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Estiri H, Bhattacharya S, Buitrago JAR, Castagna R, Legzdiņa L, Casucci G, Ricci A, Parisini E, Gautieri A. Tailoring FPOX enzymes for enhanced stability and expanded substrate recognition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18610. [PMID: 37903872 PMCID: PMC10616090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructosyl peptide oxidases (FPOX) are deglycating enzymes that find application as key enzymatic components in diabetes monitoring devices. Indeed, their use with blood samples can provide a measurement of the concentration of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin, two well-known diabetes markers. However, the FPOX currently employed in enzymatic assays cannot directly detect whole glycated proteins, making it necessary to perform a preliminary proteolytic treatment of the target protein to generate small glycated peptides that can act as viable substrates for the enzyme. This is a costly and time consuming step. In this work, we used an in silico protein engineering approach to enhance the overall thermal stability of the enzyme and to improve its catalytic activity toward large substrates. The final design shows a marked improvement in thermal stability relative to the wild type enzyme, a distinct widening of its access tunnel and significant enzymatic activity towards a range of glycated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Estiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Shapla Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, Riga, 1048, Latvia
| | | | - Rossella Castagna
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Legzdiņa
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Giorgia Casucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Andrea Ricci
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia.
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Fallah A, Estiri H, Parrish E, Soleimani M, Zeinali S, Zadeh-Vakili A. Biosimilar Gene Therapy: Investigational Assessment of Secukinumab Gene Therapy. Cell J 2019; 21:433-443. [PMID: 31376325 PMCID: PMC6722441 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), checkpoint inhibitors, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are critical targets in
inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a successful portfolio in the treatment of chronic
diseases. With the current progress in stem cells and gene therapy technologies, there is the promise of replacing costly mAbs
production in bioreactors with a more direct and cost-effective production method inside the patient’s cells. In this paper we
examine the results of an investigational assessment of secukinumab gene therapy.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the DNA sequence of the heavy and light chains of secukinumab
antibodies were cloned in a lentiviral vector. Human chorionic villous mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) were isolated and
characterized. After lentiviral packaging and titration, part of the recombinant viruses was used for transduction of the CMSCs
and the other part were applied for systemic gene therapy. The engineered stem cells and recombinant viruses were applied
for ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy, respectively, in different groups of rat models. In vitro and in vivo secukinumab expression
was confirmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and ELISA by considering the
approved secukinumab as the standard reference.
Results Cell differentiation assays and flow cytometry of standard biomarkers confirmed the multipotency of the
CMSCs. Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed in vitro gene expression of secukinumab at both the mRNA and protein
level. ELISA testing of serum from treated rat models confirmed mAb overexpression for both in vivo and ex vivo gene
therapies.
Conclusion In this study, a lentiviral-mediated ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy was developed to provide a moderate dose
of secukinumab in rat models. Biosimilar gene therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of autoimmune disorders,
cancers and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fallah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,RNAx Ltd., London, UK
| | | | | | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
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Estiri H, Fallah A, Soleimani M, Aliaghaei A, Karimzadeh F, Babaei Abraki S, Ghahremani MH. Stable Knockdown of Adenosine Kinase by Lentiviral Anti-ADK miR-shRNAs in Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. Cell J 2017; 20:1-9. [PMID: 29308612 PMCID: PMC5759670 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we describe an efficient approach for stable knockdown of adenosine kinase (ADK) using lentiviral
system, in an astrocytoma cell line and in human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs). These sources of stem
cells besides having multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory activities, are easily available in unlimited
numbers, do not raise ethical concerns and are attractive for gene manipulation and cell-based gene therapy.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we targeted adenosine kinase mRNA at 3' and performed coding
sequences using eight miR-based expressing cassettes of anti-ADK short hairpin RNA (shRNAs). First, these cassettes with
scrambled control sequences were cloned into expressing lentiviral pGIPZ vector. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to screen multi-cassettes anti-ADK miR-shRNAs in stably transduced U-251 MG cell line and
measuring ADK gene expression at mRNA level. Extracted WJMSCs were characterized using flow cytometry for expressing
mesenchymal specific marker (CD44+) and lack of expression of hematopoietic lineage marker (CD45-). Then, the lentiviral
vector that expressed the most efficient anti-ADK miR-shRNA, was employed to stably transduce WJMSCs.
Results Transfection of anti-ADK miR-shRNAs in HEK293T cells using CaPO4 method showed high efficiency. We
successfully transduced U-251 cell line by recombinant lentiviruses and screened eight cassettes of anti-ADK miR-
shRNAs in stably transduced U-251 MG cell line by qRT-PCR. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ADK by lentiviral
system indicated up to 95% down-regulation of ADK. Following lentiviral transduction of WJMSCs with anti-ADK miR-
shRNA expression cassette, we also implicated, down-regulation of ADK up to 95% by qRT-PCR and confirmed it by
western blot analysis at the protein level.
Conclusion Our findings indicate efficient usage of shRNA cassette for ADK knockdown. Engineered WJMSCs with
genome editing methods like CRISPR/cas9 or more safe viral systems such as adeno-associated vectors (AAV) might
be an attractive source in cell-based gene therapy and may have therapeutic potential for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Estiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Institute of Cell and Gene therapy, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fallah
- Bioviva Science USA, Seattle, USA.,Iranian Institute of Cell and Gene therapy, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Neuroscience Lab, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseini A, Estiri H, Akhavan Niaki H, Alizadeh A, Abdolhossein Zadeh B, Ghaderian SMH, Farjadfar A, Fallah A. Multiple Sclerosis Gene Therapy with Recombinant Viral Vectors: Overexpression of IL-4, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and IL-10 in Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells Used in EAE Mice Model. Cell J 2017; 19:361-374. [PMID: 28836399 PMCID: PMC5570402 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunotherapy and gene therapy play important roles in modern medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the overexpression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJSCs) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, a DNA construction containing IL- 4, IL-10 and LIF was assembled to make a polycistronic vector (as the transfer vector). Transfer and control vectors were co-transfected into Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293T) cells with helper plasmids which produced recombinant lentiviral viruses (rLV). WJSCs were transduced with rLV to make recombinant WJSC (rWJSC). In vitro protein and mRNA overexpression of IL-4, LIF, and IL-10 were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) analysis. EAE was induced in mice by MOG-CFA and pertussis toxin. EAE mice were injected twice with 2×105 rWJSCs. The in vivo level of IL-4, LIF, IL-10 cytokines and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. Brain tissues were analyzed histologically for evaluation of EAE lesions. RESULTS Isolated WJSCs were performed to characterize by in vitro differentiation and surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry method. Cloning of a single lentiviral vector with five genes was done successfully. Transfection of transfer and control vectors were processed based on CaPO4 method with >90% efficiency. Recombinant viruses were produced and results of titration showed 2-3×107 infection-unit/ml. WJSCs were transduced using recombinant viruses. IL-4, IL-10 and LIF overexpression were confirmed by ELISA, WB and qPCR. The EAE mice treated with rWJSC showed reduction of Il-17, and brain lesions as well as brain cellular infiltration, in vivo. Weights and physical activity were improved in gene-treated group. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory cytokines can be a promising approach against multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, considering the immunomodulatory potential of WJSCs, an approach using a combination of WJSCs and gene therapy will enhance the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hajar Estiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Institute of Cell and Gene Therapy, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Baharak Abdolhossein Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Farjadfar
- Department of Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Fallah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,BioViva USA Inc, Bainbridge Island WA, USA
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Shahi MMN, Rad AHE,, Shahi NN, Nia AP, Estiri H. Study of antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging power of Physalis alkekengi flower extract. J Fundam and Appl Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.8vi2s.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mostafavi H, Khaksarian M, Joghataei MT, Soleimani M, Hassanzadeh G, Eftekhari S, Soleimani M, Mousavizadeh K, Estiri H, Ahmadi S, Hadjighassem MR. Selective β2 adrenergic agonist increases Cx43 and miR-451 expression via cAMP-Epac. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2405-10. [PMID: 24714982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that connexin 43 (Cx43) and microRNAs have significant roles in glioma. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is suggested to be a regulator of connexins and microRNAs. However, it remains elusive whether cAMP and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac2), have a regulatory effect on Cx43 and microRNA-451 (miR-451) in astrocytoma cells. We treated 1321N1 astrocytoma cells with a selective β2 adrenergic agonist and a selective Epac activator with and without adenyl cyclase and protein kinase A inhibition. Cx43 and miR-451 expression were measured. Next, we evaluated the effect of miR-451 overexpression on Cx43 expression. Cell proliferation was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results demonstrated that cAMP-Epac2 increased Cx43 and miR-451 expression. However, the alteration of miR-451 expression required a higher dose of drugs. Overexpression of miR-451 had no significant effect on Cx43 expression. The MTT assay showed that cAMP-Epac stimulation and miR-451 overexpression had a synergic inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. These findings may expand our understanding of the molecular biology of glioma and provide new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Sanaz Eftekhari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Soleimani
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141775553, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141775553, Iran
| | - Hajar Estiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, Tehran 1585636473, Iran
| | - Sedighesadat Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, Tehran 1585636473, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
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Kenarkoohi A, Soleimani M, Bamdad T, Soleimanjahi H, Estiri H, Razavi-Nikoo MH. Efficient lentiviral transduction of adipose tissue-derived mouse mesenchymal stem cells and assessment of their penetration in female mice cervical tumor model. Iran J Cancer Prev 2014; 7:225-31. [PMID: 25628843 PMCID: PMC4307105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of cervical cancer has reduced during last years, but it causes mortality among women. Many efforts have performed to develop new drugs and strategy for treatment of cervical cancer. Adipose Tissue-Derived mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) has many advantages which make them a suitable choice as a cell therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop an improved protocol for Mouse MSCs transduction as well as assess the homing capacity and incorporation of MSCs in cervical cancer model. METHODS MScs were isolated from the mouse adipose tissue and characterized by differentiation and flow cytometry. In our study, lentiviral vector transductions of MSCs performed. Their penetrations were detected in tissue sections after injection of transduced MSCs to female C57BL/6 mice as a cervical cancer model. RESULTS Results showed that MSCs were efficiently transduced with lentiviral vector resulting in efficient tumor penetration. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence that MSCs were able to penetrate into the tumor mass of cervical tumor model and are good vehicles for gene transfer to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kenarkoohi
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Dept. of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
Masoud Soleimani, PhD;
Professor of Hematology
Tel: (+98) 2182884508
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Estiri
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Hajizadeh-Sikaroodi S, Hosseini A, Fallah A, Estiri H, Noormohammadi Z, Salehi M, Ghaderian SMH, Akhavan Niaki H, Soleimani M, Kazemi B. Lentiviral Mediating Genetic Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Releasing IL-27 as a Gene Therapy Approach for Autoimmune Diseases. Cell J 2014; 16:255-62. [PMID: 24611150 PMCID: PMC4204184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune diseases precede a complex dysregulation of the immune system. T helper17 (Th17) and interleukin (IL)-17 have central roles in initiation of inflammation and subsequent autoimmune diseases. IL-27 significantly controls autoimmune diseases by Th17 and IL-17 suppression. In the present study we have created genetic engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that mediate with lentiviral vectors to release IL-27 as an adequate vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy in the reduction of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we isolated adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) from lipoaspirate and subsequently characterized them by differentiation. Two subunits of IL-27 (p28 and EBI3) were cloned in a pCDH-513B-1 lentiviral vector. Expressions of p28 and EBI3 (Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3) were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MSCs were transduced by a pCDH-CMV-p28-IRES- EBI3-EF-copGFP-Pur lentiviral vector and the bioassay of IL-27 was evaluated by IL-10 expression. RESULTS Cell differentiation confirmed true isolation of MSCs from lipoaspirate. Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing verified successful cloning of both p28 and EBI3 in the pCDH-513B-1 lentiviral vector. Real time PCR showed high expressions level of IL-27 and IL-10 as well as accurate activity of IL-27. CONCLUSION The results showed transduction of functional IL-27 to AD-MSCs by means of a lentiviral vector. The lentiviral vector did not impact MSC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mehr Infertility Research Center, Rasht, Iran,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 193954719Cellular and Molecular Biology Research CenterShahid Beheshti
University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Fallah
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Group, Mede Bioeconomy Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Estiri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mehr Infertility Research Center, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and
Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
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