND and TUMT reported IIEF-5 change; sexual function was largely preserved. Technical failures and Clavien-Dindo ≥3 complications were rare.
Conclusions
MISTs for BPH are efficacious and safe. Randomised comparisons with long-term urinary and sexual follow-up are needed to guide choice; until then, patients should be carefully counselled based on individual priorities and circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ting
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Shanmugathas
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Khoo
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Dasgupta
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - T El-Husseiny
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Abboudi
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Dasgupta R, Cameron S, Aucott L, Maclennan G, Thomas R, N’dow J, Norrie J, Anson K, Keeley F, Maclennan S, Starr K, Mcclinton S. TISU (Therepeutic Intervention for Stones in the Ureter): ESWL versus Ureteroscopy, a multicentre RCT. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dasgupta R, Orlowski A, Sekelj S, Ashton R, Kayes O. Assessing burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a National Health Service: A real-world data analysis. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saltzman AF, Carrasco A, Amini A, Aldrink JH, Dasgupta R, Gow KW, Glick RD, Ehrlich PF, Cost NG. Patterns of lymph node sampling and the impact of lymph node density in favorable histology Wilms tumor: An analysis of the national cancer database. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:161.e1-161.e8. [PMID: 29133167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is controversy about the role of lymph node (LN) sampling or dissection in the management of favorable histology (FH) Wilms tumor (WT), specifically how it performed and how it may impact survival. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting LN sampling patterns and the impact of LN yield and density (number of positive LNs/LNs examined) on overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced-stage favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT). METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients with FHWT during 2004-2013. Demographic, clinical and OS data were abstracted for those who underwent surgical resection. Poisson regression was performed to analyze how factors influenced LN yield. Patients with positive LNs had LN density calculated and were further analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2340 patients met criteria, with a median age at diagnosis of 3 years (range 0-78 years). The median number of LNs examined was three (range 0-87). Lymph node yield was affected by age, race, insurance, tumor size, laterality, advanced stage, LN positivity, and institutional volume. A total of 390 (16.6%) patients had LN-positive disease. Median LN density for these LN-positive patients was 0.38 (range 0.02-1) (Summary Figure). Estimated 5-year OS was significantly improved for those with LN density ≤0.38 vs. >0.38 (94% vs. 84.6%, P = 0.012). In this population, on multivariate analysis, age and LN density were significant predictors of OS. DISCUSSION It is difficult to compile large numbers of cases in rare diseases like WT, and fortunately a large administrative database such as the NCDB can serve as a great resource. However, administrative data come with inherent limitations such as missing data and inability to account for a variety of factors that may influence LN yield and/or OS (specimen designation, pathologist experience, surgeon experience/volume, institutional Children's Oncology Group (COG) association, etc.). In this specific disease, the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging (captured by the NCDB) is different than the COG WT staging system that is used clinically, and the NCDB does not capture oncologic outcomes beyond OS. CONCLUSIONS In a review of the NCDB, various factors associated with LN yield and observed LN density were identified to be significantly associated with OS in patients with LN-positive FHWT. This reinforces the need for adequate LN sampling at the time of WT surgery, to maximize surgical disease control. It was proposed that LN density as a metric may allow for improved risk-stratification, and possibly allow for therapeutic reduction in a sub-set of patients with low LN density.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Saltzman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Carrasco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K W Gow
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R D Glick
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Medical Center of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - P F Ehrlich
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N G Cost
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Dasgupta R, Ray PP, Maity A, Pradhan D, Sarkar S, Maiti BR. DUAL ACTION OF ARECOLINE ON ADRENAL FUNCTION AND GLUCOSE-GLYCOGEN HOMEOSTASIS IN METABOLIC STRESS IN MICE. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2017; 13:400-409. [PMID: 31149208 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background People chew betel nut (Areca catechu) for physical work and stress reduction, but it contains arecoline, which has both therapeutic value and untoward effects on endocrine and gonadal functions. Objective Aim of the present study is to investigate its role on adrenal with its target in metabolic stress in mice. Materials and methods Mice were deprived of water / food, each for 5 days / treated with arecoline (10 mg / kg body wt daily for 5 days) / arecoline after water or food deprivation, for 5 days each. Results Water or food-deprivation caused adrenocortical hyperactivity, evident from abundance of enlarged mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) with elevation of corticosterone level (C: 68.31 ± 2.30, WD: 159.31 ± 4.10 / FD: 194.12 ± 3.40 μg/ mL). Arecoline treatment alone or in water deprivation (C: 68.31 ± 2.30, AR: 144.50 ± 4.33, AR+WD: 194.42 ± 3.35 μg/ mL) / food deprivation (AR + FD: 180.89 ± 4.51 μg/ mL) stress also stimulated adrenocortical activity as recorded in metabolic stress. In contrast, adrenomedullary activity was not altered following water/ food deprivation. Arecoline treatment alone or in metabolic stress suppressed adrenomedullary activity by showing depletion of chromaffin granules (E/NE?), epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. Both the stress decreased blood glucose and liver glycogen levels. Arecoline treatment decreased blood glucose level, with a rise in liver glycogen level, but elevated blood glucose level in water deprivation unlike in starvation. Conclusion Arecoline alone or in metabolic stress involves adrenal and probably other endocrine glands (pancreas, posterior pituitary and rennin-angiotensin system) to maintain homeostasis in metabolic stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- University of Calcutta, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
| | - P Paramita Ray
- Bangabasi College, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
| | - A Maity
- University of Calcutta, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
| | - D Pradhan
- University of Calcutta, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
| | - S Sarkar
- City College, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
| | - B R Maiti
- University of Calcutta, Department of Zoology, Calcutta, India
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Low J, Koh J, Leong H, Lau D, Zhang X, Kwang X, Chan J, Rikka S, Tan DSW, Periyasamy G, Iyer N, Dasgupta R. A chemical genetics approach to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities in Gefitinib resistant, EGFR T790M. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx511.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abramowicz H, Abusleme A, Afanaciev K, Alipour Tehrani N, Balázs C, Benhammou Y, Benoit M, Bilki B, Blaising JJ, Boland MJ, Boronat M, Borysov O, Božović-Jelisavčić I, Buckland M, Bugiel S, Burrows PN, Charles TK, Daniluk W, Dannheim D, Dasgupta R, Demarteau M, Díaz Gutierrez MA, Eigen G, Elsener K, Felzmann U, Firlej M, Firu E, Fiutowski T, Fuster J, Gabriel M, Gaede F, García I, Ghenescu V, Goldstein J, Green S, Grefe C, Hauschild M, Hawkes C, Hynds D, Idzik M, Kačarević G, Kalinowski J, Kananov S, Klempt W, Kopec M, Krawczyk M, Krupa B, Kucharczyk M, Kulis S, Laštovička T, Lesiak T, Levy A, Levy I, Linssen L, Lukić S, Maier AA, Makarenko V, Marshall JS, Martin VJ, Mei K, Milutinović-Dumbelović G, Moroń J, Moszczyński A, Moya D, Münker RM, Münnich A, Neagu AT, Nikiforou N, Nikolopoulos K, Nürnberg A, Pandurović M, Pawlik B, Perez Codina E, Peric I, Petric M, Pitters F, Poss SG, Preda T, Protopopescu D, Rassool R, Redford S, Repond J, Robson A, Roloff P, Ros E, Rosenblat O, Ruiz-Jimeno A, Sailer A, Schlatter D, Schulte D, Shumeiko N, Sicking E, Simon F, Simoniello R, Sopicki P, Stapnes S, Ström R, Strube J, Świentek KP, Szalay M, Tesař M, Thomson MA, Trenado J, Uggerhøj UI, van der Kolk N, van der Kraaij E, Vicente Barreto Pinto M, Vila I, Vogel Gonzalez M, Vos M, Vossebeld J, Watson M, Watson N, Weber MA, Weerts H, Wells JD, Weuste L, Winter A, Wojtoń T, Xia L, Xu B, Żarnecki AF, Zawiejski L, Zgura IS. Higgs physics at the CLIC electron-positron linear collider. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:475. [PMID: 28943795 PMCID: PMC5587080 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is an option for a future [Formula: see text] collider operating at centre-of-mass energies up to [Formula: see text], providing sensitivity to a wide range of new physics phenomena and precision physics measurements at the energy frontier. This paper is the first comprehensive presentation of the Higgs physics reach of CLIC operating at three energy stages: [Formula: see text], 1.4 and [Formula: see text]. The initial stage of operation allows the study of Higgs boson production in Higgsstrahlung ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]-fusion ([Formula: see text]), resulting in precise measurements of the production cross sections, the Higgs total decay width [Formula: see text], and model-independent determinations of the Higgs couplings. Operation at [Formula: see text] provides high-statistics samples of Higgs bosons produced through [Formula: see text]-fusion, enabling tight constraints on the Higgs boson couplings. Studies of the rarer processes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] allow measurements of the top Yukawa coupling and the Higgs boson self-coupling. This paper presents detailed studies of the precision achievable with Higgs measurements at CLIC and describes the interpretation of these measurements in a global fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Abramowicz
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A. Abusleme
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K. Afanaciev
- National Scientific and Educational Centre of Particle and High Energy Physics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - C. Balázs
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y. Benhammou
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M. Benoit
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (DPNC), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B. Bilki
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - J.-J. Blaising
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - M. Boronat
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - O. Borysov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - S. Bugiel
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | | | | | - W. Daniluk
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | | | - R. Dasgupta
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | | | | | - G. Eigen
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - U. Felzmann
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Firlej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - E. Firu
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania
| | - T. Fiutowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - J. Fuster
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Gabriel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - F. Gaede
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. García
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V. Ghenescu
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - S. Green
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - C. Hawkes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - M. Idzik
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - G. Kačarević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J. Kalinowski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Kananov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - M. Kopec
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - M. Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B. Krupa
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | - M. Kucharczyk
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | | | - T. Laštovička
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Lesiak
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | - A. Levy
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I. Levy
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - S. Lukić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - V. Makarenko
- National Scientific and Educational Centre of Particle and High Energy Physics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - J. S. Marshall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - K. Mei
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - J. Moroń
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - A. Moszczyński
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | - D. Moya
- IFCA, CSIC-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - A. T. Neagu
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - K. Nikolopoulos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - M. Pandurović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B. Pawlik
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | | | - I. Peric
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - T. Preda
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R. Rassool
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - J. Repond
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | | | | | - E. Ros
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - O. Rosenblat
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - N. Shumeiko
- National Scientific and Educational Centre of Particle and High Energy Physics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - F. Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | | | - P. Sopicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | - K. P. Świentek
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Crakow, Poland
| | - M. Szalay
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Tesař
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - M. A. Thomson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Trenado
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - E. van der Kraaij
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M. Vicente Barreto Pinto
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (DPNC), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I. Vila
- IFCA, CSIC-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - M. Vos
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M. Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N. Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - H. Weerts
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - J. D. Wells
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - L. Weuste
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Winter
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T. Wojtoń
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | - L. Xia
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - B. Xu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. F. Żarnecki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L. Zawiejski
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Crakow, Poland
| | - I.-S. Zgura
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Dasgupta R, Strausbaugh B, Thatcher F, Timbadia PJ, Reddy V, Cunningham J, Dasgupta A. 0551 BILEVEL PAP EXPERIENCE IN A COMMUNITY SLEEP CENTER. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Chaturvedi S, Ramji S, Arora NK, Rewal S, Dasgupta R, Deshmukh V. Time-constrained mother and expanding market: emerging model of under-nutrition in India. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:632. [PMID: 27456223 PMCID: PMC4960674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent high levels of under-nutrition in India despite economic growth continue to challenge political leadership and policy makers at the highest level. The present inductive enquiry was conducted to map the perceptions of mothers and other key stakeholders, to identify emerging drivers of childhood under-nutrition. Methods We conducted a multi-centric qualitative investigation in six empowered action group states of India. The study sample included 509 in-depth interviews with mothers of undernourished and normal nourished children, policy makers, district level managers, implementer and facilitators. Sixty six focus group discussions and 72 non-formal interactions were conducted in two rounds with primary caretakers of undernourished children, Anganwadi Workers and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives. Results Based on the perceptions of the mothers and other key stakeholders, a model evolved inductively showing core themes as drivers of under-nutrition. The most forceful emerging themes were: multitasking, time constrained mother with dwindling family support; fragile food security or seasonal food paucity; child targeted market with wide availability and consumption of ready-to-eat market food items; rising non-food expenditure, in the context of rising food prices; inadequate and inappropriate feeding; delayed recognition of under-nutrition and delayed care seeking; and inadequate responsiveness of health care system and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). The study emphasized that the persistence of child malnutrition in India is also tied closely to the high workload and consequent time constraint of mothers who are increasingly pursuing income generating activities and enrolled in paid labour force, without robust institutional support for childcare. Conclusion The emerging framework needs to be further tested through mixed and multiple method research approaches to quantify the contribution of time limitation of the mother on the current burden of child under-nutrition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3189-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaturvedi
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Ramji
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - N K Arora
- The INCLEN Trust International, F-1/5, Second Floor, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi, India.
| | - S Rewal
- Child Nutrition, New Delhi, India
| | - R Dasgupta
- Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - V Deshmukh
- The INCLEN Trust International, F-1/5, Second Floor, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi, India
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16
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Roy A, Dasgupta R, Modak S, Das A, Sengupta K. Periodic dynamics of fermionic superfluids in the BCS regime. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:205703. [PMID: 23628739 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/20/205703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the zero temperature non-equilibrium dynamics of a fermionic superfluid in the BCS limit and in the presence of a drive leading to a time-dependent chemical potential μ(t). We choose a periodic driving protocol characterized by a frequency ω and compute the fermion density, the wavefunction overlap, and the residual energy of the system at the end of N periods of the drive. We demonstrate that the BCS self-consistency condition is crucial in shaping the long time behaviour of the fermions subjected to the drive and provide an analytical understanding of the behaviour of the fermion density nkF (where kF is the Fermi momentum vector) after a drive period and for large ω. We also show that the momentum distribution of the excitations generated due to such a drive bears the signature of the pairing symmetry and can be used, for example, to distinguish between s- and d-wave superfluids. We propose experiments to test our theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- TCMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
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17
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Dutta D, Shivaprasad KS, Das RN, Ghosh S, Chatterjee U, Chowdhury S, Dasgupta R. Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development due to 47,XYY/46,XY/45,X mixed gonadal dysgenesis in a phenotypic male presenting as cyclical haematuria: clinical presentation and assessment of long-term outcomes. Andrologia 2012; 46:191-3. [PMID: 23163819 DOI: 10.1111/and.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation (OTDSD) is a rare cause of disorder of sexual differentiation predominantly having 46,XX karyotype, female phenotype and ambiguous genitalia. We report a 15-year-old having male body habitus, axillary and pubic hair, well-developed penis and right-descended testis with history of penoscrotal hypospadias correction, presenting with three episodes of cyclical haematuria, who biochemically had normal serum testosterone (338 ng dl(-1) ) which increased following hCG stimulation (614 ng dl(-1) ), elevated estradiol (17.35 pg ml(-1) ) along with elevated luteinising hormone (11.3 mIU l(-1) ) and follicle-stimulating hormone (31 mIU l(-1) ). Ultrasonography followed by micturating cystourethrogram and cystoscopy confirmed the presence of prostate, uterus, cervix and vagina draining into the urogenital sinus continuing till the penile urethra and left intra-abdominal gonad. Patient underwent hysterectomy and left gonadectomy. Histopathologic study of resected gonad confirmed presence of ovotestis. Low estradiol (1.2 pg ml(-1) ) following gonadectomy confirmed the ovotestis origin of estradiol. Chromosomal analysis revealed complex karyotype predominant being 47,XYY (50%) followed by 46,XY (26%) and 45,X (24%). This is perhaps the first report of 47,XYY/46,XY/45,X causing OTDSD in a phenotypic male.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
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18
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Abstract
It is shown that by appropriately choosing the periodicity of a blinking optical trap only larger sized colloidal spheres can be selectively trapped out of a mixed population. This happens because smaller sized, more agile, spheres escape out of the trap volume during the off period of the trap beam. Therefore, by scanning an array of blinking traps over a mixed sample, bigger spheres can be forced to move with the traps and eventually could be taken to the output side. Experimental demonstration of sorting between 1 µm and 2 µm diameter silica spheres is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, Indore, India.
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Lahariya C, Dhawan J, Pandey RM, Chaturvedi S, Deshmukh V, Dasgupta R, Suresh K, Ramji S, Adhish V, Goswami K, Rewal S, Choudhury P, Das MK, Arora NK. Interdistrict variations in child health status and health services utilization: lessons for health sector priority setting and planning from a cross-sectional survey in rural India. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:137-141. [PMID: 22963289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on interdistrict variations in child health status and health services utilization within the states of India. We conducted this study to identify and understand district-wise variations in child morbidity, mortality, healthcare seeking, and the status of health facilities in India. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based cluster survey was conducted from April to July 2007 in 16 districts of eight states in India. Two districts with similar demographic profile and health criteria were selected from each study state. RESULTS A total of 216 794 households and 24 812 under-5 children were surveyed. There were wide interdistrict variations in the health status of children within the same state and between different states across India. Interdistrict difference of >5 points/1000 live-births was found for infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rate in all eight study states, while in six out of eight states this difference was >10 points/1000 live-births. Four states had a difference of >10 points/1000 live-births between respective districts for neonatal mortality rate. The interdistrict differences were also noted in childhood morbidity and health-seeking behaviour. Analysis of proportion of health facilities conforming to Indian public health standards revealed that the difference was m10% for availability of vaccines in five states, emergency services in three, laboratory services and logistics in four each, and referral facility in three of the eight study states. CONCLUSION This study underscores an important information gap in the country where planners seem to rely heavily on a few selected national-level databases that may not be adequate at the micro level. The current process of sporadic health surveys also appears inadequate and inappropriate. There is a need for district-specific data for planning, improving quality of service and generating demand for health service utilization to improve child survival in India. The findings of this study may prove useful for child health programme planning in India.
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20
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Sandhu G, Dasgupta R, Ranade A, Baskin M. Pneumocystis pneumonia in an HIV-negative patient with no overt risk factors on presentation. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:927-9. [PMID: 20356991 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00180509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Dasgupta R. Choice of abdominal radiograph vs. computed tomography for following ureteric calculi. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:184. [PMID: 19196354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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22
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Lucas CM, Wang L, Austin GM, Knight K, Watmough SJ, Shwe KH, Dasgupta R, Butt NM, Galvani D, Hoyle CF, Seale JRC, Clark RE. A population study of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia demonstrates lower efficacy than in clinical trials. Leukemia 2008; 22:1963-6. [PMID: 18754023 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Dasgupta R, Ahlquist P, Kaesberg P. Sequence of the 3' untranslated region of brome mosaic virus coat protein messenger RNA. Virology 2008; 104:339-46. [PMID: 18631666 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 3' terminal 337 bases of BMV (brome mosaic virus) coat protein mRNA (BMV RNA4) are presented. This sequence includes the terminal portion of the coat protein cistron and the complete 300-base 3' noncoding sequence. The 3' noncoding sequence displays significant complementarity to the 5' terminal sequence of BMV RNA3 but not to the 5' terminal sequence of BMV RNA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Biophysics Laboratory of the Graduate School and Biochemistry Department of the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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25
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Arora NK, Dasgupta R, Sushant L. The polio eradication initiative in India : need for evidence based actions. Indian J Med Res 2007; 126:500-501. [PMID: 18219074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N K Arora
- International Clinical Epidemiology Network, New Delhi 110049, India.
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27
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Niu LL, Kiley LM, Dasgupta R, Kohler P, Christensen BM. Three regulatory regions of the Aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene differentially regulate expression: identification of a crucial regulator in the first exon. Insect Mol Biol 2003; 12:571-579. [PMID: 14986918 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegyptiglutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed constitutively at various developmental stages and its relative mRNA abundance increases in the midgut following blood feeding in support of the biosynthesis of chitin, a component of the peritrophic matrix. To understand the regulation of GS expression better, GS-luciferase reporter fusion genes were constructed and analysed in transiently transfected C6/36 cells. These studies have identified three GS regions: GS-A, -B and -C (C1, C2) that are required for efficient transcription. The crucial regulatory DNA sequence is located within 140 nucleotides of the GS-C region in the first exon. GS-B region between -209 and +4 contains a negative modulator that represses transcription of the GS-C promoter, but the 5'-GS-A region, between -476 and -282, can negate the transcription inhibition of GS-B and promote GS transcription of the GS-C promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that nuclear proteins for GS-A, GS-B and GS-C1 are present in the C6/36 cells, and therefore that GS-A, GS-B and GS-C1 indeed possess regulatory function. By contrast, nuclear proteins isolated from both cultured cells and midgut tissues bound to GS-C2, suggesting that GS-C2 plays an important role in GS transcription and that GS-C2 is regulated by several different and redundant transcription factors to achieve constitutive expression in a wide variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Niu
- Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Harper M, Popat RB, Dasgupta R, Fowler CJ, Dasgupta P. A minimally invasive technique for outpatient local anaesthetic administration of intradetrusor botulinum toxin in intractable detrusor overactivity. BJU Int 2003; 92:325-6. [PMID: 12887493 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Harper
- Department of Uro-Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Abstract
AIM Haemosuccus pancreaticus is bleeding into the pancreatic duct from a peripancreatic artery. This condition most commonly follows pseudoaneurysm formation secondary to acute or chronic pancreatitis. It is a rare disorder, challenging in both diagnosis and therapy. We present an eight-year experience of managing these patients using endovascular embolization as the primary therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the imaging, laboratory results and clinical notes of the five patients who presented to this institution between 1991-1999 with gastrointestinal bleeding subsequently found to be haemosuccus pancreaticus. RESULTS There were four men and one women aged 38-75 years. All had a history of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and had acute (n=1) or chronic pancreatitis with a complicating pseudoaneurysm. All underwent embolization as the primary therapy for the pseudoaneurysm. There was immediate technical success in all cases without major complication. No patient required operative surgery for the pseudoaneurysm. Follow-up ranged from 18 months to 7 years. One patient died four years after embolization due to hepatic failure but the other four remain well without further gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSION Endovascular embolization is an effective and safe treatment for haemosuccus pancreaticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Department of Surgery, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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31
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Kato N, Dasgupta R, Smartt CT, Christensen BM. Glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase: gene characterization, chitin biosynthesis and peritrophic matrix formation in Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 2002; 11:207-216. [PMID: 12000639 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) catalyses the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate and is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. The final product of the hexosamine pathway, UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine, is an active precursor of numerous macromolecules containing amino sugars, including chitin in fungi and arthropods. Chitin is one of the essential components of insect cuticle and peritrophic matrix. The peritrophic matrix is produced in the midgut of mosquitoes in response to bloodfeeding, and may affect vector competence by serving as a physical barrier to pathogens. It is hypothesized that GFAT plays a regulatory role in biosynthesis of chitin and peritrophic matrix formation in insects. We cloned and sequenced the GFAT gene (AeGfat-1) and its 5' regulatory region from Aedes aegypti. There is no intron in AeGfat-1 and there are two potential transcription start sites. AeGfat-1 cDNA is 3.4 kb in length and its putative translation product is 75.4 kDa. The amino acid sequence of GFAT is highly conserved in lower and higher eukaryotes, as well as in bacteria. AeGfat-1 message is constitutively expressed but is gradually up-regulated in the midgut after bloodfeeding. The putative regulatory region of the gene contains the ecdysone response element, E74, and Broad complex motifs, similar to what is found in the glutamine synthetase gene in Ae. aegypti. Results suggest that Ae. aegypti GFAT-1 may have a regulatory role in chitin biosynthesis and peritrophic matrix formation, and probably is under the regulation of ecdysteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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32
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Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (PM) is the first natural barrier a mosquito-borne parasite faces when ingested with a blood meal; consequently, understanding the biology of PM formation could provide novel transmission control strategies. Because the PM is composed of chitin (a molecule of repeating units of N-acetyl glucosamine), glycoproteins and glucose, characterizing the regulation of enzymes involved in chitin production should provide information concerning factors that influence PM formation. We previously have shown that glutamine synthetase (GS) provides the glutamine needed in the initial steps of chitin biosynthesis in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In the present study we show that GS is encoded by a single 4.5 kb gene, designated mGS, containing three exons and two introns. Multiple transcripts are generated from mGS presumably by differential splicing of the introns. Sequences of two cDNAs encoding GS are identical at the protein level, but differ in their 5'-untranslated regions. GS message is constitutively expressed in all developmental stages and in most tissues, with an increase in GS transcription observed in midgut and fat body tissues of female mosquitoes following a blood meal. Transcripts are localized to the apical side of the mosquito midgut epithelium and data suggest that mGS transcription is regulated by an Oct-1 transcription factor.
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MESH Headings
- Aedes/enzymology
- Aedes/genetics
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Digestive System/enzymology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genes/genetics
- Glutamate Synthase/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Smartt
- Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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33
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Dasgupta R, Garcia BH, Goodman RM. Systemic spread of an RNA insect virus in plants expressing plant viral movement protein genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:4910-5. [PMID: 11296259 PMCID: PMC33137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.081288198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flock house virus (FHV), a single-stranded RNA insect virus, has previously been reported to cross the kingdom barrier and replicate in barley protoplasts and in inoculated leaves of several plant species [Selling, B. H., Allison, R. F. & Kaesberg, P. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 434-438]. There was no systemic movement of FHV in plants. We tested the ability of movement proteins (MPs) of plant viruses to provide movement functions and cause systemic spread of FHV in plants. We compared the growth of FHV in leaves of nontransgenic and transgenic plants expressing the MP of tobacco mosaic virus or red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV). Both MPs mobilized cell-to-cell and systemic movement of FHV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The yield of FHV was more than 100-fold higher in the inoculated leaves of transgenic plants than in the inoculated leaves of nontransgenic plants. In addition, FHV accumulated in the noninoculated upper leaves of both MP-transgenic plants. RCNMV MP was more efficient in mobilizing FHV to noninoculated upper leaves. We also report here that FHV replicates in inoculated leaves of six additional plant species: alfalfa, Arabidopsis, Brassica, cucumber, maize, and rice. Our results demonstrate that plant viral MPs cause cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of an animal virus in plants and offer approaches to the study of the evolution of viruses and mechanisms governing mRNA trafficking in plants as well as to the development of promising vectors for transient expression of foreign genes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Mandal S, Dasgupta R, Ballabh TK, Middya TR, Tarafdar S. Diffusion with rearranging traps. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:026205. [PMID: 11308556 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.026205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A model for diffusion on a cubic lattice with a random distribution of traps is developed. The traps are redistributed at certain time intervals. Such models are useful for describing systems showing dynamic disorder, such as ion-conducting polymers. In the present model the traps are infinite, unlike an earlier version with finite traps. For the infinite trap version a simple analytical calculation is possible and the results agree qualitatively with simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Physics Department, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700032, India
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35
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Spitzer M, Pinto AB, Dasgupta R, Benjamin F. Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy: can we do it accurately using a biochemical profile? J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000; 9:537-44. [PMID: 10883946 DOI: 10.1089/15246090050073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We wanted to evaluate the utility of seven biochemical markers in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Women with pain and bleeding suspicious for ectopic pregnancy were evaluated prospectively. Each woman had a transvaginal sonogram and serum determination of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), progesterone, estradiol (E2), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CA-125, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione. The women were grouped in two ways, and there was considerable overlap between the two groups. One grouping included those with <45 days of amenorrhea, and the other included those whose beta-hCG was <2500 mIU/ml. Each marker was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to see which could best distinguish ectopic pregnancies from nonectopic pregnancies. In the group of women with <45 days of amenorrhea, ectopic pregnancies were distinguished by a low progesterone and a high CPK. None of the other biochemical markers were significantly associated with ectopic pregnancy in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for the CPK/progesterone ratio. As an example of different cut points, a CPK/progesterone ratio >15 was 87% sensitive and 83% specific in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. In the group of women with beta-hCG <2500 mIU/ml, the only biochemical marker found to be significantly associated with ectopic pregnancy was CPK. An ROC curve was constructed for CPK in this group. As an example of different cut points, a CPK >70 had a 78% sensitivity and 81% specificity in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. We conclude that the CPK/progesterone ratio is helpful in those women with <45 days of amenorrhea, and serum CPK levels are helpful in women whose beta-hCG is <2500 mIU/ml. Although serum levels of CPK and the ratio of CPK/progesterone are the most helpful in making the diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy, they are not good enough to be used alone in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Spitzer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queens Hospital Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Jamaica, New York, USA
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Bertrand P, Tishkoff DX, Filosi N, Dasgupta R, Kolodner RD. Physical interaction between components of DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14278-83. [PMID: 9826691 PMCID: PMC24364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA mismatch repair are required for some common processes although the biochemical basis for this requirement is unknown. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD14 was identified in a two-hybrid screen using MSH2 as "bait," and pairwise interactions between MSH2 and RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD10, RAD14, and RAD25 subsequently were demonstrated by two-hybrid analysis. MSH2 coimmunoprecipitated specifically with epitope-tagged versions of RAD2, RAD10, RAD14, and RAD25. MSH2 and RAD10 were found to interact in msh3 msh6 and mlh1 pms1 double mutants, suggesting a direct interaction with MSH2. Mutations in MSH2 increased the UV sensitivity of NER-deficient yeast strains, and msh2 mutations were epistatic to the mutator phenotype observed in NER-deficient strains. These data suggest that MSH2 and possibly other components of DNA mismatch repair exist in a complex with NER proteins, providing a biochemical and genetical basis for these proteins to function in common processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bertrand
- Charles A. Dana Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Although the effect of nicotine on brain neurotransmitters and behavior has been studied, the mechanism(s) by which nicotine contributes to tobacco use remains unclear. One transmitter that may relate to long-term nicotine use and its withdrawal is enkephalin, a five-amino acid opioid peptide derived from the proenkephalin A family. In the present study we determined the effect of acute and chronic nicotine treatment and its withdrawal on preproenkephalin A mRNA levels (PPE mRNA) in specific rat brain regions using Northern blot analysis. Acute treatment with nicotine produced a significant increase in PPE mRNA in striatum and hippocampus. Chronic treatment with nicotine caused a significant decrease in PPE mRNA in these brain regions. In both striatum and hippocampus there was a rebound increase in PPE mRNA 24 h after nicotine cessation which approached the saline level 7 days later. Nicotine withdrawal 24 h following nicotine cessation, caused a significant increase in PPE mRNA in both brain regions. These effects of nicotine were blocked by pretreating rats with the nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine. These data strongly suggest that brain opioid system(s) are involved in mediating nicotinic responses and its withdrawal and may have clinical implications in treating nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Houdi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Tobacco and Health Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Modi OP, Yadav RP, Prasad BK, Jha AK, Dasgupta R, Dixit G. Effects of Swaging and Aluminium Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical and Sliding Wear Properties of Zinc-Based Alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.2320/matertrans1989.39.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G. Dixit
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Maulana Azad College of Technology
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Abstract
Hydrofluoric (HF) acid has numerous uses both in industry and the home. HF burns are characterized by intense pain, progressive tissue damage and significant systemic effects. Pain may be prolonged because the fluoride ion remains active despite irrigation of the burn. Subcutaneous infiltration of calcium gluconate is the local treatment of choice. We present a case of hydrofluoric acid burn from rust remover that was effectively treated by topical calcium gluconate baths. A calcium gluconate solution can be prepared with material available in most hospitals and may be readily administered in this fashion. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns will provide symptomatic relief and minimize tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lukinuk
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Departments of Surgery and Pharmacy, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - R Dasgupta
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Departments of Surgery and Pharmacy, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jl Mahoney
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Departments of Surgery and Pharmacy, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Micklem DR, Dasgupta R, Elliott H, Gergely F, Davidson C, Brand A, González-Reyes A, St Johnston D. The mago nashi gene is required for the polarisation of the oocyte and the formation of perpendicular axes in Drosophila. Curr Biol 1997; 7:468-78. [PMID: 9210377 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila axis formation requires a series of inductive interactions between the oocyte and the somatic follicle cells. Early in oogenesis, Gurken protein, a member of the transforming growth factor alpha family, is produced by the oocyte to induce the adiacent follicle cells to adopt a posterior cell fate. These cells subsequently send an unidentified signal back to the oocyte to induce the formation of a polarised microtubule array that defines the anterior-posterior axis. The polarised microtubules also direct the movement of the nucleus and gurken mRNA from the posterior to the anterior of the oocyte, where Gurken signals a second time to induce the dorsal follicle cells, thereby polarising the dorsal-ventral axis. RESULTS In addition to its previously described role in the localisation of oskar mRNA, the mago nashi gene is required in the germ line for the transduction of the polarising signal from the posterior follicle cells. Using a new in vivo marker for microtubules, we show that mago nashi mutant oocytes develop a symmetric microtubule cytoskeleton that leads to the transient localisation of bicoid mRNA to both poles. Furthermore, the oocyte nucleus often fails to migrate to the anterior, causing the second Gurken signal to be sent in the same direction as the first. This results in a novel phenotype in which the anterior of the egg is ventralised and the posterior dorsalised, demonstrating that the migration of the oocyte nucleus determines the relative orientation of the two principal axes of Drosophila. The mago nashi gene is highly conserved from plants to animals, and encodes a protein that is predominantly localised to nuclei. CONCLUSIONS The mago nashi gene plays two essential roles in Drosophila axis formation: it is required downstream of the signal from the posterior follicle cells for the polarisation of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton, and has a second, independent role in the localisation of oskar mRNA to the posterior of the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Micklem
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Irish J, Dasgupta R, Freeman J, Gullane P, Gentili F, Brown D, Neligan P, O'Sullivan B. Outcome and analysis of the surgical management of esthesioneuroblastoma. J Otolaryngol 1997; 26:1-7. [PMID: 9055166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined radical surgical resection and radiotherapy for the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma, a rare malignant neoplasm accounting for 1 to 5% of malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity. METHOD A 10-year review of 12 patients treated at our institution suggests that primary treatment consisting of a combined otolaryngologic/neurosurgical craniofacial approach results in good local control with relatively low morbidity and complication. Patients tend to present with advanced stage disease because of the nonspecific presenting signs and symptoms. Eighty-three percent of the patients were treated with combined surgery and radiation. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the patients are free of disease with an average follow-up time of 54 months. Based on our experience in anterior skull base surgery (zone I), we strongly advocate the pericranial flap for dural reconstruction. Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of the cases with no postoperative deaths. CONCLUSION Failure analysis suggests that radical surgical resection combined with radiotherapy provides the best chance of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Program, Princess Margaret Hospital; University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Ontario
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Dasgupta R, Ballabh TK, Tarafdar S. Quasielastic incoherent scattering in fractal systems. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:10021-10024. [PMID: 9980047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dasgupta R, Chakraborti A, Bardhan S, Sen SK. Stroke in a young patient with mitral valve prolapse. J Indian Med Assoc 1995; 93:278, 277. [PMID: 8576595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Calcutta
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Zlotnick A, Reddy VS, Dasgupta R, Schneemann A, Ray WJ, Rueckert RR, Johnson JE. Capsid assembly in a family of animal viruses primes an autoproteolytic maturation that depends on a single aspartic acid residue. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:13680-4. [PMID: 8175803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation of noninfectious nodavirus provirions occurs by autoproteolytic cleavage of most of the 180 copies of the alpha-protein that make up the icosahedral capsid. This maturation, which is much slower than viral assembly, produces an infectious particle that is more stable than the provirion and makes viral uncoating thermodynamically distinct from assembly, allowing assembly and (a time-delayed) uncoating to occur under similar conditions. The results of structural, computational, and molecular genetic studies suggest that maturation depends both on intrasubunit strain, produced during assembly, and on a critical aspartic acid residue. This residue lies in a hydrophobic pocket that is stabilized by intersubunit contacts. It is close to the scissile bond and exhibits an environmentally elevated pKa. The apparent involvement of a single acidic residue in the hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond contrasts with the involvement of 2 such residues in acid proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zlotnick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Dasgupta R, Mukhopadhyay S, Ganguly S. Adverse effects of quinolone antibiotics. J Assoc Physicians India 1994; 42:348. [PMID: 7860575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Flock house virus (FHV), isolated from twenty Drosophila melanogaster cell lines, persistently infected with the virus, were examined during successive serial passages by plaque assay and sequence analysis. No phenotypic or genotypic changes in the virus were observed during the establishment of persistent infection, suggesting that it was a cellular modification that led to the first step in establishing the persistent state. Once this state was initiated, the virus was relieved of the need for a functional coat protein to propagate itself and mutations began to accumulate selectively in RNA2, the gene for the coat protein. These changes were manifested by a gradual drift to a smaller plaque population. The replicase activity, coded by RNA1, remained unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dasgupta
- Institute for Molecular Virology, Graduate School and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Schneemann A, Dasgupta R, Johnson JE, Rueckert RR. Use of recombinant baculoviruses in synthesis of morphologically distinct viruslike particles of flock house virus, a nodavirus. J Virol 1993; 67:2756-63. [PMID: 8474173 PMCID: PMC237599 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.5.2756-2763.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Flock house virus (FHV) is a small icosahedral insect virus of the family Nodaviridae. Its genome consists of two messenger-sense RNA molecules, both of which are encapsidated in the same particle. RNA1 (3.1 kb) encodes proteins required for viral RNA replication; RNA2 (1.4 kb) encodes protein alpha (43 kDa), the precursor of the coat protein. When Spodoptera frugiperda cells were infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing a cDNA copy of RNA2, coat protein alpha assembled into viruslike precursor particles (provirions) that matured normally by autocatalytic cleavage of protein alpha into polypeptide chains beta (38 kDa) and gamma (5 kDa). The particles were morphologically indistinguishable from authentic FHV and contained RNA derived from the coat protein message. These results showed that RNA1 was required neither for virion assembly nor for maturation of provirions. Expression of mutants in which Asn-363 at the beta-gamma cleavage site of protein alpha was replaced by either aspartate, threonine, or alanine resulted in assembly of particles that were cleavage defective. For two of the mutants, unusual structural features were observed after preparation for electron microscopy. Particles containing Asp at position 363 were labile and showed a strong tendency to break into half-shells. Particles in which Asn-363 was replaced by Ala displayed a distinct hole in an otherwise complete shell. The third mutant, containing Thr at position 363, was indistinguishable in morphology from authentic FHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schneemann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract
Flock house virus is an insect virus belonging to the family Nodaviridae; members of this family are characterized by a small bipartite positive-stranded RNA genome. The larger genomic segment, RNA1, encodes viral replication proteins, whereas the smaller one, RNA2, encodes coat protein. Both RNAs are packaged in a single particle. A defective-interfering RNA (DI-634), isolated from a line of Drosophila cells persistently infected with Flock house virus, was used to show that a 32-base region of RNA2 (bases 186-217) is required for packaging into virions. RNA folding analysis predicted that this region forms a stem-loop structure with a 5-base loop and a 13-base-pair bulged stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhong
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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