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Evans MJ, Gibson A, Fielding H, Ohal P, Pandey P, Kumar A, Singh SK, Airikkala-Otter I, Abela-Ridder B, Gamble L, Handel I, Bronsvoort BMDC, Mellanby RJ, Mazeri S. Free-roaming dog population dynamics in Ranchi, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 143:115-123. [PMID: 35007799 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies causes approximately 20,000 human deaths in India each year. Nearly all of these occur following dog bites. Large-scale, high-coverage dog rabies vaccination campaigns are the cornerstone of rabies elimination strategies in both human and dog populations, although this is particularly challenging to achieve in India as a large proportion of the dog population are free-roaming and unowned. Further, little is known about free-roaming dog ecology in India which makes defining optimum vaccination strategies difficult. In this study, data collected using a mobile phone application during three annual mass vaccination and neutering (surgical sterilisation of both males and females) campaigns of free-roaming dogs in Ranchi, India (during which a total of 43,847 vaccinations, 26,213 neuter surgeries and 28,172 re-sight observations were made) were interrogated, using two novel approaches to estimate the proportion of neutered dogs that were lost from the city (assumed due to mortality or migration) between campaign years. Analysis revealed high losses of neutered dogs each year, ranging from 25.3% (28.2-22.8) to 55.8% (57.0-54.6). We also estimated that the total population declined by 12.58% (9.89-15.03) over the three-year period. This demonstrates that there is a high turnover of free-roaming dogs and that despite neutering a large number of dogs in an annual sterilisation campaign, the decline in population size was modest over a three-year time period. These findings have significant implications for the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns and population management programmes as well as highlighting the need for further research into the demographics of free-roaming, unowned dogs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Evans
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
| | - A Gibson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, UK
| | - H Fielding
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - P Ohal
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - P Pandey
- Department of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Cooperative, (Animal Husbandry Division) Govt. of Jharkhand, India
| | - A Kumar
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - S K Singh
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - I Airikkala-Otter
- WVS India, Gramya Bhavan/RDO-Building Complex, Aruvankadu, 643202 Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Abela-Ridder
- Department for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - L Gamble
- Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, UK
| | - I Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - B M D C Bronsvoort
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - R J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - S Mazeri
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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Al Mallah MH, Ebid M, Almasoudi F, Ahmed AM, Ahmed D, Alali Alfaris M, Fielding H, Aldosari M, Suliman I, Aljizeeri A. P4699Temporal trends in stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) studies. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M H Al Mallah
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ebid
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Almasoudi
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alali Alfaris
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Fielding
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aldosari
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Suliman
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Aljizeeri
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aljizeeri A, Alali Alfaris M, Ahmed D, Farea J, Elneama A, Suliman I, Aldosari M, Aleissa H, Alarjani N, Alsubaie S, Alsaileek A, Alharthi M, Ahmed A, Fielding H, Al-Mallah M. P3709Normal myocardial perfusion imaging on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography exclude the need for revascularization in patients with high calcium score. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Aljizeeri
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alali Alfaris
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Farea
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Elneama
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Suliman
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aldosari
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Department of Medical Imaging, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Aleissa
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Alarjani
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alsubaie
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alsaileek
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alharthi
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Fielding
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Department of Medical Imaging, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Mallah
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aljizeeri A, Alali Alfaris M, Ahmed D, Farea J, Elneama A, Suliman I, Aldosari M, Aleissa H, Alarjani N, Alsubaie S, Alsaileek A, Alharthi M, Ahmed A, Fielding H, Al-Mallah M. P4698Prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve in patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Aljizeeri
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alali Alfaris
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Farea
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Elneama
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Suliman
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aldosari
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Department of Medical Imaging, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Aleissa
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Alarjani
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alsubaie
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alsaileek
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alharthi
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ahmed
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Fielding
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Department of Medical Imaging, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Mallah
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aljizeeri A, Alali Alfaris M, Ahmed D, Suliman I, Sulaiman A, Ahmed A, Fielding H, Al-Mallah M. 4781Obesity and endothelial dysfunction: insights from non-invasive coronary flow reserve. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Al Mallah M, Ahmed A, Suleiman A, Suleiman I, Fielding H, Alali Alfaris M, Ahmed D, Jizeeri A. 4150Incremental prognostic value of positron emission tomography derived hyperemic myocardial blood flow. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aljizeeri A, Ahmed D, Alali Alfaris M, Suliman I, Sulaiman A, Mahmud A, Ahmed A, Fielding H, Al-Mallah M. P2970Healthy vascular aging: what can the coronary arteries tell us. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kawakami TG, Buckley P, Huff S, McKain D, Fielding H. A comparative study in vitro of a simian virus isolated from spontaneous woolly monkey fibrosarcoma and of a known feline fibrosarcoma virus. Bibl Haematol 2015; 39:236-43. [PMID: 4360156 DOI: 10.1159/000427847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fielding H, Kyaterekera N, Skellern GG, Tettey JN, McDade JR, Msuya Z, Watson DG, Urie J. The compatibility and stability of octreotide acetate in the presence of diamorphine hydrochloride in polypropylene syringes. Palliat Med 2000; 14:205-7. [PMID: 10858828 DOI: 10.1191/026921600666997498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Varying concentrations of octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) and diamorphine hydrochloride were prepared and stored in polypropylene syringes at 37 degrees C in the dark. The solutions were analysed for octreotide acetate content using a validated HPLC method at regular intervals over a 48-h period. The results indicate that octreotide acetate remains stable in the presence of diamorphine hydrochloride at 37 degrees C for 24 h. In addition, the solutions prepared maintained their clarity, with no signs of precipitation upon visual examination under normal light conditions.
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Kyaterekera N, Tettey JN, Skellern GG, Watson DG, Urie J, McDade JR, Fielding H. LC determination of octreotide acetate in compound formulations of Sandostatin and diamorphine hydrochloride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 21:327-30. [PMID: 10703987 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The determination of octreotide acetate in compound formulations of Sandostatin and diamorphine hydrochloride by RP-LC is described. Octreotide acetate, diamorphine hydrochloride and their respective degradants, [des-Thr-ol8]-octreotide and 6-O-acetylmorphine, were baseline resolved using a Lichrospher-60 RP-select B column with a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 20 mM) (35:65 v/v) with UV detection at 210 nm. The method is simple, selective, precise and suitable for the determination of octreotide acetate in admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kyaterekera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
8-Chloroadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) has recently entered clinical trials as a new anticancer drug. 8-Cl-cAMP can undergo metabolism/degradation to nucleotides (8-Cl-AMP; 8-Cl-IMP), nucleosides (8-Cl-adenosine; 8-Cl-inosine) and bases (8-Cl-adenine; 8-Cl-xanthine and 8-Cl-hypoxanthine). A reversed-phase, gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described which can resolve all the above from their non-chlorinated naturally occurring counterparts and 8-Bromo-cAMP. The assay was then utilized to perform pharmaceutical evaluations on the 8-Cl-cAMP formulation. Sterilization by filtration (0.22 micron pore size) resulted in no loss of material. Stability studies carried out in the cartridges used to continuously infuse (for 7 days) the drug to patients showed no significant degradation over 17 days. Purity determinations revealed the presence of up to nine impurities (related to adenine) and yielded a purity figure of 95.9-99.3% with considerable batch to batch variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Michaelian K, Kitching P, Hutcheon DA, Abegg R, Coombes GH, Dawson WK, Fearing HW, Fielding H, Gaillard G, Green P, Greeniaus LG, Hugi M, Miller CA, Neilson GC, Olsen WC, Soukup J, Stevenson NR, Wesick J, Workman RL. Proton-proton bremsstrahlung at 280 MeV. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1990; 41:2689-2704. [PMID: 10012662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.41.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kitching P, Hutcheon DA, Michaelian K, Abegg R, Coombes GH, Dawson WK, Fielding H, Gaillard G, Green P, Greeniaus LG, Hugi M, Miller CA, Neilson GC, Olsen WC, Stevenson NR, Wesick J, Fearing HW, Workman RL. Polarized proton-proton bremsstrahlung. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 57:2363-2366. [PMID: 10033706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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