Oral Health in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for multiple adverse oral conditions. Few nationally representative oral health data sets encompass the current diversity of tobacco and nicotine products. This investigation examines the validity of oral health measures in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to assess relationships between tobacco use and oral health. Cross-sectional data from PATH Study wave 4 (N = 33,643 US adults, collected 2016-2018) were used to obtain estimates for 6 self-reported oral conditions (e.g., bone loss around teeth, tooth extractions) and compared with analogous estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle 2017-2018 (N = 5,856). Within the PATH Study, associations were calculated between tobacco use status and lifetime and past 12-mo experience of adverse oral conditions using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression. Nationally representative estimates of oral conditions between the PATH Study and NHANES were similar (e.g., ever-experience of bone loss around teeth: PATH Study 15.2%, 95% CI, 14.4%-15.9%; NHANES 16.6%, 95% CI, 14.9%-18.4%). In the PATH Study, combustible tobacco smoking was consistently associated with lifetime and past 12-mo experience of adverse oral health (e.g., exclusive cigarette smoking vs. never tobacco use, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for loose teeth in past 12 mo: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.52-2.69). Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was associated with greater odds of loose teeth (AOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15-3.26) and lifetime precancerous lesions (AOR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.73-8.57). Use of other noncigarette products (e.g., pipes) was inconsistently associated with oral health outcomes. PATH Study oral health measures closely align with self-reported measures from NHANES and are internally concurrent. Observed associations with tobacco use and the ability to examine emerging tobacco products support application of PATH Study data in dental research, particularly to examine potential oral health effects of novel tobacco products and longitudinal changes in tobacco use behaviors.

Änderung der kernmagnetischen Wechselwirkungen in Flüssigkeiten durch Einfluß von Festkörper-Oberflächen

Messungen der Protonen-Relaxationszeiten an Gemischen von Wasser mit Spektralkohlepulver ergaben, daß mit zunehmendem Kohlegehalt die Spin-Spin-Wechselwirkung um Größenordnungen ansteigt, während sich die Spin-Gitter-Wechselwirkung im Vergleich dazu nur wenig ändert. Dieser Effekt läßt sich deuten, wenn man annimmt, daß die BROWNsche Bewegung abwechselnd mit verschiedenen Korrelationszeiten erfolgt, welche den festkörpernahen bzw. -fernen Zuständen eines Moleküls entsprechen, wobei die Aufenthaltsdauer im Wirkungsbereich der Oberfläche kürzer ist als die Relaxationszeiten der Kernspins.

Neurotransmitter transporters synthesis and degradation rates

The synthesis rate, half-life and degradation rate constant of dopamine and serotonin transporter proteins have been determined using RTI-76, an irreversible inhibitor of ligand binding at transporters, and a model assuming that synthesis rate is zero order and degradation rate is a first order process. The half-lives of transporter recovery after inactivation with RTI-76 are approximately 2-3 days, which are similar to those for other synaptic proteins.

The metabolic disposition of 14C-ciramadol in humans

Twelve subjects received single 15 mg oral doses of 14C-ciramadol. Excretion of the dose occurred almost entirely by the renal route (93.5 +/- 11.7 (S.D.)% of the dose), and only 0.7 +/- 0.6% of the dose was recovered in faeces indicating that absorption was essentially complete. More than 90% of the amount recovered in urine was excreted within 24 h after dosing. Unchanged drug accounted for 43.9 +/- 6.5% of the dose, while a phenolic glucuronide conjugate was the only major urinary metabolite accounting for a further 37.9 +/- 7.8%. A second glucuronide that was conjugated with the alicyclic ring was also identified but constituted only 2.3 +/- 0.6% of the dose. Concentrations of radioactivity in plasma reached a peak at 2 h after dosing and declined with a terminal disposition half life of 4.9 h. Only ciramadol and the aryl-O-glucuronide were detected in substantial amounts in plasma. Renal clearance of ciramadol amounted to 298 +/- 54 ml/min suggesting tubular secretion in addition to glomerular filtration.