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[Survey in Hyogo Prefecture on the Current Status of Pharmacists in Home Health Care and Exploration of Factors Causing Psychological Burden]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1115-1123. [PMID: 36184445 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare through a wide range of collaboration in healthcare and welfare. However, insufficient evidence is available to search for factors that prevent pharmacists from being proactive in home healthcare. In this study, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey among pharmacists engaged in home pharmacy work who belong to the Hyogo Pharmaceutical Society regarding the current status of pharmacists' work in home medical care and their psychological burden; we also explored the factors that may hinder the future development of home medical care. As a result, 925 (44%) valid responses were obtained, and seven factors- "current multidisciplinary cooperation", "relationships with patients and their families", "emotional burden for home healthcare", "attitude toward patients", "ideal of multidisciplinary cooperation", "anxiety about aggressive intervention", and "anxiety about talking to and dealing with patients"- were extracted. Furthermore, it was suggested that pharmacists' mental burden and anxiety are closely related to their successful experiences in building relationships with patients and patients' families as well as with multidisciplinary cooperation in home healthcare. Therefore, to train pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare, it is important not only to impart knowledge and skills but also for them to gain experience practicing their contributions as pharmacists in the field of home healthcare with multiple professions, patients, and patients' families.
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Synthesis and Catalytic Activities of 3-Decyl-β-proline for Michael Reactions in Water without an Organic Solvent. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19642-19646. [PMID: 34368551 PMCID: PMC8340436 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Decyl-β-proline, which has a highly lipophilic substituent, was synthesized, and its catalytic activities in Michael addition using water as the solvent were investigated. The decyl substituent promoted the reaction by hydrophobic interactions to afford the Michael adduct in a high yield and with high diastereoselectivity under low catalyst loading.
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Large Enhancement of Thermoelectric Efficiency Due to a Pressure-Induced Lifshitz Transition in SnSe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:226601. [PMID: 31283289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.226601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Lifshitz transition, a change in Fermi surface topology, is likely to greatly influence exotic correlated phenomena in solids, such as high-temperature superconductivity and complex magnetism. However, since the observation of Fermi surfaces is generally difficult in the strongly correlated systems, a direct link between the Lifshitz transition and quantum phenomena has been elusive so far. Here, we report a marked impact of the pressure-induced Lifshitz transition on thermoelectric performance for SnSe, a promising thermoelectric material without a strong electron correlation. By applying pressure up to 1.6 GPa, we have observed a large enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor by more than 100% over a wide temperature range (10-300 K). Furthermore, the high carrier mobility enables the detection of quantum oscillations of resistivity, revealing the emergence of new Fermi pockets at ∼0.86 GPa. The observed thermoelectric properties linked to the multivalley band structure are quantitatively reproduced by first-principles calculations, providing novel insight into designing the SnSe-related materials for potential valleytronic as well as thermoelectric applications.
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Effects of the ether oxygen atom in alkyl side chains on the physical properties of piperidinium ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:523-534. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various types of piperidinium ionic liquids equipped with an oxygen atom-containing alkyl side chain on the positively charged nitrogen atom were systematically synthesized and their physical properties investigated.
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Thermoelectric properties of (Ba,K)Cd2As2 crystallized in the CaAl2Si2-type structure. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16205-16210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As-Based Zintl compounds Ba1−xKxCd2As2 crystallized in the CaAl2Si2-type structure (space group P3̄m1) were prepared using solid-state reactions followed by hot-pressing.
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Mediastinoscopic extended thymectomy for pediatric patients with myasthenia gravis. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:528-30. [PMID: 25840056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended thymectomy is indicated for children with myasthenia gravis (MG) when drug-resistance or dependence is seen. We have employed a technique for mediastinoscopic extended thymectomy (MET) on children with MG. METHOD A total of 14 children underwent MET at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center between 2005 and 2013. A mediastinal operation field was made by a V-shaped hook infrasternally to extirpate the thymus with adipose tissue around the thymus. RESULTS The operation time and the amount of blood loss were 182±44 minutes and 34±43 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications, in the form of transient paralysis of the right recurrent nerve, occurred in 2 patients. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.5 days. After MET, 6 patients achieved complete remission and 7 patients achieved steroid dose reduction, but no improvement was seen in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS This procedure offers the advantage of good surgical access for dissection around the bilateral phrenic nerves in extended total thymectomy, while achieving good cosmetic results.
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Prospective Evaluation of Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance Among Patients with Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu338.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Numerous psammoma bodies in cervical cytology of high-grade endocervical adenocarcinoma. Cytopathology 2013; 25:274-5. [PMID: 23855933 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Minimum Model and its Theoretical Analysis for Superconducting Materials with BiS2 Layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The effect of metformin on cell proliferation in patients with endometrial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Novel Paths for Nucleatton and Growth of Thin Films by Ionized Cluster Beam (ICB) Techniques: Atomic-Scale Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-235-597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAtomic-scale observations by STM and TEM of the early stages of film growth and recent studies of the detailed composition of beams from ICB sources have led to new understandings of origins of some of the extraordinary properties of thin films deposited by ICB methods. The presence of a small fraction of atoms in the form of large clusters initiates a novel sequence of film growth steps starting with the immediate formation of stable islands for film growth. The growth of films from cluster-initiated islands leads to fundamentally altered film properties (compared to atomic beam, MBE, deposition) such as the epitaxial alignment of metal/semiconductor/ceramic multilayers grown near room temperature.
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Abstract
ABSTRACTAtomic scale imaging by STM and TEM of the initial stages of film growth of Ag and Au on graphite substrates indicate that the film nucleation processes are markedly different for ionized cluster beam (ICB) and molecular beam (MBE) deposition. Recent results on measurements of cluster size and formation of epitaxial metal-semiconductor layers by ICB are also discussed.
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Incommensurate spin fluctuations in hole-overdoped superconductor KFe2As2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:067003. [PMID: 21405487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.067003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A neutron scattering study of heavily hole-overdoped superconducting KFe2As2 revealed a well-defined low-energy incommensurate spin fluctuation at [π(1 ± 2 δ),0] with δ = 0.16. The incommensurate structure differs from the previously observed commensurate peaks in electron-doped AFe2As2 (A = Ba, Ca, or Sr) at low energies. The direction of the peak splitting is perpendicular to that observed in Fe(Te,Se) or in Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 at high energies. A band structure calculation suggests interband scattering between bands around the Γ and X points as an origin of this incommensurate peak. The perpendicular direction of the peak splitting can be understood within the framework of multiorbital band structure. The results suggest that spin fluctuation is more robust in hole-doped than in electron-doped samples, which can be responsible for the appearance of superconductivity in the heavily hole-doped samples.
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The application of a newly developed linear stapler preloaded with tissue reinforcement for distal pancreatectomy in the management of ovarian cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:579-581. [PMID: 22053681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Advanced ovarian cancer may extend into the spleen, and even the pancreatic tail, in which a splenectomy associated with distal pancreatectomy is crucial for optimal cytoreduction. A new linear stapler preloaded with tissue reinforcement is currently introduced. We herein report the first three cases of successful application of this device for distal pancreatectomy performed during cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer.
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The risk of post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is higher in heterozygous than in homozygous complete hydatidiform moles. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1183-91. [PMID: 20208060 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a high-risk pregnancy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Patients with CHM have a 10-30% chance of trophoblastic sequelae. CHM includes androgenic homozygous (monospermic) and androgenic heterozygous (dispermic) moles. It is controversial whether the risk of GTN is higher with heterozygous than with homozygous CHM. A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess risk of GTN in homozygous and heterozygous CHM using short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms, and a meta-analysis of previous reports. METHODS Twenty-eight consecutive molar pregnancies were evacuated and followed by regular hCG measurements to detect GTN. Persistent GTN was diagnosed according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2000 system. Cytogenesis of the mole was determined by STR polymorphisms of molar tissue and parental blood. A meta-analysis of the GTN rate from previous reports was conducted using Mantel-Haenszel methods. RESULTS Of 28 molar pregnancies, 24 were homozygous and three were heterozygous CHM. The remaining mole was diandric triploidy (a partial hydatidiform mole). Of the 24 homozygous CHMs, six (25%) cases developed GTN and received chemotherapy. Meanwhile, all three cases (100%) of heterozygous mole developed GTN and needed chemotherapy. The GTN risk was higher in heterozygous (P = 0.029, Fisher's exact test) than homozygous moles. A systematic review revealed only five previous reports (with more than 15 cytogenetically diagnosed cases), and the pooled relative risk of persistent GTN for heterozygous mole was not significant (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-4.07). CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous CHM had a higher risk for GTN than homozygous CHM.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined the clinical usefulness of YKL-40 in detection and prognosis of uterine cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of YKL-40, cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in women with benign gynecologic disease (n=24), cervical malignancy (SCC, n=104; adenocarcinoma, n=37), and age-matched healthy controls (n=45). Immunohistochemical analysis for local YKL-40 expression was carried out on 28 adenocarcinomas. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that YKL-40 [area under the curve (AUC)=0.882] was significantly better at discriminating adenocarcinoma from healthy control than SCC antigen, CA 125, and CA19-9. For SCC, YKL-40 (AUC=0.898) carried out similarly to SCC antigen and was better than CA 125 and CA19-9. Using a cut-off YKL-40 value of 92.2 ng/ml, sensitivity of YKL-40 in stage I adenocarcinoma (68%) was higher than that of the other three markers (11%-21%). Tumor-associated macrophages showed immunoreactivity for YKL-40 in 2 of 28 adenocarcinoma tissue samples, but adenocarcinoma cells themselves were nonimmunoreactive in all samples. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated pretreatment YKL-40 levels predicted unfavorable prognosis, independent of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment serum YKL-40 level is a possible prognosticator of cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess acute toxicities of concurrent low-dose daily cisplatin and extended-field radiation therapy (EFRT) for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Fifteen women with cervical cancer who were treated with concurrent daily low-dose cisplatin and EFRT were analyzed. Daily cisplatin dose was fixed to 8 mg/m(2), which was determined in the preceding phase I study using pelvic radiotherapy. Twelve patients underwent either combined external beam radiation therapy and intracavitary brachytherapy or external beam radiation therapy alone. Three other patients were treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after surgery. A total dose of EFRT ranged from 40 to 45 Gy, with an additional boost to the gross tumor volume up to 50.4-55 Gy. A median total dose of cisplatin during entire radiation therapy course was 224 mg/m(2) (range, 200-240 mg/m(2)). In 14 of 15 patients (93%), daily cisplatin could be delivered continuously as planned without any modification. Administration of cisplatin had to be interrupted in only one patient for only 3 days. Fourteen patients developed grade 2 or worse leukopenia including five after treatment, grade 2 in four, grade 3 in eight, and grade 4 in two. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia was observed in three patients. Grade 2 or worse anemia was observed in 12. Three patients had grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities, diarrhea in two, and nausea/vomiting in one. Although moderate to severe hematologic toxicities are common, this study suggests that concurrent low-dose daily cisplatin and EFRT are feasible. A cumulative cisplatin dose of greater than 200 mg/m(2) during radiation therapy could be achieved by using daily cisplatin dose of 8 mg/m(2).
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Serum YKL-40 levels are usuful diagnostic tumor markers for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
16008 Background: YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. It may be a growth factor, play a role in angiogenesis, or prevent apoptosis. The current study examined serum YKL-40 levels in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix to determine if it is a serum marker. Methods: The serum YKL-40 level was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 24 patients with benign gynecologic disease, in 104 patients with squamous cell carcinonma , in 37 patietns with adenocarcinoma, and in 45 healthy controls, Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA125 and CA19–9 values were obtained. Results: The serum YKL-40 level was higher in patients with cervical carcinoma than in the healthy controls (p<0.0001). YKL-40 concentrations increased significantly in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in those with adenocarcinoma (vs. normal control: p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Judging from the receiver operating curves (ROC), the serum YKL-40 was more sensitive than other serum markers at identifying adenocarcinoma. In squamous cell carcinoma, this ability of serum YKL-40 was equal to that of SCC. YKL-40 was elevated in 68.4% of patients with stage I adenocarcinoma. The pretherapeutic serum level of YKL-40 correlated significantly with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics advanced stage in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Furthermore, the pretherapeutic serum level of YKL-40 correlated with disease persistence or recurrence. Conclusions: The serum YKL-40 level has potential usefulness as a diagnostic marker of adenocarcinoma of the cervix. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Erythromycin ameliorates renal injury via anti-inflammatory effects in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2402-11. [PMID: 16231067 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have shown that the inflammatory process is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Fourteen-membered ring macrolides, including erythromycin, have anti-inflammatory, as well as antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of erythromycin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with erythromycin (5 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle every day for 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect of erythromycin treatment, we measured urinary albumin excretion, and examined the following in the kidney: histological changes, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), macrophage infiltration, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity. RESULTS Erythromycin significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion without affecting blood glucose levels and blood pressure. Erythromycin also attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, macrophage infiltration and ICAM-1 expression in renal tissues. The expression of the gene encoding TGFB1 (also known as TGF-beta1), type IV collagen protein production and NF-kappaB activity in renal tissues were increased in diabetic rats and reduced by erythromycin treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Erythromycin prevented renal injuries without changes of blood glucose levels and blood pressure in experimental diabetic rats. These results suggest that the renoprotective effects of erythromycin are based on its anti-inflammatory effect via suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Modulation of microinflammation with erythromycin may provide a new approach for diabetic nephropathy.
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Cerebral ischaemia during cardiac surgery in children detected by combined monitoring of BIS and near-infrared spectroscopy. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92:662-9. [PMID: 15033888 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeh120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children frequently suffer transient cerebral ischaemia during cardiac surgery. We measured cerebral ischaemia in children during cardiac surgery by combining two methods of monitoring. METHODS We studied 65 children aged between 5 months and 17 yr having surgery to correct non-cyanotic heart disease using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). During surgery, we measured the Bispectral Index (BIS) and regional cerebral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SrO2) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Cerebral ischaemia was diagnosed if both SrO2 and BIS decreased abruptly when acute hypotension occurred. In each patient, the relationship between SrO2 and arterial blood pressure (AP) was indicated by a plot of mean SrO2 against simultaneous mean AP. RESULTS We noted 72 episodes of cerebral ischaemia in 38 patients. Sixty-three ischaemic events were during CPB. Cerebral ischaemia was less frequent in older patients. Cerebral ischaemia was more common and more frequent in children under 4 yr old. Haematocrit during CPB was lower and SrO2 was more dependent on AP in children under 4 yr. CONCLUSIONS Children less than 4 yr of age are more likely to have cerebral ischaemia caused by hypotension during cardiac surgery. Ineffective cerebral autoregulation and haemodilution during CPB may be responsible.
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by its pleiotropic effects in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfg337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Two types of biological activities of the carbohydrate-branched chitosan derivatives were investigated. One is the specific interaction with lectins and bacterium. The other is activation of canine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) cells. The specific bindings of the L-fucose-branched chitosan derivative with Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) and the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-branched chitosan derivative with Concanavalin A (Con A) were confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance technique. The specific aggregation of the fluorescence-labeled L-fucose-branched chitosan derivative with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed by fluorescent microscopic observation. The aggregation would be attributed to the specific binding between the L-fucose-branched chitosan derivative and PA-II receptor on the cell surface of P. aeruginosa. The influence of the chitosan derivatives on the active oxygen species generation from canine PMN cells was also investigated by the luminol-aided chemiluminescence method. The chemiluminescence responses depended on the degree of substitution and water solubility of the chitosan derivatives. The water-insoluble chitosan derivatives would stimulate the PMN cells by a phagocytosis mechanism, and the water-soluble ones would sensitize the PMN cells by a priming mechanism.
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Abstract
Although enterostatin (VPDPR) inhibited morphine-induced analgesia, it had no affinity for mu-opioid receptors. VPDPR administration was reported to elevate serum corticosterone levels. We found that corticosterone exhibited a similar anti-analgesic effect selective for mu-opioid. Furthermore, the anti-analgesic effect of VPDPR was inhibited by RU486, an antagonist for the glucocorticoid receptor. The anti-analgesic effect of VPDPR was not observed in adrenalectomized mice. These results suggest that the anti-analgesic activity of VPDPR is mediated by corticosterone released from the adrenal cortex.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Corticosterone/pharmacology
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mifepristone/metabolism
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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[Anesthetic management using propofol and fentanyl for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2001; 50:1209-12. [PMID: 11758325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated the efficiency of the anesthetic management using propofol and fentanyl for the transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostatic biopsy. In the anesthetic management for the transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostatic biopsy, it is required to obtain enough muscle relaxation of the anal sphincter for placing the transrectal ultrasound probe and to secure immobilization of the patient during the prostatic biopsy. Eight patients undergoing the transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostatic biopsy participated in this study. Without premedication, anesthesia was induced using fentanyl (100 micrograms) and target-controlled infusion of propofol with an estimated blood concentration of 3 micrograms.ml-1. We obtained both sufficient muscle relaxation of the anal sphincter and complete immobilization of the patient during the prostatic biopsy in all patients. Moreover, this anesthetic management assured short awakening time from anesthesia and low incidence of adverse effects. From these results, we conclude that the anesthetic management using propofol and fentanyl for the transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostatic biopsy is efficient and practical.
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Roentgenographic evaluation of ossification and calcification of the lumbar spinal canal after intradiscal betamethasone injection. JOURNAL OF SPINAL DISORDERS 2001; 14:434-8. [PMID: 11586144 DOI: 10.1097/00002517-200110000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There have been reports of lumbar spinal canal ossification and calcification after triamcinolone intradiscal injection therapy. Our objective was to observe the roentgenographic changes after betamethasone intradiscal injection therapy for lumbar disc diseases. The subjects were 183 patients (498 discs; 130 men and 53 women) who underwent discography and betamethasone intradiscal injection therapy and were followed for a mean of 5 years and 7 months. Ossification and calcification appeared de novo (three patients, three discs) or enlarged (four patients, five discs) in the outer layer of the posterior annulus fibrosus or posterior longitudinal ligament in eight discs among seven patients (3.8%). The incidence and degree of ossification and calcification in our patients were significantly lower than those reported in previous studies, and a long time elapsed before ossification and calcification appeared or enlarged. Intradiscal injection of betamethasone did not appear to confer any incremental relative risk for lumbar spinal canal ossification and calcification based on review of follow-up roentgenographs.
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Insulin receptor substrate protein p53 localization in rats suggests mechanism for specific polyglutamine neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2001; 309:145-8. [PMID: 11514062 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a neurodegenerative disease that results from the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat within the coding regions of the DRPLA gene. Recently it was shown that the DRPLA gene product, atrophin-1, interacts with the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate protein, IRSp53. We have isolated rat and mouse cDNA clones for IRSp53 and determined expression patterns in rat central nervous system. In situ hybridization analysis revealed enriched IRSp53 mRNA expression in rat forebrain structures, including the cerebral cortex (layers II/III, V and VI), striatum, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. IRSp53 hybridization signals were also detected in the cerebellum, subthalamic nucleus, pons, amygdala and hypothalamus. These findings support the idea that insulin and insulin growth factor-1 have a role in neurotransmission, one that is regionally specific. The expression of IRSp53 in regions similar to those that degenerate in DRPLA supports the notion that IRSp53 is a relevant atrophin-1 binding protein and may provide a mechanism for region-specific neurodegeneration.
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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of catalase-peroxidase from the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2001; 57:1157-8. [PMID: 11468404 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901008927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2001] [Accepted: 05/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalase-peroxidases are bifunctional enzymes found in many microorganisms. Crystals of catalase-peroxidase from the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The rhombic plate-shaped crystals were grown from purified protein solution using (NH(4))(2)SO(4) as precipitant at 293 K. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2, and diffracted beyond 2.0 A resolution.
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Abstract
Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), beta-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene product, and Dvl, and it regulates GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation in the complex and the stability of beta-catenin. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we found that regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A, PR61beta and -gamma, interact with Axin. PR61beta or -gamma formed a complex with Axin in intact cells, and their interaction was direct. The binding site of PR61beta on Axin was different from those of GSK-3beta, beta-catenin, APC, and Dvl. Although PR61beta did not affect the stability of beta-catenin, it inhibited Dvl- and beta-catenin-dependent T cell factor activation in mammalian cells. Moreover, it suppressed beta-catenin-induced axis formation and expression of siamois, a Wnt target gene, in Xenopus embryos, suggesting that PR61beta acts either at the level of beta-catenin or downstream of it. Taken together with the previous observations that PR61 interacts with APC and functions upstream of beta-catenin, these results demonstrate that PR61 regulates the Wnt signaling pathway at various steps.
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Abstract
Myocardial involvement is frequently associated with various types of muscular dystrophy and Thallium-201 scintigraphy can show regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with muscular dystrophy. Myocardial fatty acid metabolism can now be imaged using a radioiodinated branched fatty acid (123I-BMIPP). The present study evaluates myocardial fatty acid metabolism in muscular dystrophy. Twenty-eight patients underwent 123I-BMIPP(BMIPP) and Thallium dual single photon emission tomography. Regional uptake of both tracers was visually analyzed. We also assessed electrocardiography and echocardiography. The results showed that the BMIPP uptake compared to Thallium was smaller in 57% of all patients. BMIPP SPECT images revealed abnormalities in four of eight patients with a normal electrocardiogram. Abnormal BMIPP uptake with normal regional wall motion was evident in nine patients. The size of the region with defective BMIPP uptake was larger than that of asynergic areas detected by echocardiography in 11 patients. In conclusion, muscular dystrophy involves depressed myocardial fatty acid metabolism in larger extent of region than that in perfusion or mechanical abnormality.
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Fission yeast homologues of the B' subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin. Genes Cells 2001; 6:455-73. [PMID: 11380623 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase distributed in eukaryotes from yeast to human, and plays pivotal roles in diverse cellular functions such as metabolism, cell cycle progression, gene expression and development. PP2A holoenzyme is a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit C and a regulatory subunit A, or a heterotrimer of C, A and a variable regulatory subunit consisting of three families; B, B', and PR72. Specific functions for each variable subunit are not well understood. RESULTS Two fission yeast genes pbp1+ and pbp2+ homologous to the regulatory subunit B' were isolated. Physical in vivo interaction of the gene products with the catalytic subunit was demonstrated. A double disruption haploid mutant (Deltapbp1Deltapbp2) showed growth defect, cell shape and size abnormality, multiseptation and anucleated cell formation due to abnormality in septum positioning. These phenotypes were suppressed by human B' cDNA, indicating the striking conservation of the B' function from yeast to human. Over-expression of fission yeast B' led to growth defects, a loss of cell shape polarity, septal abnormality and anucleated cell formation. Deltapbp1Deltapbp2 and pbp1 null haploids were hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and FK506, with which the mutants underwent arrest at post-anaphase and cell lysis. Double disruption of calcineurin and pbp1+, but not pbp2+, genes led to synthetic lethality. CONCLUSION The fission yeast B' subunit of PP2A plays critical roles in cell shape control and septum formation, and shares essential functions with calcineurin for viability, possibly through their roles in cytokinesis and cell wall integrity.
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Designing potent derivatives of ovokinin(2-7), an anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:736-9. [PMID: 11330703 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We obtained a potent anti-hypertensive peptide, RPFHPF, by replacing the amino acid residues of ovokinin(2-7) (RADHPF), an orally active anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. After intravenous administration in anesthetized Wistar rats, the designed peptide [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) had a long-lasting hypotensive activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg, while that of ovokinin(2-7) was only transient even at a dose of 100 mg/kg. After oral administration in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. It is noteworthy that the minimum effective dose of [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) was 0.3 mg/kg, about one-thirtieth of that of ovokinin(2-7). On the other hand, orally administered [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) did not show any significant hypotensive effect in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) even at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Taken together, [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) proved to be an ideal, potent anti-hypertensive peptide with little effect on normal blood pressure when given orally.
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Abstract
RGS proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) serve as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits and negatively regulate G protein-coupled receptor signaling. In this study, we characterized biochemical properties of RGS5 and its N terminal (1-33)-deleted mutant (deltaN-RGS5). RGS5 bound to G alpha(i1), G alpha(i2), G alpha(i3), G alpha(o) and G alpha(q) but not to G alpha(s) and G alpha13 in the presence of GDP/AIF4-, and accelerated the catalytic rate of GTP hydrolysis of G alpha(i3) subunit. When expressed in 293T cells stably expressing angiotensin (Ang) AT1a receptors (AT1a-293T cells), RGS5 suppressed Ang II- and endothelin (ET)-1-induced intracellular Ca2+ transients. The effect of RGS5 was concentration-dependent, and the slope of the concentration-response relationship showed that a 10-fold increase in amounts of RGS5 induced about 20-25% reduction of the Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, a comparison study of three sets of 293T cells with different expression levels of AT1a receptors showed that RGS5 inhibited Ang II-induced responses more effectively in 293T cells with the lower density of AT1a receptors, suggesting that the degree of inhibition by RGS proteins reflects the ratio of amounts of RGS proteins to those of activated G alpha subunits after receptor stimulation by agonists. When expressed in AT1a-293T cells, deltaN-RGS5 was localized almost exclusively in the cytosolic fraction, and exerted the inhibitory effects as potently as RGS5 which was present in both membrane and cytosolic fractions. Studies on relationship between subcellular localization and inhibitory effects of RGS5 and deltaN-RGS5 revealed that the N terminal (1-33) of RGS5 plays a role in targeting this protein to membranes, and that the N terminal region of RGS5 is not essential for exerting activities.
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Detection of K-ras and p53 gene mutations in pancreatic juice for the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors. Pancreas 2001; 22:108-9. [PMID: 11138964 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200101000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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35
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[A clinical case of 13 years old boy of aspirin-induced asthma with food allergy]. ARERUGI = [ALLERGY] 2000; 49:1104-7. [PMID: 11193462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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36
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Responses of muscle sympathetic nerve activity to static handgrip exercise after 14 days of exposure to simulated microgravity. JOURNAL OF GRAVITATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR GRAVITATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 7:P175-6. [PMID: 12697516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Decrease in muscle perfusion affects on cardiovascular response to exercise. Muscle hypoperfusion enhances the increase in blood pressure responses to exercise. Muscle perfusion depends not only on central blood pressure but also how fit the active muscle is above or below the heart level; muscle perfusion decreases as arm is elevated. Static exercise increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) innervating vessels in non-active muscles. The exercise-induced increase in MSNA is mainly mediated by stimulating chemosensitive muscle afferents in active muscles. However, the effect of arm elevation on MSNA during forearm exercise is not examined. On the other hand, space flight and simulated microgravity exposure causes reduction in muscle blood flow, suggesting chronic muscle hypoperfused condition during simulated microgravity. Therefore, there is a possibility that arm elevation after microgravity exposure alters MSNA responsiveness during exercise. However, arm elevation effect after exposure to simulated microgravity is not examined.
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Cloning of a novel murine gene Sfmbt, Scm-related gene containing four mbt domains, structurally belonging to the Polycomb group of genes. Gene 2000; 248:127-35. [PMID: 10806358 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel cDNA clone encoding a protein structurally related to the transcriptional repressor Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which regulate homeotic genes and others, was isolated from mouse and rat brain. The coding protein contained the SPM domain and mbt repeats, both of which are characteristic of the PcG proteins, and showed significant similarity in amino acid sequence to the Drosophila Sex comb on midleg (Scm) protein. Since this novel protein contains the mbt repeats in four tandem copies, we designated this murine gene as Sfmbt for Scm-related gene containing four mbt domains. Cloning and characterization of the mouse Sfmbt gene revealed that the coding sequence comprised 20 exons, dispersed along approximately 40kb, and mapped to the proximal part of Chromosome 14. Northern blot analysis showed that the Sfmbt mRNAs were expressed most abundantly in the adult testis, and less intensively in all other tissues examined.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Genes/genetics
- Introns
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muridae
- Polycomb-Group Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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RGS domain in the amino-terminus of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibits Gq-mediated signaling. Int J Mol Med 2000; 5:335-40. [PMID: 10719047 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.5.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that not only G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2, but also a catalytically inactive Lys220Trp GRK2 decreases endothelin (ET)-1-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation, and demonstrated the presence of phosphorylation-independent desensitization mechanism. To clarify the role of GRK2 other than that as a kinase, we characterized an RGS (regulator of G protein signaling)-like domain in the amino-terminus of GRK2. Both GRK2(1-181) and GRK2(54-174) suppressed Ca2+ responses induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and ET-1, and bound directly with Galphaq but not Galphas nor Galphai3 in the presence of GDP and AlF4-. These results demonstrate that GRK2 regulates Gq-mediated signaling negatively by direct interaction between its RGS domain and the transitional state of Galphaq, as well as through phosphorylation of activated receptors by its kinase domain.
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GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of adenomatous polyposis coli gene product can be modulated by beta-catenin and protein phosphatase 2A complexed with Axin. Oncogene 2000; 19:537-45. [PMID: 10698523 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Axin forms a complex with adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC), glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), and beta-catenin through different binding sites and downregulates beta-catenin. GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of APC-(1211-2075) which has the Axin-binding site was facilitated by Axin, but that of APC-(959-1338) which lacks the Axin-binding site was not. Axin-(298-506) or Axin-(298-832), which has the GSK-3beta- and beta-catenin- but not APC-binding sites, did not enhance GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of either APC-(1211-2075) or APC-(959-1338). Furthermore, beta-catenin stimulated the phosphorylation of APC-(959-1338) and APC-(1211-2075) by GSK-3beta in the presence of Axin. Consistent with these in vitro observations, expression of beta-catenin or Axin in COS cells promoted an SDS gel band shift of APC. These results indicate that APC complexed with Axin is effectively phosphorylated by GSK-3beta and that beta-catenin may modulate this phosphorylation. In addition, the heterodimeric form of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) directly bound to Axin, and PP2A complexed with Axin dephosphorylated APC phosphorylated by GSK-3beta. Taken together, these results suggest that GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of APC can be modulated by beta-catenin and PP2A complexed with Axin.
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Studies on functions of the 63-kDa A- and 74-kDa B'(delta)-regulatory subunits in human erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A: dissociation and reassociation of the subunits. J Biochem 1999; 126:1127-35. [PMID: 10578065 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterodimeric form, CA, of protein-serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) 2A purified from human erythrocytes was dissociated into a 34-kDa catalytic subunit C and 63-kDa inactive subunit A by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration in the presence of 6 M urea. Reassociation of the C- and A-subunits in the absence of urea suppressed the PP activity of the C subunit toward phosphorylase a, P-H2B histone, and P-H1 histone in the presence or absence of 20 mM MnCl(2) or 50 mM Mg(CH(3)COO)(2), but stimulated the PP activity toward P-H1 histone in the presence of 200 mM NaCl and the Mn(2+)-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity toward P-Tyr-Glu copolymers. The 74-kDa inactive B'(delta) subunit was isolated from a heterotrimeric form, CAB'(delta), of PP2A partially purified from human erythrocytes, by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography. The B'(delta) subunit reassociated with CA and suppressed the PP- and PTP-activities of CA. The B'(delta) subunit did not associate with the isolated C subunit directly, and had no effect on the activities of the C subunit, indicating that the A subunit is essential for the association of the B'(delta) subunit with CA and the resulting suppression of the PP- and PTP-activities.
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Cloning and sequencing of the rat cDNAs encoding class I beta-tubulin. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 1999; 9:365-8. [PMID: 10524766 DOI: 10.3109/10425179809008478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of rat cDNA clones encoding class I beta-tubulin were isolated from the neonatal rat brain, and sequenced. They corresponded to mRNA species formed by the alternative usage of polyadenylation signals. The determined nucleotide sequence showed high (84.6%) identity to rat class II beta-tubulin, the only rat beta-tubulin sequence reported in the nucleotide database, in the coding region, but relatively low (47.3-50.7%) in the noncoding region. The Northern blot analysis using the 3'-noncoding fragment as a probe showed that both mRNA species of the class I beta-tubulin were down-regulated during brain development.
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43
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Rhes: A striatal-specific Ras homolog related to Dexras1. J Neurosci Res 1999; 57:782-8. [PMID: 10467249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized an apparently full-length cDNA corresponding to a rat mRNA, SE6C, previously identified by subtractive hybridization as being expressed predominantly in the striatal region of the brain. The SE6C mRNA encodes a 266 amino acid protein with significant similarity to members of the Ras-like GTP-binding protein family; thus, we have chosen the name Rhes, for Ras homolog enriched in striatum. The human homolog was found in a genomic sequence from human chromosome 22q13.1 and shares 95% identity with rat Rhes. Among the family of small G-proteins, Rhes shares 62% identity with Dexras1, a mouse dexamethasone-inducible Ras-like protein. Both Rhes and Dexras1 have substantially longer C-termini than other members of the Ras-like small G-protein family. Divergence between the C-terminal sequences of Rhes and Dexras1 suggests that, although their functions are probably similar, they have unique properties. Bacterially expressed Rhes binds GTP, suggesting that the protein indeed has GTPase functionality. Although Rhes was not induced by dexamethasone, its full expression is dependent upon thyroid hormone availability. Its accumulation is postnatal, consistent with the dependence upon thyroid hormone. It is noteworthy that most striatum-"specific" mRNAs characterized to date encode components of signal transduction cascades.
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Interconversion of Mn(2+)-dependent and -independent protein phosphatase 2A from human erythrocytes: role of Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) in protein phosphatase 2A. J Biochem 1999; 126:632-8. [PMID: 10467181 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythrocyte Mn(2+)-dependent (C'A') and -independent (CA) protein-serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) 2A are composed of 34-kDa catalytic C' and C subunits, in which the metal dependency resides, and 63-kDa regulatory A' and A subunits, respectively. Each catalytic and regulatory subunit gave the same V8- and papain-peptide maps, respectively. Stoichiometric zinc and substoichiometric iron were detected in CA but not in C'A' [Nishito et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 447, 29-33]. The Mn(2+)-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity of C'A' was about 70-fold higher than that of CA. Pre-incubation of CA with 25 mM NaF changed CA to a Mn(2+)-dependent form with higher PTP activity. The same NaF treatment had no effect on C'A'. Pre-incubation of C'A' with ZnCl(2), zinc-metallothionein, or FeCl(2) activated the Mn(2+)-independent PP activity, but pre-incubation with FeCl(3) did not. Ascorbate in the pre-incubation and assay mixture significantly stimulated the effect of FeCl(2). Pre-incubation of C'A' with 5 microM ZnCl(2) and 15 microM FeCl(2) in the presence of 1 mM ascorbate synergistically stimulated the Mn(2+)-independent PP activity, with concomitant suppression of the Mn(2+)-dependent PP and PTP activities. The PP and PTP activities of CA were unaffected by the same zinc and/or iron treatment. Micromolar concentrations of vanadate strongly inhibited the Mn(2+)-dependent PP activity of C'A' but only slightly inhibited the PP activity of CA. Using the distinct effect of vanadate as an indicator, the interconversion between CA and C'A' with the above mentioned treatments was proved. These results support the notion that Mn(2+)-independent CA is a Zn(2+)- and Fe(2+)-metalloenzyme, whose apoenzyme is Mn(2+)-dependent C'A'.
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Chemical modification of chitin and chitosan 1: preparation of partially deacetylated chitin derivatives via a ring-opening reaction with cyclic acid anhydrides in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide. Carbohydr Polym 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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A novel anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin induces nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation in an isolated SHR mesenteric artery. FEBS Lett 1999; 452:181-4. [PMID: 10386586 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we deal with the isolation of a novel vasorelaxing peptide from a chymotryptic digest of ovalbumin and its vasorelaxing activities. This peptide is composed of Arg-Ala-Asp-His-Pro-Phe (RADHPF) in its sequence, corresponding to residues 359-364 of ovalbumin. This peptide (30-300 microM) exerted a dose-dependent vasodilation in an isolated mesenteric artery from a spontaneously hypertensive rat which was pre-constricted by phenylephrine, besides the relaxation being endothelium-dependent. It is noteworthy that the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibited this relaxation, implying involvement of nitric oxide in its mechanism of action. Following oral administration of RADHPF at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the systolic blood pressure in a spontaneously hypertensive rat was significantly lowered.
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Direct metal analyses of Mn2+-dependent and -independent protein phosphatase 2A from human erythrocytes detect zinc and iron only in the Mn2+-independent one. FEBS Lett 1999; 447:29-33. [PMID: 10218576 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2A which is composed of a 34 kDa catalytic C' subunit and a 63 kDa regulatory A' subunit, was purified from human erythrocyte cytosol. C' and A' produced V8- and papain-peptide maps identical to those of the 34 kDa catalytic C and the 63 kDa regulatory A subunits of the Mn2+-independent conventional protein phosphatase in human erythrocyte cytosol, respectively. Reconstitution of C'A and CA' revealed that the metal dependency resided in C' and not in A'. In CA, 0.87 +/- 0.12 mol zinc and 0.35 +/- 0.18 mol iron per mol enzyme were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, but manganese, magnesium and cobalt were not detected. None of these metals was detected in C'A'. Pre-incubation of C' with ZnCl2 and FeCl2, but not FeCl3, synergistically stimulated the Mn2+-independent protein phosphatase activity. The protein phosphatase activity of C was unaffected by the same zinc and/or iron treatment. These results suggest that C is a Zn2+- and Fe2+-metalloenzyme and that C' is the apoenzyme.
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Purification and characterization of chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase from the culture medium of a rat chondrosarcoma cell line. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:2456-63. [PMID: 9891016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.4.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase, which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 4 of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin, was purified 1900-fold to apparent homogeneity with 6.1% yield from the serum-free culture medium of rat chondrosarcoma cells by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, Matrex gel red A-agarose, 3',5'-ADP-agarose, and the second heparin-Sepharose CL-6B. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed two protein bands. Molecular masses of these protein were 60 and 64 kDa under reducing conditions and 50 and 54 kDa under nonreducing conditions. Both the protein bands coeluted with chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity from Toyopearl HW-55 around the position of 50 kDa, indicating that the active form of chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase is a monomer. Dithiothreitol activated the purified chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase. The purified enzyme transferred sulfate to chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C were poor acceptors. Chondroitin sulfate E from squid cartilage, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and completely desulfated N-resulfated heparin hardly served as acceptors of the sulfotransferase. The transfer of sulfate to the desulfated dermatan sulfate occurred preferentially at position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residues flanked with glucuronic acid residues on both reducing and nonreducing sides.
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Immunodetection of p53 protein and ki-67 of early squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakias of the tongue. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(99)81104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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[A case of diffuse pulmonary metastasis of malignant pleural mesothelioma with elevated CYFRA in serum and pleural effusion]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1998; 87:2084-5. [PMID: 9867019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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