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Buffet A, Zhang J, Rebel H, Corssmit EPM, Jansen JC, Hensen EF, Bovée JVMG, Morini A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Hes FJ, Devilee P, Favier J, Bayley JP. Germline DLST Variants Promote Epigenetic Modifications in Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:459-471. [PMID: 33180916 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors in which altered central metabolism appears to be a major driver of tumorigenesis, and many PPGL genes encode proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN While about 40% of PPGL cases carry a variant in a known gene, many cases remain unexplained. In patients with unexplained PPGL showing clear evidence of a familial burden or multiple tumors, we aimed to identify causative factors using genetic analysis of patient DNA and functional analyses of identified DNA variants in patient tumor material and engineered cell lines. PATIENTS AND SETTING Patients with a likely familial cancer burden of pheochromocytomas and/or paragangliomas and under investigation in a clinical genetic and clinical research setting in university hospitals. RESULTS While investigating unexplained PPGL cases, we identified a novel variant, c.1151C>T, p.(Pro384Leu), in exon 14 of the gene encoding dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (DLST), a component of the multi-enzyme complex 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Targeted sequence analysis of further unexplained cases identified a patient carrying a tumor with compound heterozygous variants in DLST, consisting of a germline variant, c.1121G>A, p.(Gly374Glu), together with a somatic missense variant identified in tumor DNA, c.1147A>G, p.(Thr383Ala), both located in exon 14. Using a range of in silico and functional assays we show that these variants are predicted to be pathogenic, profoundly impact enzyme activity, and result in DNA hypermethylation. CONCLUSIONS The identification and functional analysis of these DLST variants further validates DLST as an additional PPGL gene involved in the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Buffet
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France
- Genetic department, Adrenal Referral Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heggert Rebel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C Jansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F Hensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélien Morini
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département d'anatomo-pathologie, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France
- Genetic department, Adrenal Referral Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Favier
- Genetic department, Adrenal Referral Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kang D, Apel W, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. Recent results from the KASCADE-Grande data analysis. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920804005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KASCADE, together with its extension KASCADE-Grande measured individual air showers of cosmic rays in the primary energy range of 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The data collection was fully completed at the end of 2013 and the experiment was dismantled. However, the data analysis is still in progress. Recently, we published a new result on upper limits to the flux of ultra-high energy gamma rays, which set constraints on some fundamental astrophysical models. We also use the data to investigate the validity of the new hadronic interactions models like SIBYLL version 2.3c or EPOS-LHC. In addition, we updated and improved the webbased platform of the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Centre (KCDC), where now the data from KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande of more than 20 years measurements is available, including corresponding Monte-Carlo simulated events based on three different hadronic interaction models. In this contribution, recent results from KASCADE-Grande and the update of KCDC is briefly discussed.
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Arteaga-Velázquez J, Rivera-Rangel D, Apel W, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huege T, Kampert K, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. Study of themuon content of high-energy air showers with KASCADE-Grande. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920806003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report measurements on the muon content (Eth > 230 MeV) of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by cosmic rays with primary energy from 10 PeV up to 1 EeV performed with the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The measurements are confronted with SIBYLL 2.3. The results are focused on the dependence of the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS on the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles in the shower. We also present updated results of a detailed study of the attenuation length of shower muons, which reveal a deviation between the measured data and the predictions of the post-LHC hadronic interaction models SIBYLL 2.3, QGSJET-II-04 and EPOS-LHC.
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Chiavassa A, Apel W, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. Summary of the main results of the KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments operated in KIT-Campus North, Karlsruhe (Germany) from 1993 to 2012. The two experiments studied primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 1014 eV to 1018 eV, investigating the change of slope of the spectrum detected at 2 - 4 × 1015 eV, the so called knee. We briefly review the performance of the experiments and then the main results obtained in the operation of both experiments: the test of hadronic interaction models, the all particle primary spectrum, the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays (with the first claim of a knee-like feature of the heavy primaries spectrum) and the search for large scale anisotropies.
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Arteaga-Velázquez J, Rivera-Rangel D, Apel W, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, Souza VD, Pierro FD, Doll P, Engel R, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huege T, Kampert K, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. Tests of the SIBYLL 2.3 high-energy hadronic interaction model using the KASCADE-Grande muon data. EPJ Web of Conferences 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817207003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The KASCADE-Grande observatory was a ground-based air shower array dedicated to study the energy and composition of cosmic rays in the energy interval E = 1 PeV –1 EeV. The experiment consisted of different detector systems which allowed the simultaneous measurement of distinct components of air showers (EAS), such as the muon content. In this contribution, we study the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS detected by KASCADE-Grande as a function of the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles. The attenuation length of the muon content of EAS is also measured. The results are compared with the predictions of the SIBYLL 2.3 high-energy hadronic interaction model.
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Haungs A, Apel W, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, Souza VD, Pierro FD, Doll P, Engel R, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. KASCADE-Grande: Composition studies in the view of the post-LHC hadronic interaction models. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714513001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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van de Glind G, Rebel H, van Kempen M, Tensen K, de Gruijl F. Fractionation of a tumor-initiating UV dose introduces DNA damage-retaining cells in hairless mouse skin and renders subsequent TPA-promoted tumors non-regressing. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8067-77. [PMID: 26797757 PMCID: PMC4884976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunburns and especially sub-sunburn chronic UV exposure are associated with increased risk of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here we focus on a possible difference in tumor initiation from a single severe-sunburn dose (on day 1, 21 hairless mice) and from an equal dose fractionated into very low sub-sunburn doses not causing any (growth-promoting) epidermal hyperplasia (40 days daily exposure, n=20). From day 47 all mice received 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) applications (2x/wk) for 20 weeks to promote tumor development within the lifetime of the animals. After the sub-sunburn regimen sparse DNA damage-retaining basal cells (quiescent stem cells, QSCs) remained in the non-hyperplastic epidermis. These cells were forced to divide by TPA. After discontinuation of TPA tumors regressed and disappeared in the ‘sunburn group’ but persisted and grew in the ‘sub-sunburn group’ (0.06 vs 2.50 SCCs and precursors ≥4mm/mouse after 280 days, p=0.03). As the tumors carried no mutations in p53, H/K/N-Ras and Notch1/2, these ‘usual suspects' were not involved in the UV-driven tumor initiation. Although we could not selectively eliminate QSCs (unknown phenotype) to establish causality, our data suggest that forcing specifically DNA damage-retaining QSCs to divide – with high mutagenic risk - gives rise to persisting (mainly ‘in situ’) skin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heggert Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, LUMC, Leiden, 2333RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, LUMC, Leiden, 2333RC, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, LUMC, Leiden, 2333RC, The Netherlands
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Łuczak P, Apel W, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Curcio C, Daumiller K, Souza VD, Pierro FD, Doll P, Engel R, Engler J, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Ludwig M, Mathes H, Mayer H, Melissas M, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Petcu M, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. The 〈 ln A 〉 study with the Muon tracking detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment – comparison of hadronic interaction models. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159913001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arteaga-Velázquez J, Apel W, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, Souza VD, Pierro FD, Doll P, Engel R, Engler J, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Gherghel-Lascu A, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Mathes H, Mayer H, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Petcu M, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. Confronting the EPOS-LHC model predictions on the charged particle and muon attenuation lengths of EAS with the measurements of the KASCADE-Grande observatory. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159912002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Smída R, Werner F, Engel R, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus IM, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel JR, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Kleifges M, Krömer O, Link K, Luczak P, Ludwig M, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Mayer HJ, Melissas M, Morello C, Neunteufel P, Oehlschläger J, Palmieri N, Pekala J, Pierog T, Rautenberg J, Rebel H, Riegel M, Roth M, Salamida F, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder FG, Sima O, Stasielak J, Toma G, Trinchero GC, Unger M, Weber M, Weindl A, Wilczyński H, Will M, Wochele J, Zabierowski J. First Experimental Characterization of Microwave Emission from Cosmic Ray Air Showers. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:221101. [PMID: 25494064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the first direct measurement of the overall characteristics of microwave radio emission from extensive air showers. Using a trigger provided by the KASCADE-Grande air shower array, the signals of the microwave antennas of the Cosmic-Ray Observation via Microwave Emission experiment have been read out and searched for signatures of radio emission by high-energy air showers in the GHz frequency range. Microwave signals have been detected for more than 30 showers with energies above 3×10^{16} eV. The observations presented in this Letter are consistent with a mainly forward-directed and polarized emission process in the GHz frequency range. The measurements show that microwave radiation offers a new means of studying air showers at E≥10^{17} eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - K Bekk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Bertaina
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Bozdog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I M Brancus
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 76900 Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Chiavassa
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Cossavella
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Di Pierro
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - P Doll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Fuchs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Fuhrmann
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Grupen
- Department of Physics, Siegen University, 57072 Germany
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- Department of Astrophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 The Netherlands
| | - D Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K-H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Krömer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Luczak
- Department of Astrophysics, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 90-950 Łódź, Poland
| | - M Ludwig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H J Mayer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Melissas
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, INAF 10133, Torino, Italy
| | - P Neunteufel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Oehlschläger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Palmieri
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Pekala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Rebel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Riegel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Salamida
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schoo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, 76900 Bucharest, Romania
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - G Toma
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 76900 Bucharest, Romania
| | - G C Trinchero
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, INAF 10133, Torino, Italy
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Will
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Wochele
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Zabierowski
- Department of Astrophysics, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 90-950 Łódź, Poland
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Apel W, Arteaga-Velazquez J, Bähren L, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Biermann P, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Falcke H, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Gemmeke H, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Horneffer A, Huber D, Huege T, Isar P, Kampert KH, Kang D, Krömer O, Kuijpers J, Link K, Łuczak P, Ludwig M, Mathes H, Melissas M, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Palmieri N, Pierog T, Rautenberg J, Rebel H, Roth M, Rühle C, Saftoiu A, Schieler H, Schmidt A, Schröder F, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Weindl A, Wochele J, Zabierowski J, Zensus J. Reconstruction of the energy and depth of maximum of cosmic-ray air showers from LOPES radio measurements. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rebel H, der Spek CDV, Salvatori D, van Leeuwen JPTM, Robanus-Maandag EC, de Gruijl FR. UV exposure inhibits intestinal tumor growth and progression to malignancy in intestine-specific Apc mutant mice kept on low vitamin D diet. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:271-7. [PMID: 24890436 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from colorectal cancer increases with latitude and decreases with ambient UV radiation. We investigated whether moderate UV dosages could inhibit intestinal tumor development and whether this corresponded with UV-induced vitamin D. FabplCre;Apc(15lox/+) mice, which develop intestinal tumors, and their parents were put on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Next to a control group, one group was vitamin D supplemented and another one group was daily UV irradiated from 6 weeks of age. Vitamin D statuses after 6 weeks of treatment were markedly increased: mean ± SD from 7.7 ± 1.9 in controls to 75 ± 15 nmol/l with vitamin D supplementation (no gender difference), and to 31 ± 13 nmol/l in males and 85 ± 17 nmol/l in females upon UV irradiation. The tumor load (area covered by tumors) at 7.5 months of age was significantly reduced in both the vitamin D-supplemented group (130 ± 25 mm(2), p = 0.018) and the UV-exposed group (88 ± 9 mm(2), p < 0.0005; no gender differences) compared to the control group (202 ± 23 mm(2)). No reductions in tumor numbers were found. Only UV exposure appeared to reduce progression to malignancy (p = 0.014). Our experiments clearly demonstrate for the first time an inhibitory effect of moderate UV exposure on outgrowth and malignant progression of primary intestinal tumors, which at least in part can be attributed to vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggert Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Apel WD, Arteaga-Velàzquez JC, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus IM, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Engler J, Finger M, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Gils HJ, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel JR, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages HO, Link K, Łuczak P, Ludwig M, Mathes HJ, Mayer HJ, Melissas M, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Petcu M, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder FG, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero GC, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Wommer M, Zabierowski J. Ankle-like feature in the energy spectrum of light elements of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.87.081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Arteaga-Velázquez J, Apel W, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus I, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Engler J, Finger M, Fuchs B, Fuhrmann D, Gils H, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel J, Huber D, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages H, Link K, Łuczak P, Ludwig M, Mathes H, Mayer H, Melissas M, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Palmieri N, Petcu M, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoo S, Schröder FG, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero G, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Wommer M, Zabierowski J. Test of hadronic interaction models with the KASCADE-Grande muon data. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135207002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Apel WD, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Bekk K, Bertaina M, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus IM, Buchholz P, Cantoni E, Chiavassa A, Cossavella F, Daumiller K, de Souza V, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Engler J, Finger M, Fuhrmann D, Ghia PL, Gils HJ, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel JR, Huber D, Huege T, Isar PG, Kampert KH, Kang D, Klages HO, Link K, Łuczak P, Ludwig M, Mathes HJ, Mayer HJ, Melissas M, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Navarra G, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Over S, Palmieri N, Petcu M, Pierog T, Rebel H, Roth M, Schieler H, Schröder FG, Sima O, Toma G, Trinchero GC, Ulrich H, Weindl A, Wochele J, Wommer M, Zabierowski J. Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:171104. [PMID: 22107501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.171104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum of heavy primary particles at about 8×10(16) eV. This structure is also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas the "knee" of the cosmic ray spectrum at 3-5×10(15) eV was assigned to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of 10(16) to 10(18) eV. The data are analyzed on a single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Apel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bombardieri C, Quayle C, Rebel H, Rijksen Y, de Gruijl F, Hoeijmakers J, Menck CFM, van der Horst G. Differential role of UVB-induced photolesions in skin and immune response. (50.10). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.50.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
UV-induced DNA damage is an essential step in the process by which UVB can alter host resistance to infections diseases. UV-light induces two types of photolesion on DNA that are repaired by photolyases (absent in placental mammals) or Nucleotide Excision Repair. Photolyases are capable of repair these lesions using a photon of light as source of energy. Although the deleterious effects of UV are widely known, the specific role of each photolesion in the induction of changes in the immune response remains unknown. It has been shown in vivo that CPDs are responsible for the majority of the effects after UVB skin irradiation of DNA repair proficient mice, such as erythema, apoptosis, hyperplasia, tumorigenesis and immunosuppression. However the role of 6-4PP is still unknown. We show that the removal of CPD lesions prevents hyperplasia and induces dark skin pigmentation. When 6-4PPs were removed, UVB promoted hyperplasia and tanning. Also, unlike 6-4PP removal, CPD removal is capable of preventing the development of p53 epidermal patches, which have a direct correlation with carcinoma development. Furthermore, the CPD removal is sufficient to suppress the induction of Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3) in draining lymph nodes and spleen indicating a minor state of immunosuppression. This study can provide new information as how immune responses are regulated depending of the lesion that is repaired and improve our understanding the immune system role in skin cancer induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Quayle
- 2University of São Paulo, Biomedical Sciences Institute II, São Paulo, Brazil
- 1ErasmusMC, Genetics Department, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heggert Rebel
- 3Leiden University Medical Center, Dermatology Department, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank de Gruijl
- 3Leiden University Medical Center, Dermatology Department, Leiden, Netherlands
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de Graaf YGL, Rebel H, Elghalbzouri A, Cramers P, Nellen RGL, Willemze R, Bouwes Bavinck JN, de Gruijl FR. More epidermal p53 patches adjacent to skin carcinomas in renal transplant recipients than in immunocompetent patients: the role of azathioprine. Exp Dermatol 2007; 17:349-55. [PMID: 17979968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients (RTR) strongly increases the risk of cancers on sun-exposed skin. This increased risk was considered an inevitable collateral effect of immunosuppression, because UV-induced carcinomas in mice were found to be highly antigenic. Here, we posed the question whether immunosuppression also increases the frequency of p53-mutant foci ('p53 patches'), putative microscopic precursors of squamous cell carcinomas. As the majority of RTR was kept on azathioprine for most of the time, we investigated whether this drug could increase UV-induced p53 patches by immunosuppression. As azathioprine can impair UV-damaged DNA repair under certain conditions, we also investigated whether DNA repair was affected. Archive material of RTR and immunocompetent patients (ICP), as well as azathioprine-administered hairless mice were examined for p53 patches. DNA repair was investigated by ascertaining the effect of azathioprine on unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in UV-irradiated human keratinocytes. P53 patches were more prevalent in RTR than in ICP in normal skin adjacent to carcinomas (P = 0.02), in spite of a lower mean age in the RTR (52 vs 63 years, P = 0.001), but we found no increase in UV-induced p53 patches in mice that were immunosuppressed by azathioprine. We found a significant reduction in DNA repair activity in keratinocytes treated with azathioprine (P = 0.011). UV-induced UDS in humans is dominated by repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and these DNA lesions can lead to 'UV-signature' mutations in the P53 gene, giving rise to p53 patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymke G L de Graaf
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Alekseev S, Kool H, Rebel H, Fousteri M, Moser J, Backendorf C, de Gruijl FR, Vrieling H, Mullenders LHF. Enhanced DDB2 expression protects mice from carcinogenic effects of chronic UV-B irradiation. Cancer Res 2006; 65:10298-306. [PMID: 16288018 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB) is essential for global genome repair (GGR) of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Unlike human cells, rodent epidermal cells are deficient in GGR of CPDs and express a subunit of UV-DDB, DDB2, at a low level. In this study, we generated mice (K14-DDB2) ectopically expressing mouse DDB2 at elevated levels. Enhanced expression of DDB2 both delayed the onset of squamous cell carcinoma and decreased the number of tumors per mouse in chronically UV-B light-exposed hairless mice. Enhanced expression of DDB2 improved repair of both CPDs and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP) in dermal fibroblasts. However, GGR of CPDs in K14-DDB2 mice did not reach the level of efficiency of human cells, suggesting that another repair protein may become rate limiting when DDB2 is abundantly present. To complement these studies, we generated mice in which the DDB2 gene was disrupted. DDB2-/- and DDB2+/- mice were found to be hypersensitive to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. On the cellular level, we detected a delay in the repair of 6-4PPs in DDB2-/- dermal fibroblasts. Neither the absence nor the enhanced expression of DDB2 affected the levels of UV-induced apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes or cultured dermal fibroblasts. Our results show an important role for DDB2 in the protection against UV-induced cancer and indicate that this protection is most likely mediated by accelerating the repair of photolesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Alekseev
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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20
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Rebel H, Kram N, Westerman A, Banus S, van Kranen HJ, de Gruijl FR. Relationship between UV-induced mutant p53 patches and skin tumours, analysed by mutation spectra and by induction kinetics in various DNA-repair-deficient mice. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:2123-30. [PMID: 16051635 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusters of p53 immunopositive epidermal keratinocytes (so-called p53 patches, clones or foci) are found in sun or ultraviolet (UV) light-exposed skin. We investigated to what extent these p53 patches are genuine precursors of skin carcinomas in chronically irradiated hairless (SKH1) mice. The mutation spectra of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene of laser-micro-dissected mutant p53 patches and carcinomas were therefore compared. The mutations we found were mainly UV-signature mutations (C-->T and CC-->TT at dipyrimidine sites) located at known hotspots. No significant differences were found between both spectra, indicating that all p53 patches harbour mutations with which they could progress to carcinomas. To examine whether these p53 patches can be used as tumour risk indicators, we made an extensive comparison of the induction kinetics of these patches and carcinomas in genetically modified mice with various defects in nucleotide excision repair (NER), i.e. xeroderma pigmentosum A (Xpa), Xpc and Cockayne syndrome B (Csb) and wild-type mice. In this aforementioned order, the mouse strains developed both p53 patches and carcinomas in the course of daily exposure to 40 J/m(2) UV. Hence, the order in which the NER-deficient mice developed patches was predictive of the order in which they developed tumours. The induction kinetics of the patches in Xpc-deficient mice differed notably from the others: there was a stationary phase (days 13-41) where the numbers were limited to 5-10 patches per mouse before an explosive increase which ran parallel to the other groups. The chance that a p53 patch progresses to carcinoma is relatively small (estimated at 1 out of 8300-40,000/individual when the first tumour appears), but our results are strongly indicative of a causal relationship between p53 patches and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggert Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Falcke H, Apel WD, Badea AF, Bähren L, Bekk K, Bercuci A, Bertaina M, Biermann PL, Blümer J, Bozdog H, Brancus IM, Buitink S, Brüggemann M, Buchholz P, Butcher H, Chiavassa A, Daumiller K, de Bruyn AG, de Vos CM, Di Pierro F, Doll P, Engel R, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Glasstetter R, Grupen C, Haungs A, Heck D, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Huege T, Kampert KH, Kant GW, Klein U, Kolotaev Y, Koopman Y, Krömer O, Kuijpers J, Lafebre S, Maier G, Mathes HJ, Mayer HJ, Milke J, Mitrica B, Morello C, Navarra G, Nehls S, Nigl A, Obenland R, Oehlschläger J, Ostapchenko S, Over S, Pepping HJ, Petcu M, Petrovic J, Plewnia S, Rebel H, Risse A, Roth M, Schieler H, Schoonderbeek G, Sima O, Stümpert M, Toma G, Trinchero GC, Ulrich H, Valchierotti S, van Buren J, van Cappellen W, Walkowiak W, Weindl A, Wijnholds S, Wochele J, Zabierowski J, Zensus JA, Zimmermann D. Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers. Nature 2005; 435:313-6. [PMID: 15902250 DOI: 10.1038/nature03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies >10(20) eV remains a mystery. They are likely to be of extragalactic origin, but should be absorbed within approximately 50 Mpc through interactions with the cosmic microwave background. As there are no sufficiently powerful accelerators within this distance from the Galaxy, explanations for UHECRs range from unusual astrophysical sources to exotic string physics. Also unclear is whether UHECRs consist of protons, heavy nuclei, neutrinos or gamma-rays. To resolve these questions, larger detectors with higher duty cycles and which combine multiple detection techniques are needed. Radio emission from UHECRs, on the other hand, is unaffected by attenuation, has a high duty cycle, gives calorimetric measurements and provides high directional accuracy. Here we report the detection of radio flashes from cosmic-ray air showers using low-cost digital radio receivers. We show that the radiation can be understood in terms of the geosynchrotron effect. Our results show that it should be possible to determine the nature and composition of UHECRs with combined radio and particle detectors, and to detect the ultrahigh-energy neutrinos expected from flavour mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Falcke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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van Oosten M, Stout GJ, Backendorf C, Rebel H, de Wind N, Darroudi F, van Kranen HJ, de Gruijl FR, Mullenders LH. Mismatch repair protein Msh2 contributes to UVB-induced cell cycle arrest in epidermal and cultured mouse keratinocytes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2005; 4:81-9. [PMID: 15533840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER), cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are major defence mechanisms against the carcinogenic effects of UVB radiation. NER eliminates UVB-induced DNA photolesions via two subpathways: global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). In a previous study, we found UVB-induced accumulation of tetraploid (4N) keratinocytes in the epidermis of Xpc(-/-) mice (no GGR), but not in Xpa(-/-) (no TCR and no GGR) or in wild-type (WT) mice. We inferred that this arrest in Xpc(-/-) mice is caused by erroneous replication past photolesions, leading to 'compound lesions' known to be recognised by mismatch repair (MMR). MMR-induced futile cycles of breakage and resynthesis at sites of compound lesions may then sustain a cell cycle arrest. The present experiments with Xpc(-/-)Msh2(-/-) mice and derived keratinocytes show that the MMR protein Msh2 indeed plays a role in the generation of the UVB-induced arrested cells: a Msh2-deficiency lowered significantly the percentage of arrested cells in vivo (40-50%) and in vitro (30-40%). Analysis of calyculin A (CA)-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) of cultured Xpc(-/-) keratinocytes showed that the delayed arrest occurred in late S phase rather than in G(2)-phase. Taken together, the results indicate that in mouse epidermis and cultured keratinocytes, the MMR protein Msh2 plays a role in the UVB-induced S-phase arrest. This indicates that MMR plays a role in the UVB-induced S-phase arrest. Alternatively, Msh2 may have a more direct signalling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke van Oosten
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jans J, Schul W, Sert YG, Rijksen Y, Rebel H, Eker APM, Nakajima S, van Steeg H, de Gruijl FR, Yasui A, Hoeijmakers JHJ, van der Horst GTJ. Powerful skin cancer protection by a CPD-photolyase transgene. Curr Biol 2005; 15:105-15. [PMID: 15668165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high and steadily increasing incidence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced skin cancer is a problem recognized worldwide. UV introduces different types of damage into the DNA, notably cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs). If unrepaired, these photolesions can give rise to cell death, mutation induction, and onset of carcinogenic events, but the relative contribution of CPDs and 6-4PPs to these biological consequences of UV exposure is hardly known. Because placental mammals have undergone an evolutionary loss of photolyases, repair enzymes that directly split CPDs and 6-4PPs into the respective monomers in a light-dependent and lesion-specific manner, they can only repair UV-induced DNA damage by the elaborate nucleotide excision repair pathway. RESULTS To assess the relative contribution of CPDs and 6-4PPs to the detrimental effects of UV light, we generated transgenic mice that ubiquitously express CPD-photolyase, 6-4PP-photolyase, or both, thereby allowing rapid light-dependent repair of CPDs and/or 6-4PPs in the skin. We show that the vast majority of (semi)acute responses in the UV-exposed skin (i.e., sunburn, apoptosis, hyperplasia, and mutation induction) can be ascribed to CPDs. Moreover, CPD-photolyase mice, in contrast to 6-4PP-photolyase mice, exhibit superior resistance to sunlight-induced tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data unequivocally identify CPDs as the principal cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer and provide genetic evidence that CPD-photolyase enzymes can be employed as effective tools to combat skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Jans
- Department of Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Post Office Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van Schanke A, Jongsma MJ, Bisschop R, van Venrooij GMCAL, Rebel H, de Gruijl FR. Single UVB overexposure stimulates melanocyte proliferation in murine skin, in contrast to fractionated or UVA-1 exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:241-7. [PMID: 15654980 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to short- and long-wave ultraviolet radiations (UVB, UVA) may contribute to melanoma development through combined genotoxic and mitogenic effects in melanocytes. This study compares the impact of UVA-1 versus UVB, and single versus fractionated exposures on melanocyte proliferation in hairless SKH-2 mice. A single erythemal dose was compared with an equal dose fractionated over 8 d, and dose-dependency was studied. Proliferation (Ki-67 positive-sign) in melanocytes (melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells-1 positive or micropthalmia transcription factor positive) was ascertained in double-labeled skin sections. Single erythemal UVB exposures caused a delayed, dose-dependent increase of melanocyte proliferation. The highest, 17-fold, increase (from 0.05% to 0.8% of melanocytes) occurred 4 d after UVB exposure, without any detectable effect on overall melanocyte numbers. Correspondingly, DNA repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum A (Xpa) mice proved exquisitely sensitive to melanocyte proliferation induction by UVB exposure. No discernable effects were measured from fractionated suberythemal UVB exposures, or from any UVA-1 exposure regimen. Hence, melanocyte proliferation appears to be most efficiently induced by a single UVB overexposure. Moreover, the ineffectiveness of UVA-1 radiation and the enhanced sensitivity of Xpa mice point at pyrimidine dimers as causative DNA lesions. Consequently, murine nevi and melanoma are expected to be most effectively induced by intermittent UVB overexposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne van Schanke
- Dermatology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rebel H, van Steeg H, Beems RB, Schouten R, de Gruijl FR, Terleth C. Suppression of UV carcinogenesis by difluoromethylornithine in nucleotide excision repair-deficient Xpa knockout mice. Cancer Res 2002; 62:1338-42. [PMID: 11888902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients are deficient in nucleotide excision repair (NER) because of mutations in one of the genes coding for NER enzymes. This results predominantly in high frequency of UV-induced skin tumors at an early age; the most severe phenotype is found in patients of complementation group A (XPA). However, in a subset of these XPA patients no skin tumors appear, even at advanced age. Fibroblasts of this subset of patients are not capable of raising UV-induced enhanced reactivation (ER) of viruses and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We hypothesized that prevention of ODC induction would protect NER-deficient patients from cancer. To simulate the situation in XPA patients, we used a hairless Xpa knockout mouse model and down-regulated the ODC activity by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered in the drinking water. The DFMO treatment significantly suppressed UV-induced carcinogenesis. In a crossover study, we additionally found that discontinuation of the DFMO treatment resulted in a rapid appearance of skin tumors, up to levels found in mice not treated with DFMO. Late-stage DFMO treatment significantly reduced the number of carcinomas by a factor of 2-3, and it appeared to select for carcinomas with high ODC activity. These results indicate that DFMO suppresses the outgrowth but not the initiation of UV-induced tumors. The DFMO treatment reduced the tumor load but did not offer the Xpa knockout mice full protection against UV carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggert Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Sylvius Laboratory, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rebel H, Mosnier LO, Berg RJ, Westerman-de Vries A, van Steeg H, van Kranen HJ, de Gruijl FR. Early p53-positive foci as indicators of tumor risk in ultraviolet-exposed hairless mice: kinetics of induction, effects of DNA repair deficiency, and p53 heterozygosity. Cancer Res 2001; 61:977-83. [PMID: 11221893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
p53 mutations appear to be early events in skin carcinogenesis induced by chronic UVB irradiation. Clusters of epidermal cells that express p53 in mutant conformation ("p53 positive foci") are easily detected by immunohistochemical staining long before the appearance of skin carcinomas or their precursor lesions. In a hairless mouse model, we determined the dose-time dependency of the induction of these p53+ foci and investigated the relationship with the induction of skin carcinomas. The density of p53+ foci may be a good direct indicator of tumor risk. Hairless SKH1 mice were exposed to either of two regimens of daily UVB (500 or 250 J/m2 broadband UV from Philips TL12 lamps; 54% UVB 280-315 nm). With the high-dose regimen, the average number of p53+ foci in a dorsal skin area (7.2 cm2) increased rapidly from 9.0 +/- 2.1 (SE) at 15 days to 470 +/- 80 (SE) at 40 days. At half that daily dose, the induction of p53+ foci was slower by a factor of 1.49 +/- 0.15, very similar to a previously observed slower induction of squamous cell carcinomas by a factor of 1.54 +/- 0.02. In a double-log plot of the average number of p53 + foci versus time, the curves for the two exposure regimens ran parallel (slope, 3.7 +/- 0.7), similar to the curves for the number of tumors versus time (slope, 6.9 +/- 0.8). The difference in slopes (3.7 versus 6.9) is in line with the contention that more rate-limiting steps are needed to develop a tumor than a p53+ focus. By the time the first tumors appear (around 7-8 weeks with the high daily dose), the dorsal skin contains >100 p53+ foci/cm2. To further validate the density of p53+ foci as a direct measure of tumor risk, we carried out experiments with transgenic mice with an enhanced susceptibility to UV carcinogenesis, homozygous Xpa knockout mice (deficient in nucleotide excision repair) and heterozygousp53 knockout mice (i.a. partially deficient in apoptosis). In both of these cancer-prone strains, the p53+ foci were induced at markedly increased rates, corresponding to increased rates of carcinoma formation. Therefore, the frequency of p53+ foci appears to correlate well with UVB-induced tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrectht, The Netherlands
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van Oosten M, Rebel H, Friedberg EC, van Steeg H, van der Horst GT, van Kranen HJ, Westerman A, van Zeeland AA, Mullenders LH, de Gruijl FR. Differential role of transcription-coupled repair in UVB-induced G2 arrest and apoptosis in mouse epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11268-73. [PMID: 11005836 PMCID: PMC17189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200226697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER), apoptosis, and cell-cycle regulation are major defense mechanisms against the carcinogenic effects of UVB light. NER eliminates UVB-induced DNA photolesions via two subpathways: global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Defects in NER result in the human disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS), displaying severe UV sensitivity and in the case of XP, cancer proneness. We investigated the impact of deficiencies in NER subpathways on apoptosis, hyperplasia, and cell cycle progression in the epidermis of UVB-exposed CS group B (Csb(-/-)) mice (no TCR), XP group C (Xpc(-/-)) mice (no GGR), and XP group A (Xpa(-/-)) mice (no TCR and no GGR). On UVB treatment (250 J/m(2)), Xpa(-/-) and Csb(-/-) mice revealed an extensive apoptotic response in the skin, a blockage of cell cycle progression of epidermal cells, and strong hyperplasia. Interestingly, the absence of this apoptotic response in the skin of wild-type and Xpc(-/-) mice coincided with the ability of epidermal cells to enter the S phase. However, only epidermal cells of Xpc(-/-) mice subsequently became arrested in the G(2) phase. Our data demonstrate that TCR (and/or restoration of UVB-inhibited transcription) enables damaged cells to progress through S phase and prevents the induction of apoptosis and hyperplasia. G(2) arrest is manifest only under conditions of proficient TCR in combination with deficient GGR, indicating that epidermal cells become arrested in the G(2) phase as a result of persisting damage in their genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Oosten
- Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis MGC, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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Berg RJ, Rebel H, van der Horst GT, van Kranen HJ, Mullenders LH, van Vloten WA, de Gruijl FR. Impact of global genome repair versus transcription-coupled repair on ultraviolet carcinogenesis in hairless mice. Cancer Res 2000; 60:2858-63. [PMID: 10850428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is comprised of two subpathways, i.e., transcription-coupled repair (TCR) and global genome repair (GGR). To establish the relative importance of TCR and GGR for UV effects on the skin, we have used hairless knockout mouse strain lacking either TCR (CSB -/-) or GGR (XPC -/-). In single exposure experiments, we found that CSB -/- mice have a 7-16 times higher susceptibility to sunburn than XPC -/- mice and than heterozygous (+/-) and wild-type (+/+) controls. Exposure to 80 J/m2 UV radiation (i.e., suberythemogenic in CSB -/-) on 10 consecutive days gives rise to epidermal hyperplasia in CSB -/- and XPC -/-, whereas repair-proficient controls do not show epidermal hyperplasia from these exposures. In addition, CSB -/- mice develop marked parakeratosis, whereas XPC -/- mice and controls do not. Under continued exposure to this daily dose, squamous cell carcinomas appear in CSB -/-, XPC -/-, and in the control groups, whereas only in the CSB -/- animals is a fairly high number of benign papillomas also found. The median latency time of squamous cell carcinomas (diameters > or = 1 mm) is 84 days for the XPC -/- mice, 115 days for the CSB -/- mice, and 234-238 days for the heterozygous and wild-type control groups. These results indicate that GGR is more important than TCR in protection against UV-induced carcinomas of the skin but not against other UV effects such as sunburn, epidermal thickening, scaling of the stratum corneum, and development of papillomas. These results also indicate that GGR capacity may serve as a better predictor for skin cancer susceptibility than sensitivity to sunburn. The relative cancer susceptibilities of GGR- and TCR-deficient skin could well depend on the balance between an increased mutation rate and the presence (in CSB -/-) or lack (in XPC -/-) of a compensatory apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Berg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Faust H, Hanser A, Klewe-Nebenius H, Rebel H, Buschmann J, Gils HJ. Experimental studies of hexadecapole motion in spherical nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4616/4/2/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thompson RC, Anselment M, Bekk K, Goring S, Hanser A, Meisel G, Rebel H, Schatz G, Brown BA. High-resolution measurements of isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in stable and radioactive lead isotopes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4616/9/4/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Rannot R, Bhat C, Sapru M, Razdan A, Gandhi V, Thouw T, Rebel H, Heck D. Potential of TACTIC for cosmic ray mass composition investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(96)00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vulpescu B, Wentz J, Brancus I, Rebel H, Badea A, Bozdog H, Duma M, Haungs A, Mathes H, Petcu M. Measurements of the μ+/μ− ratio of cosmic rays muons with a compact detector device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(96)00881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Frijhoff AF, Rebel H, Mientjes EJ, Kelders MC, Steenwinkel MJ, Baan RA, van Zeeland AA, Roza L. UVB-induced mutagenesis in hairless lambda lacZ-transgenic mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 1997; 29:136-142. [PMID: 9118965 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:2<136::aid-em4>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UVB-induced mutagenesis was studied in hairless 40.6 transgenic mice (MutaMouse), which contain the lambda gt10lacZ shuttle vector as a target for mutagenesis. Mice were exposed at the dorsal side to either single doses of 200, 500, 800, or 1000 J/m2 UVB or to two successive irradiations of either 200 and 800 J/m2 UVB, with intervals of 1, 3, or 5 days, or to 800 and 200 J/m2 UVB with a 5-day interval. At 23 days after the last exposure, lacZ mutant frequencies (MF) were determined in the epidermis. The lacZ MF increased linearly with increasing dose of UVB. The mutagenic effect of two successive irradiations appeared to be additive. The UV-induced mutation spectrum was dominated by G:C --> A:T transitions at dipyrimidine sites. DNA-sequence analysis of spontaneously mutated phages showed a diverse spectrum consisting of insertions, deletions and G:C --> A:T transitions at CpG sites. The results indicate that the hairless lambda lacZ-transgenic mouse is a suitable in vivo model for studying UVB-induced mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Frijhoff
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Zeist, The Netherlands
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Dennert H, Aschenauer E, Eyrich W, Lehmann A, Moosburger M, Scholz N, Wirth H, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S. Excitation of giant monopole resonance in 24Mg using 6Li scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:3195-3200. [PMID: 9970866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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Kanungo R, Lahiri M, Samanta C, Rebel H. Continuum-continuum coupling with discretized6Li??+d breakup continuum data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01292779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Aschenauer E, Dennert H, Eyrich W, Lehmann A, Moosburger M, Wirth H, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S. (6Li,6He) measurements as an alternative calibration for solar neutrino detectors. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 44:2771-2775. [PMID: 9967712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Kiener J, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S, Gsottschneider G, Heide N, Jelitto H, Wentz J, Baur G. Measurements of the Coulomb dissociation cross section of 156 MeV 6Li projectiles at extremely low relative fragment energies of astrophysical interest. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 44:2195-2208. [PMID: 9967640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Kowalewska D, Bekk K, Göring S, Hanser A, Kälber W, Meisel G, Rebel H. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in polonium isotopes by atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:R1442-R1445. [PMID: 9906202 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.r1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Brncus IM, Rebel H, Wentz J, Corcalciuc V. Extended sum-rule model view of light and intermediate mass fragment emission in nuclear reactions at intermediate energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:2157-2162. [PMID: 9966963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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41
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Moosburger M, Aschenauer E, Dennert H, Eyrich W, Lehmann A, Rudeloff R, Schlösser H, Wirth H, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S. (6Li,6He) reaction and Gamow-Teller beta decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 41:2925-2928. [PMID: 9966675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.41.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Wirth H, Aschenauer E, Eyrich W, Lehmann A, Moosburger M, Schlösser H, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S. Investigation of spin-isospin strength in 48Ca-->48Sc and 90Zr-->90Nb using the (6Li,6He) reaction. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 41:2698-2701. [PMID: 9966651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.41.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Heide N, Srivastava DK, Rebel H. Interference and off-shell effects of fragment scattering in elastic breakup of light ions. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 63:601-604. [PMID: 10041124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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44
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Srivastava DK, Basu DN, Rebel H. Features of direct and sequential Coulomb breakup of 6Li ions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 38:2148-2156. [PMID: 9955037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.38.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Eyrich W, Hofmann A, Lehmann A, Mühldorfer B, Schlösser H, Wirth H, Gils HJ, Rebel H, Zagromski S. E0 strength in 12C from 6Li scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1987; 36:416-419. [PMID: 9954085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.36.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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46
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Anselment M, Bekk K, Hanser A, Hoeffgen H, Meisel G, Göring S, Rebel H, Schatz G. Charge radii and moments of tin nuclei by laser spectroscopy. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 34:1052-1059. [PMID: 9953548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.34.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Srivastava DK, Rebel H. Alternative formulation of post-form distorted-wave Born approximation theory of nuclear breakup. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 33:1221-1223. [PMID: 9953264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.33.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Sakuragi Y, Kamimura M, Micek S, Rebel H, Gils HJ. 6Li break-up effect on elastic and inelastic scattering of6Li +6Li at 156 MeV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01415144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fuchs K, Eyrich W, Hofmann A, Mühldorfer B, Scheib U, Schlösser H, Rebel H. Neutron decay of the isoscalar giant resonance region in 90Zr. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 32:418-424. [PMID: 9952855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.32.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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