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Aubert J, Bertino B, Blanchét-Rethore S, Carlavan I, Deret S, Dréno B, Luzy A, Mounier C, Pascau J, Pelisson I, Portal T, Rivier M, Rosso P, Thoreau E, Vial E, Voegel J. LB1569 Non-clinical and human pharmacology of the potent and selective topical RARγ agonist trifarotene. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carlavan I, Bertino B, Rivier M, Martel P, Bourdes V, Motte M, Déret S, Reiniche P, Menigot C, Khammari A, Dreno B, Fogel P, Voegel JJ. Atrophic scar formation in patients with acne involves long-acting immune responses with plasma cells and alteration of sebaceous glands. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:906-917. [PMID: 29663317 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possible outcomes of acne lesions are atrophic scars, which may cause serious psychological distress. Current treatments for postacne scarring often require invasive procedures. Pathophysiological studies on acne scarring have only investigated the first week of papule life. OBJECTIVES To study the pathophysiology of atrophic scar formation to identify molecular and cellular pathways that can lead to new therapies for the prevention of acne scarring. METHODS Large-scale gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed on uninvolved skin and papules in both scar-prone (SP) and non-scar-prone (NSP) patients with acne, at different time points. RESULTS Gene expression and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a very similar immune response in 48-h-old papules in SP and NSP populations, characterized by elevated numbers of T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. However, the immune response only persisted in SP patients in 3-week-old papules, and was characterized by an important B-cell infiltrate. Transient downmodulation of sebaceous gland markers related to lipid metabolism was observed in 48-h-old papules in NSP patients, followed by normalization after 3 weeks. In contrast, in SP patients a drastic reduction of these markers persisted in 3-week-old papules, suggesting an irreversible destruction of sebaceous gland structures after inflammatory remodelling in SP patients with acne. CONCLUSIONS Long-lived acne papules are characterized by a B-cell infiltrate. A relationship exists between the duration and severity of inflammation and the alteration of sebaceous gland structures, leading to atrophic scar formation in acne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Khammari
- Onco-dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Dreno
- Onco-dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P Fogel
- 132 Rue d'Assas, 75006, Paris, France
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Aubert J, Piwnica D, Bertino B, Blanchet-Réthoré S, Carlavan I, Déret S, Dreno B, Gamboa B, Jomard A, Luzy AP, Mauvais P, Mounier C, Pascau J, Pelisson I, Portal T, Rivier M, Rossio P, Thoreau E, Vial E, Voegel JJ. Nonclinical and human pharmacology of the potent and selective topical retinoic acid receptor-γ agonist trifarotene. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:442-456. [PMID: 29974453 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First- and third-generation retinoids are the main treatment for acne. Even though efficacious, they lack full selectivity for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ, expressed in the epidermis and infundibulum. OBJECTIVES To characterize the in vitro metabolism and the pharmacology of the novel retinoid trifarotene. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro assays determined efficacy, potency and selectivity on RARs, as well as the activity on the expression of retinoid target genes in human keratinocytes and ex vivo cultured skin. In vivo studies investigated topical comedolytic, anti-inflammatory and depigmenting properties. The trifarotene-induced gene expression profile was investigated in nonlesional skin of patients with acne and compared with ex vivo and in vivo models. Finally, the metabolic stability in human keratinocytes and hepatic microsomes was established. RESULTS Trifarotene is a selective RARγ agonist with > 20-fold selectivity over RARα and RARβ. Trifarotene is active and stable in keratinocytes but rapidly metabolized by human hepatic microsomes, predicting improved safety. In vivo, trifarotene 0·01% applied topically is highly comedolytic and has anti-inflammatory and antipigmenting properties. Gene expression studies indicated potent activation of known retinoid-modulated processes (epidermal differentiation, proliferation, stress response, retinoic acid metabolism) and novel pathways (proteolysis, transport/skin hydration, cell adhesion) in ex vivo and in vivo models, as well as in human skin after 4 weeks of topical application of trifarotene 0·005% cream. CONCLUSIONS Based on its RARγ selectivity, rapid degradation in human hepatic microsomes and pharmacological properties including potent modulation of epidermal processes, topical treatment with trifarotene could result in good efficacy and may present a favourable safety profile in acne and ichthyotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubert
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - D Piwnica
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - B Bertino
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - S Blanchet-Réthoré
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - I Carlavan
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - S Déret
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - B Dreno
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- CIC, Inserm U892-CNRS 6299, Nantes, France
| | - B Gamboa
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - A Jomard
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - A P Luzy
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - P Mauvais
- Pharma & Life Sciences Xpert, Antibes, France
| | - C Mounier
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - J Pascau
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - I Pelisson
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - T Portal
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - M Rivier
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - P Rossio
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - E Thoreau
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - E Vial
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
| | - J J Voegel
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 Route des Colles, 06410, Biot, France
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Martin B, Bernardon JM, Cavey MT, Bernard B, Carlavan I, Charpentier B, Pilgrim WR, Shroot B, Reichert U. Selective synthetic ligands for human nuclear retinoic acid receptors. Skin Pharmacol 1992; 5:57-65. [PMID: 1315557 DOI: 10.1159/000211018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From a series of naphthalene and benzoic acid derivatives we have identified synthetic retinoic acid analogues exhibiting high selectivity for the nuclear retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha (Am 580), RAR beta (CD 2019) and RAR gamma (CD 437) as well as ligands sharing high affinities for all RAR subtypes (CD 367). The compounds were evaluated in two complementary screening systems: (1) binding to nuclear proteins extracted from COS-7 cells after transfection with the appropriate expression vectors, and (2) induction of plasminogen activator in the embryonic mouse teratocarcinoma cell line F9. All compounds behaved as retinoic acid agonists in the F9 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Martin
- Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques Galderma, CIRD, Valbonne, France
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