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Neumann I, Andreatta M, Pauli P, Käthner I. Social support of virtual characters reduces pain perception. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:806-820. [PMID: 38088523 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors, such as social support, can reduce pain. Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful tool to decrease pain, but social factors in VR-based pain analgesia have rarely been studied. Specifically, it is unclear whether social support by virtual characters can reduce pain and whether the perceived control behind virtual characters (agency) and varying degrees of social cues impact pain perception. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 97) received heat pain stimulation while undergoing four within-subject conditions in immersive VR: (1) virtual character with a low number of social cues (virtual figure) provided verbal support, (2) virtual character with a high number of social cues (virtual human) provided verbal support, (3) no social support (hearing neutral words), (4) no social support. Perceived agency of the virtual characters served as between-subjects factor. Participants in the avatar group were led to believe that another participant controlled the virtual characters. Participants in the agent group were told they interacted with a computer. However, in both conditions, virtual characters were computer-controlled. Pain ratings, psychophysiological measurements and presence ratings were recorded. RESULTS Virtual social support decreased pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings but had no impact on electrodermal activity nor heart rate. A virtual character with a high number of social cues led to lower pain unpleasantness and higher feelings of presence. Agency had no significant impact. CONCLUSIONS Virtual characters providing social support can reduce pain independent of perceived agency. A more human visual appearance can have beneficial effects on social pain modulation by virtual characters. SIGNIFICANCE Social influences are important factors in pain modulation. The current study demonstrated analgesic effects through verbal support provided by virtual characters and investigated modulating factors. A more human appearance of a virtual character resulted in a higher reduction of pain unpleasantness. Importantly, agency of the virtual characters had no impact. Given the increasing use of digital health interventions, the findings suggest a positive impact of virtual characters for digital pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Andreatta
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Pauli
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Center of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Käthner
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Finzi E, Schulze J, Neumann I, Magid M, Sinke C, Wollmer MA, Krüger THC. Reply to: "Letter to the Editor: Claims about the effects of botulinum toxin on depression should raise some eyebrows". J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:553-554. [PMID: 34103151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Finzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington School of Medicine, 2120 L Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - J Schulze
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - I Neumann
- Asklepios Clinic North - Ochsenzoll, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Langenhorner Chaussee 560, 22419, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Magid
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0600, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - C Sinke
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M A Wollmer
- Asklepios Clinic North - Ochsenzoll, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Langenhorner Chaussee 560, 22419, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T H C Krüger
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Roth M, Daas L, MacKenzie CR, Balasiu A, Stachon T, Neumann I, Steindor F, Seitz B, Geerling G. Development and Assessment of a Simulator for in Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Fungal and Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1484-1489. [PMID: 32434387 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1772830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows morphological analysis as a diagnostic approach of the cornea in real time, thus providing a suspected diagnosis of fungal or amoebic keratitis immediately, whereas culture or PCR require several days or even weeks. Since these infections are rare, it is difficult for ophthalmologists to gain the experience necessary to differentiate infection from normal findings or artefacts. The purpose of this project was to establish a simulator, on which physicians could practice as well as acquiring a database of IVCM images of fungal or amoebic keratitis and respective analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS An IVCM simulator was set up with cadaver human corneas, infected with either acanthamoeba, candida or aspergillus. Twenty-one ophthalmologists were trained in IVC microscopy first in a Dry Lab, then practically on the simulator. For evaluation, the participants were asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire, with a pre- and post-course self-assessment. RESULTS The self-assessed theoretical and practical skills in differentiating infectious from non-infectious keratitis in IVCM significantly increased (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, respectively). The barrier to use this technique decreased (p = 0.0474). CONCLUSION A very simple protocol based on a model of ex vivo corneal mycotic and amoebic infections can be used to train novices in the structured approach and diagnostic use of IVCM for corneal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L Daas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center UKS , Homburg, Germany
| | - C R MacKenzie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Balasiu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Stachon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center UKS , Homburg, Germany
| | - I Neumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Steindor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center UKS , Homburg, Germany
| | - G Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schandelmaier S, Conen K, von Elm E, You JJ, Blümle A, Tomonaga Y, Saccilotto R, Amstutz A, Bengough T, Meerpohl JJ, Stegert M, Olu KK, Tikkinen KAO, Neumann I, Carrasco-Labra A, Faulhaber M, Mulla SM, Mertz D, Akl EA, Sun X, Bassler D, Busse JW, Ferreira-González I, Lamontagne F, Nordmann A, Gloy V, Raatz H, Moja L, Rosenthal R, Ebrahim S, Vandvik PO, Johnston BC, Walter MA, Burnand B, Schwenkglenks M, Hemkens LG, Bucher HC, Guyatt GH, Briel M, Kasenda B. Planning and reporting of quality-of-life outcomes in cancer trials. Ann Oncol 2015; 27:209. [PMID: 26612098 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Schandelmaier
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland Academy of Swiss Insurance Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Conen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - E von Elm
- Cochrane Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J J You
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A Blümle
- German Cochrane Centre, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Tomonaga
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Saccilotto
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Amstutz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Bengough
- Department of Health and Society, Austrian Federal Institute for Health Care, Vienna, Austria
| | - J J Meerpohl
- German Cochrane Centre, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Stegert
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - K K Olu
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - K A O Tikkinen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Departments of Urology and Public Health, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Neumann
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Carrasco-Labra
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Evidence-Based Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Faulhaber
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S M Mulla
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Mertz
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - E A Akl
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - X Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Bassler
- Department of Neonatolgy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J W Busse
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - I Ferreira-González
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lamontagne
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - A Nordmann
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Gloy
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Raatz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Moja
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - R Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Ebrahim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - P O Vandvik
- Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik, Oppland, Norway
| | - B C Johnston
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M A Walter
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Burnand
- Cochrane Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Schwenkglenks
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L G Hemkens
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - H C Bucher
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - G H Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Briel
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Kasenda
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Rojas L, Neumann I, Herrero MJ, Bosó V, Reig J, Poveda JL, Megías J, Bea S, Aliño SF. Effect of CYP3A5*3 on kidney transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacogenomics J 2014; 15:38-48. [PMID: 25201288 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly variable pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus can hamper the optimal management of kidney transplant patients. This variability has been attributed to the genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 6986A>G, but the evidence is not clear. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of CYP3A5 polymorphism on kidney transplant recipients with tacrolimus plasma concentration divided by daily dose per body weight (C/D) and clinical outcomes. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE. We found evidence suggesting a significantly lower C/D among CYP3A5*1 allele carriers compared with carriers of the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype at weeks 1 and 2, and months 1, 3, 6 and 12. We demonstrated that the expresser genotype might have higher risk of acute rejection and chronic nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, CYP3A5 6986A>G polymorphism can affect tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and the incidence of acute rejection and chronic nephrotoxicity on kidney transplant recipients. Patients at high risk of developing tacrolimus-related complications could be detected even before their kidney transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rojas
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile [2] Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Neumann
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile [2] Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M José Herrero
- Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Bosó
- Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Reig
- Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Luis Poveda
- Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Megías
- Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Bea
- Nephrology Department, Kidney transplant Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - S F Aliño
- 1] Pharmacogenetic Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic, La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain [2] Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Clinical Area, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain [3] Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Agoritsas T, Brandt L, Heen AA, Kristiansen A, Alonso-Coello P, Akl E, Neumann I, Tikkinen K, Montor V, Guyatt G, Vandvik P. 051 Can We Automatically Produce Generic Decision Aids for the Clinical Encounter Directly from GRADE Guideline Recommendations? Experience from the Share-It Project. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Elias P, Norris S, Brito J, Stoltzfus R, Bero L, Djulbegovic B, Neumann I, Montiori V, Guyatt G. 075 The Use of GRADE Methods in the World Health Organization (Who) Public Health Guidelines (PHG): Distribution of Strength of Recommendations and Confidence in Estimates of Effect. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Neumann I, Karl R, Rajpal A, Akl E, Guyatt G. P084 Experiences With The Novel Policy For Managing Conflicts Of Interest Implemented In The 9th Edition Of The American College Of Chest Physicians Antithrombotic Guidelines (At9). BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Akl E, Johnston B, Alonso-Coello P, Neumann I, Ebrahim S, Briel M, Cook D, Guyatt G. 057 Handling Trial Participants with Missing Data in Meta-Analyses Of Dichotomous Outcomes: Guidance for Systematic Reviewers. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rigau D, Neumann I, Sanabria A, Kristiansen A, Brandt L, Vandvik P, Alonso-Coello P. 077 Development of an Evidence to Recommendation Table for Guideline Users. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bertsias G, Tektonidou M, Amoura Z, Aringer M, Bajema I, Berden J, Boletis J, Cervera R, Dörner T, Doria A, Ferrario F, Flöge J, Houssiau F, Ioannidis J, Isenberg D, Kallenberg C, Lightstone L, Marks S, Martini A, Moroni G, Neumann I, Niaudet P, Praga M, Schneider M, Tesar V, Vasconcelos C, van Vollenhoven R, Zakharova E, Haubitz M, Gordon C, Jayne D, Boumpas D. OP0064 Joint EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of adult and pediatric lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lopes LC, Spencer FA, Neumann I, Ventresca M, Ebrahim S, Zhou Q, Bhatnaga N, Schulman S, Eikelboom J, Guyatt G. Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Vitamin K Antagonists: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:367-75. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Litscher G, Neumann I. Akustisch evozierte Potentiale mittlerer Latenz: Interindividuelle Variabilität. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mirzaei S, Gelpi E, Booij J, Rodrigues M, Neumann I, Zaknun J, Koehn H, Knoll P. New approaches in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2005; 1:219-29. [PMID: 15975069 DOI: 10.2174/1567205043332135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common cause of it, is a major and growing medical and social problem, particularly in the advanced age, with the highest rate in the population over 75 y. Recent sophisticated therapeutic measures require more sensitive diagnostic tests to recognize early stages of the disease. In this paper, the current neuronuclear imaging literature is reviewed with regard to early and differential diagnosis of dementia. Functional imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) could provide the clinician with additional information complementary to morphological assessments, thus contributing to achieve a more adequate diagnosis, and also with information regarding prodromal stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mirzaei
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
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Marinaki S, Neumann I, Kälsch AI, Grimminger P, Breedijk A, Birck R, Schmitt W, Waldherr R, Yard BA, Van Der Woude FJ. Abnormalities of CD4 T cell subpopulations in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:181-91. [PMID: 15762890 PMCID: PMC1809336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), CD25 expression is increased on circulating T cells. Although in animal experiments the role of CD4(+) CD25(+) T-regulatory-cells (T(reg)) in protection against autoimmunity is well established, the role of these cells in AAV is unknown. To investigate the hypothesis that an increased expression of CD25 on T cells is related to persistent T cell activation and not to disturbances in T(reg) cells in AAV (34 patients, six of them after renal transplantation), we investigated CD25 expression in different subpopulations of CD4(+) cells and FOXP3 mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion after stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and intracellular cytokine production after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-ionomycin was determined. Controls were non-vasculitic renal transplant patients (n = 9) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 13). In AAV the total number of lymphocytes, CD4(+) lymphocytes and the percentage of naive T cells are lower than in HC and RTX. An increased percentage of CD25(+) cells was found in AAV and AAV/RTX, irrespective of disease activity, but not in HC or RTX. This was confined to the naive (CD4(+) CD45RB(high)) population only. FOXP3 mRNA expression in CD4(+) T cells did not differ between AAV patients and healthy controls. In vitro T cell proliferation was enhanced in AAV patients compared to HC (P < 0.01). PBMC of AAV patients produced significantly less interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma after anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. The percentage of IL-10 and IL-12, but not IFN-gamma, IL-4 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-producing cells was significantly higher in patients compared to HC. These findings were confined to the memory population of CD4(+) cells. We conclude that AAV patients are lymphopenic and have low numbers of CD4(+) T cells, which seem to be in a persistent state of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marinaki
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Ditzen B, Bodenmann G, Neumann I, Ehlert U, Heinrichs M. Berührung reduziert die Cortisol- und Herzratenantwort auf Stress-Eine biopsychologische Untersuchung zu gesundheitsfördernden Effekten der Paarinteraktion. Psychother Psych Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gandjour A, Neumann I, Lauterbach KW. Appropriateness of Invasive Cardiovascular Interventions in German Hospitals (2000 - 2001): An Evaluation Using the RAND Appropriateness Criteria. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 52:365-71. [PMID: 15573278 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Germany has the highest per capita rate of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCAs) in Europe and the third highest per capita rate of heart surgeries requiring a heart-lung machine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of PTCA, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in German hospitals using RAND appropriateness criteria. METHODS A retrospective study in 121 randomly selected German hospitals (52 % of all hospitals contacted) was performed from December 2000 to August 2001. A total of 361 patients were enrolled providing information on the appropriateness of 128 PTCAs, 92 CABGs, and 141 CEAs. RESULTS Inappropriateness rates were 2 % (95 % CI 0 - 5 %), 4 % (95 % CI 1 - 9 %), and 3 % (95 % CI 1 - 7 %) for PTCA, CABG, and CEA, respectively. The overall rate of uncertain procedures was 42 % (95 % CI 36 - 47 %). Only 38 % (95 % CI 32 - 45 %) of patients who received a coronary intervention had had a pre-interventional stress test. CONCLUSIONS The study yielded little overt overuse in the performance of PTCAs, CABGs, and CEAs, but potentially large underuse of stress tests. Despite a high per capita rate of invasive cardiovascular interventions in Germany, the rate of inappropriate procedures was not larger than in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gandjour
- Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Neumann I, Mirzaei S, Birck R, Osinger K, Waldherr R, Köhn HD, Meisl FT, Mirszaei S. Expression of somatostatin receptors in inflammatory lesions and diagnostic value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:195-201. [PMID: 12949255 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the usefulness of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy for the evaluation of disease activity in the upper and lower respiratory tract in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AASV). METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients with AASV were subjected to SSTR scintigraphy as part of their initial diagnostic evaluation and follow-up. The presence of SSTRs in inflammatory lesions was evaluated with immunohistochemistry in selected cases. RESULTS In AASV, specificity of SSTR scintigraphy for active vs non-active disease was 96% for pulmonary disease and 100% for ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement, while sensitivity was 86% and 68%, respectively. Absence of previously present tracer accumulation characterized treatment responders, and treatment resistance was reflected by repeated positive scintigraphy. We could demonstrate the expression of SSTRs in lung and mucosal biopsies obtained from patients with active Wegener's granulomatosis and with microscopic polyangiitis. CONCLUSION SSTR scintigraphy is useful for the assessment of AASV, indicating disease activity, disease extent and treatment efficacy. SSTRs are expressed in both granulomatous as well as non-granulomatous AASV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Department of Nephrology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
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Heinrichs M, Meinlschmidt G, Neumann I, Wagner S, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH. Effects of suckling on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to psychosocial stress in postpartum lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:4798-804. [PMID: 11600543 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.10.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In several studies lactation has been shown to be associated with a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyporesponsiveness to physical and psychological stressors. As it is not known whether the marked blunting of endocrine stress reactivity in women can be ascribed to suckling as a short-term effect or to lactation in general, the acute effects of suckling on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system responses to mental stress were investigated in lactating women. Forty-three lactating women were randomly assigned either to breast-feed or to hold their infants for a 15-min period with the onset 30 min before they were exposed to a brief psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Both breast-feeding and holding the infant yielded significant decreases in ACTH, total plasma cortisol, and salivary free cortisol (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in baseline hormone levels between the groups 1 min before the stress test. In response to stress exposure, ACTH, total plasma cortisol, salivary free cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were significantly increased in all lactating women (all P < 0.001). However, total cortisol and free cortisol responses to stress were attenuated in breast-feeding women (P = 0.001 and P = 0.067, respectively), who also showed significantly decreasing PRL levels during the stress test (P = 0.005). In addition, there was no change in plasma oxytocin or vasopressin in response to the stressor. Breast-feeding as well as holding led to decreased anxiety (P < 0.05), whereas, in contrast, stress exposure worsened mood, calmness, and anxiety in the total group (all P < 0.001). From these data we conclude that lactation in women, in contrast to that in rats, does not result in a general restraint of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a psychosocial stressor. Rather, suckling is suggested to exert a short-term suppression of the cortisol response to mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heinrichs
- Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany.
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Neumann I, Meisl FT, Kopriva G, Manker W, Sinzinger H. Positive imaging of an inflammatory process at an arteriovenous access site with 111 Indium-labeled platelets. Rev Esp Med Nucl 2001; 20:120-2. [PMID: 11333822 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6982(01)71938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complications associated with the vascular access for hemodialysis represent one of the most important causes of morbidity among patients with renal replacement therapy. Early detection of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction is of great interest. We present the case of a 70 year old woman who underwent 111In-oxine-labeled-platelet scintigraphy to evaluate thrombogenicity at 3 weeks and 3 months after surgery of a new AVF. In the first post-operative scintigraphy 4 hours after reinjection of autologous 111In-labeled platelets, enhanced focal activity was visible in the AVF projection which could not be detected after 24 hours. Since early platelet accumulation may reflect hyperemia in inflammation, this diagnosis was verified by anti-granulocyte antibody scintigraphy. The platelet scintigraphy performed 3 months later was negative, with persistence of sufficient AVF function. These data show an intense early accumulation of 111In-oxine-labeled-platelets in unspecific inflammation of an AVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Vienna (Austria)
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21
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Neumann I, Strauss HG, Buchmann J, Koelbl H. Ectopic lobular breast cancer of the vulva. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:4805-8. [PMID: 11205223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary breast cancer of the vulvar region is a rare tumor entity. Only 12 cases have been published so far in the literature. PATIENT AND METHODS We report on a case of a 60-year old woman with an invasive lobular breast cancer localized to the vulva. The woman with elevated CA 15-3 and CEA markers underwent local wide excision of the tumor and bilateral inguinal lymphonodectomy, adjuvant anthracycline containing chemotherapy and locoregional irradiation including both inguinal regions and subsequent endocrine therapy with tamoxifen. RESULTS The resected specimen showed an estrogen receptor-positive diffuse infiltrating lobular breast cancer of the vulva with metastases in both groins. Original tissue of the breast adjacent to the malignant vulvar transformation was lacking. Imaging of the breast was lacking any pathology. Our patient has been followed up for 20 months without any signs of progressive disease. CONCLUSION Due to the rare occurrence, we are not able to give general guidelines for the treatment of ectopic breast cancer. However, adjustment of treatment to the therapeutic recommendations for orthotopic breast cancer seems reasonable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Department of Gynecology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, Magdeburger Str. 24, 06114 Halle, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Loss of p53 function is common in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biologic effect of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of wild-type p53 gene in four hepatoma cell lines with different p53 genetic makeup. METHODS Recombinant adenovirus expressing wild-type p53 was used. Recombinant adenoviruses with either an empty expression cassette or expressing beta-galactosidase gene served as controls. RESULTS High-level expression of wild-type p53 was achieved with adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. The expressed p53 protein showed nuclear localization and its expression was associated with an induction of p21 and bax expression. Expression of the p53 gene was associated with inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Expression of p53 was also associated with an upregulation of CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) gene expression, which may predispose the tumor cells to undergo apoptosis induced by the Fas Ligand/Fas cytolytic pathway. An additional anti-tumor effect, in terms of allowing the replication-defective adenovirus to replicate, was observed in hepatoma cells with homozygous deletion of p53 genes and to a lesser extent, hepatoma cells with mutated p53 genes. CONCLUSIONS These data showed that adenoviral-mediated gene transfer is effective in delivering p53 gene to tumor cells, and the multiple pathways involved in their antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reiser
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Germany
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Nauck M, Neumann I, März W, Wieland H. A new liquid homogeneous assay for the determination of HDL-cholesterol. A comparison to precipitation with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2 and a lyophilized homogeneous assay. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:537-43. [PMID: 10418745 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a new ready to use liquid assay for the homogeneous determination of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in comparison to phosphotungstic acid precipitation and a homogeneous assay, based on sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes (Roche Diagnostics/Boehringer Mannheim, Germany). The new liquid homogeneous HDL-C assay had inter-assay coefficients' of variation of less than 2.1%. The method is linear up to at least 3.11 mmol/I HDL-C, but even at 4.40 mmol/I the deviation from the expected value is less than 5%. Spinking experiments with low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins proved that the new assay was specific for high density lipoproteins up to cholesterol associated with low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)-triglyceride concentrations of 18.13 and 22.60 mmol/l, respectively. Free fatty acids above 2mmol/l did not interfere. Icteric samples with bilirubin concentrations between 170 and 400 micromol/l did not show any systematic deviation compared to the precipitation procedure. In addition, serum hemoglobin concentrations up to 7.0 mmol/l and ascorbic acid up to 3000 micromol/l did not interfere with the HDL-C assay. An intermethod comparison including 120 samples revealed good agreement of the liquid HDL-C assay and the precipitation procedure (y = 0.943x + 0.074 mmol/l; r = 0.992). The new homogeneous HDL-C assay is thus precise, comparable and robust. Due to its ease of handling this assay will significantly facilitate attempts to include the differentiation between HDL-C and LDL-C in the routine screening for cardiovascular risk factors and in the monitoring of lipid lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nauck
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Using platelet scintigraphy to evaluate early thrombogenicity, we examined 39 new vascular accesses 4 weeks and 3 months after surgery. We found a significant association between platelet deposition and Doppler flow (P < 0.01) and blood pressure (P < 0.01). Compared with arteriovenous fistulae, prosthetic grafts showed significantly higher platelet uptake (after 4 h: 2.4 +/- 1.1 vs 1.2 +/- 1.1 eU, P < 0.05; after 24 h: 2.1 +/- 1.0 vs 0.6 +/- 0.8 eU, P < 0.01) and a higher Doppler flow (1184 +/- 202 vs 609 +/- 342 ml.min-1, P < 0.001). In 8 of 39 accesses, a thrombosis occurred. Accumulation of activity was not related to shunt thrombosis (specificity 61%, sensitivity 71%). We conclude that 111In-platelet scintigraphy is not suitable for the early detection of shunt thrombosis or for identifying patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria
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Wickenhauser C, Thiele J, Schmitz B, Frimpong S, Neumann I, Schramm K, Zankovich R, Fischer R. Polycythemia vera megakaryocytes store and release lysozyme to a higher extent than megakaryocytes in secondary polycythemia (polyglobuly). Leuk Res 1999; 23:299-306. [PMID: 10071085 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(98)00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme, a myelomonocytic marker not only exerts bacteriolytic, but also immunomodulatoric properties and was found to bind to the glycosaminoglycan serglycin, an important constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Pathological serum lysozyme levels were described in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) and other hematological conditions. In this context it is remarkable that in polycythemia rubra vera (PV), characterized by a proliferation particularly of the megakaryo- and erythropoiesis, serum lysozyme levels behave independently of the numbers of myelomonocytic cells in peripheral blood. To elucidate whether megakaryopoiesis might be the source of the increased serum lysozyme, we performed an experimental study on isolated and enriched megakaryocytes derived from bone marrow of patients with PV. Findings were compared to a group of patients with reactive (smoker's) polyglobuly (PG). In confirmation of previous results, quantification of serum lysozyme levels showed a slight elevation in the cohort of PV patients which was not correlated with the leukocyte count. Applying an immunohistochemical assay we were able to demonstrate intracytoplasmic lysozyme storage in megakaryocytes. Moreover, performing the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA), a technique which enables detection of secreted proteins at the single cell level, we found that 54% of the PV, but only 3% of the PG megakaryocytes spontaneously secreted lysozyme. After rhIL-3 treatment the secretion of lysozyme remained unchanged in PV but increased to 14% in PG. These findings suggest that the extent of megakaryocytic lysozyme secretion might discriminate PV from reactive conditions. Although a direct involvement of lysozyme in the regulation of aberrant megakaryopoiesis in PV is not likely, the results of the present study point to the possibility that lysozyme could be involved in the interactions of PV megakaryocytes with ECM. Moreover, the response to rhIL-3 significantly discriminates PV megakaryocytes from megakaryocytes of the PG group.
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Wickenhauser C, Thiele J, Lorenzen J, Schmitz B, Frimpong S, Schramm K, Neumann I, Zankovich R, Fischer R. Polycythemia vera megakaryocytes but not megakaryocytes from normal controls and patients with smokers polyglobuly spontaneously express IL-6 and IL-6R and secrete IL-6. Leukemia 1999; 13:327-34. [PMID: 10086722 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia rubra vera (PV) represents a clonal hematological disorder defined by an abnormal expansion of erythroid precursors and megakaryopoiesis, in particular. Ample evidence has been provided that the IL-6/1L-6R complex may be responsible for the proliferation of normal and neoplastic megakaryocytes in vitro and this fact lead us to the hypothesis, that defects in the regulation of IL-6 synthesis take part in the pathogenesis of PV. The study was carried out to determine the IL-6 serum levels and the megakaryocytic IL-6 production in patients with PV and to compare these data with the situation in hematologically healthy donors as well as in patients suffering from spurious polycythemia--smokers polyglobuly (PG). For this purpose, IL-6 serum levels were measured by ELISA and the megakaryocytic production studied by immunohistochemistry, reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) together with reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in highly enriched megakaryocyte preparations. In additional experiments, the influence of IL-3 stimulation and the expression of IL-6R were tested. Serum levels of IL-6 did not differ between the three groups under study. In contrast, immunohistochemistry revealed a raised proportion of megakaryocytes expressing IL-6 in PV as compared to normal donors and patients suffering from PG. The percentage of megakaryocytes actively secreting this cytokine as detected by the RHPA was 20 times greater than in both the other groups. This phenomenon was further substantiated by the fact that IL-6 mRNA could only be shown in PV megakaryocyte preparations. The regulation of IL-6 secretion appears to be abnormal in PV. Whereas in the normal and in the PG group IL-3 stimulation exerts a marked increase in megakaryocytic IL-6 secretion, PV megakaryocytes responded with a paradoxical down-regulation of IL-6 synthesis combined with the loss of IL-6R. Our data describe for the first time an abnormally raised IL-6 production by PV megakaryocytes and point towards fundamental regulatory alterations of the IL-6 synthesis in this disease.
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Neumann I, Wigger A, Hatzinger M, Keck ME. Pregnancy and aging. Two model systems with altered release patterns of oxytocin and vasopressin within the hypothalamus. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 449:179-81. [PMID: 10026801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Sinzinger H, Neumann I, O'Grady J, Rogatti W, Peskar BA. Effects of prostaglandin E1 metabolites on the induction of arterial thromboresistance. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1998; 55:265-75. [PMID: 9653766 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E1 has been shown to induce arterial thromboresistance in experimental animals and in man. It is known to be degraded in vivo to metabolites which have comparable (13,14-dihydro-PGE1) or no (15-keto-PGE1, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1) biological activity. It was the goal of this study to examine whether 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 and its derivatives might share biological activity in rendering the arterial wall less thrombogenic. Using a cross-perfusion technique the aorta and iliac artery surface were exposed to a donor rabbits' blood. We examined the intact endothelial lining and a surface which had been deendothelialized before by means of a Fogarty catheter. Donor animals and/or receiver animals were treated daily for 1 week with 13,14-dihydro-PGE1, PGE1, 15-keto-PGE1, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1, or the vehicle only, respectively. From the group of the receiver animals, a subgroup of 6 animals each was treated for the same period of time with either 13,14-dihydro-PGE1, PGE1, 15-keto-PGE1, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1, or the vehicle. Immediately after the last administration of the respective PG or solvent, native blood from a donor rabbit was circulated [30 mL/min. under in vivo flow conditions (60 Hz)] over an arterial segment of a receiver animal. Deposition of 111Indium-oxine labeled autologous platelets per surface unit was quantitatively assessed. In vitro perfusion data were morphometrically analysed. In animals pretreated with 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 the thromboresistance was almost comparable to that achieved with PGE1. In contrast, pretreatment of the donor animals (platelet) had only minor effects on the thromboresistance. The other compounds showed no effects. In vitro perfusion of human saphenous vein segments revealed PGE1 and 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 again to be of comparable potency, while 15-keto-PGE1 and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1 were only active at concentrations being several orders of magnitude higher. Not only PGE1 but also its in vivo formed metabolite PGE0 may play an important role in inducing improvement of haemostatic balance via the vascular wall rather than the platelets. The other metabolites, however, are unlikely to exhibit an effect at biologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sinzinger
- Wilhelm Auerswald-Atherosclerosis Research Group, Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- R Landgraf
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) offer the potential advantage to manipulate neuropeptide or neuropeptide receptor expression within the brain transiently and site-specifically, thus providing a tool for neuroendocrinological research into the physiological function of a particular neuropeptide system. In this study, various approaches are introduced which reveal that antisense ODN may exert acute, short-term effects on neuronal responsiveness to afferent stimuli, as well as long-term effects on neuropeptide/receptor protein availability in a given system depending on the duration of treatment. Short-term effects were seen in that oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) antisense ODN affected electrophysiological and secretory parameters of oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic neurons, respectively, as well as their ability to express the Fos protein in response to afferent stimulation a few hours after a single infusion into the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. In this study, two methodological approaches to study long-term effects of the antisense ODN are exemplified, in which antisense ODN directed against the mRNA coding for the neuropeptide itself or its receptor were used. The repeated infusion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) antisense ODN into the paraventricular nucleus resulted in reduced immunoreactive CRH, but not AVP, in the external zone of the median eminence. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the receptor-mediated effects of CRH and AVP released locally within the paraventricular nucleus on adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release from the pituitary, CRH receptor (and also AVP receptor) antisense ODN were repeatedly infused into the hypothalamic nuclei; this treatment resulted in an elevation of stimulated, but not basal, ACTH release into the blood. However, in addition to these obvious antisense effects, results are discussed which demonstrate sequence-unspecific effects of phosphorothioated ODN, suggesting that some of their mechanisms of action are not yet understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Neumann I, Meisl FT, Kopriva T, Sinzinger H. PP-29. Nucl Med Commun 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00006231-199705000-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sinzinger H, Neumann I, O'Grady J, Rogatti W, Peskar BA. PGE1-induced arterial thromboresistance is a vascular property as identified by cross-perfusion technique. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1997; 56:325-30. [PMID: 9150379 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(97)90577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E1 has been shown to improve thromboresistance. This experiment was designed to examine whether an effect on the arterial wall or the platelets is responsible for this phenomenon. Using a cross-perfusion model, the aortic and iliac artery endothelium of rabbits was removed by a balloon catheter before being perfused with blood of donor rabbits. Donor and/or receiver animals were treated with 20 microg PGE1 or vehicle (cyclodextrin) intravenously daily for 1 week. After the last administration of PGE1 or its vehicle, the animals were killed and native blood from a donor rabbit was recirculated (30 ml/min) via a deendothelialized segment of a receiver rabbit. The contact (C) and spread (S) platelets as well as the denuded surface covered with platelet aggregates (> 5 microm in height) were quantified by morphometry. Deposition of (111)In-oxine labeled autologous platelets was quantitatively determined per surface unit. In addition, PGI(2)- and TXB2-formation by the denuded aortic and iliac artery segments was determined. Pretreatment of receiver rabbits with PGE1 resulted in morphometrically assessed decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation, even when the donor rabbit was vehicle-treated. A vehicle-treated receiver rabbit, in contrast, shows platelet deposition comparable to controls, even if the donor rabbit was PGE1-pretreated. Treatment of donor animals with PGE1 did not result in a reduction in thrombogenicity. The beneficial in vivo PGE1 action of decreased arterial thrombogenicity is thus mediated by an effect on the vascular wall rather than on circulating platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sinzinger
- Wilhelm Auerswald-Atherosclerosis Research Group (ASF), Vienna, Austria
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Ludwig M, Johnstone LE, Neumann I, Landgraf R, Russell JA. Direct hypertonic stimulation of the rat supraoptic nucleus increases c-fos expressionin glial cells rather than magnocellular neurones. Cell Tissue Res 1997; 287:79-90. [PMID: 9011404 DOI: 10.1007/s004410050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether hypertonicity acts directly on supraoptic neurones to activate c-fos expression. Hypertonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid was infused into the supraoptic nucleus (SON) via a microdialysis probe implanted 24 h previously. The rats were decapitated after 90 min for immunohistochemistry with a Fos protein antibody. Direct hypertonic stimulation increased Fos protein expression in glial cells, identified by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, but not in magnocellular neurones. Similarly, with in situ hybridisation c-fos mRNA expression was predominantly seen in glial cells. Fos expression in SON neurones was stimulated by systemic hypertonicity even with a microdialysis probe in the SON, and magnocellular neurones expressed Fos after direct microinjection of cholecystokinin-8S into the SON. Thus, while direct hypertonic stimulation of SON neurones activates secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin, the c-fos gene is not activated, unlike following systemic hypertonic stimulation. This indicates that excitation of neuronal electrical and secretory activity does not necessarily lead to activation of the c-fos gene. Activation of c-fos expression in glial cells by direct hypertonic stimulation may reflect their role in regulating brain extracellular fluid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ludwig
- Department of Physiology, University Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
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Sinzinger H, Ulm MR, Neumann I, Kritz H, O'Grady J, Peskar BA. The prostacyclin stimulating plasma factor activity improves thromboresistance only if vascular PGI2-production is intact. Thromb Res 1996; 84:475-80. [PMID: 8987168 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(96)00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PGI2 is important in regulating platelet vessel wall interaction (1). In perfusion chamber experiments the amount of PGI2 formed was inversely related to the amount of platelets deposited (2). In 1978 a plasma factor was described which stimulates vascular PGI2-production (3). In later years, this activity has been monitored in different patient groups (for review see 4). Interestingly, it has been found that diseases associated with an increased bleeding tendency such as uraemia (5) or hepatic failure (6) were associated with an increased PF-activity while others with an enhanced thrombophilia sometimes show an absence of PF-activity (7). Recently, the PGI2 stimulating plasma factor has been purified and cloned (8). It was the aim of these experiments to assess whether PF-activity plays a role in local hemostasis regulation under in-vivo flow conditions and whether this is dependent on the presence of an intact PGI2-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sinzinger
- Wilhelm Auerswald-Atherosclerosis Research Group (ASF) Vienna, Austria
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36
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Wotjak CT, Kubota M, Liebsch G, Montkowski A, Holsboer F, Neumann I, Landgraf R. Release of vasopressin within the rat paraventricular nucleus in response to emotional stress: a novel mechanism of regulating adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion? J Neurosci 1996; 16:7725-32. [PMID: 8922428 PMCID: PMC6579083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of emotional stressors on the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) within the rat hypothalamus and the origin and physiological significance of AVP released within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were investigated. First, adult male Wistar rats with a microdialysis probe aimed at the PVN or the supraoptic nucleus were exposed to either a dominant male rat (social defeat) or a novel cage. Release of AVP within the PVN was significantly increased in response to social defeat but not to novelty. In contrast to an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, neither stressor stimulated the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system (unchanged plasma AVP and OXT and unchanged release within the supraoptic nucleus [AVP] and the PVN [OXT]). Next, we demonstrated by simultaneous microdialysis of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the PVN that AVP measured in PVN dialysates during social defeat was probably of intranuclear origin. Finally, a mixture of a V1 AVP and the alpha-helical corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonists administered via inverse microdialysis into the PVN caused a significant increase in the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration compared with vehicle-treated controls both under basal conditions and during social defeat, indicating inhibitory effects of intra-PVN-released AVP and/or CRH on HPA system activity. The antagonists failed to affect anxiety-related behavior of the animals as assessed with the elevated plus-maze. Taken together, our results show for the first time that AVP is released within the PVN in response to an emotional stressor. We hypothesize that this intranuclear release provides a negative tonus on ACTH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Wotjak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Hochban W, Neumann I, Ziegler A. [Mechanical/prosthetic protrusion of the mandible: effects on the pharynx]. Pneumologie 1996; 50:919-23. [PMID: 9091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharyngeal Effects: The protrusion of the mandible by prosthetic appliances ("Esmarch-prosthesis") may be a simple therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, but is effective only in rare cases. Aim of this study was the cephalometric investigation of pharyngeal changes by mechanic-/prosthetic mandibular protrusion in respect of the amount of protrusion. Cephalometric investigation was performed in 46 patients before and after mandibular protrusion, subdivided into 3 groups with protrusion of less than 7 mm, 7 to 10 mm, and more than 10 mm. A significant pharyngeal enlargement was found in all patients, but there was no correlation between the amount of protrusion and the amount of pharyngeal enlargement. Mandibular protrusion of more than 10 mm did not necessarily lead to more pharyngeal enlargement. A reliable prognosis of pharyngeal enlargement in respect of the amount of mandibular protrusion is not possible by cephalometric evaluation, even less a reliable prognosis of treatment success in respect of obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hochban
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
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38
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Hatzinger M, Reul JM, Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Neumann I. Combined dexamethasone/CRH test in rats: hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system alterations in aging. Neuroendocrinology 1996; 64:349-56. [PMID: 8930935 DOI: 10.1159/000127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system are well-known phenomena in human aging as well as under stressful conditions and in psychiatric disorders. Among the various neuroendocrine function tests developed so far, the combined dexamethasone (DEX)/corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test, in which DEX-pretreated subjects receive a single dose of CRH, has proved to be the most sensitive measure of subtle changes in HPA system regulation. To further explore the mechanisms underlying these neuroendocrine abnormalities in an animal model, a combined DEX/CRH test was established in young male Wistar rats. Five days before the experiment, the jugular vein was catheterized under halothane anesthesia for subsequent drug infusion and blood sampling. DEX (30 micrograms/kg) administered at 12.00 h, during the diurnal trough, suppressed the diurnal increase in circulating corticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone between 18.00 and 20.00 h, during the acrophase. Subsequent CRH (50 ng/kg) infused at 20.00 h provoked a minimal escape from DEX suppression, indicated by a slight increase in ACTH and corticosterone secretion. Therefore, the combination of 30 micrograms/kg DEX given at 12.00 h followed by pituitary-adrenal system stimulation with 50 ng/kg CRH at 20.00 h was defined as the standard DEX/CRH test procedure and was then used in young (3-6 months) and aged male Wistar rats (20-24 months). After DEX treatment, basal ACTH levels between 18.00 and 20.00 h were significantly higher in aged than in young rats (77.6 +/- 23.2 vs. 19.9 +/- 0.9 pg/ml; p < 0.01), indicating resistance of the HPA system to the suppressive effect of DEX. In addition, the ACTH response to subsequent CRH was significantly higher in aged than in young animals (area under the concentration time curve: 3,670 +/- 2,230 vs. 294 +/- 112; p < 0.05). Thus, the HPA system appeared to be profoundly dysregulated in aged male Wistar rats. The elevated basal ACTH levels reflect glucocorticoid nonsuppression, suggesting negative feedback impairment. This is further supported by the elevated ACTH response to a subsequent CRH challenge, which, in addition, may indicate changes in the endogenous synergistic mechanisms of CRH with other corticotropic factors, for instance vasopressin. In summary, the DEX/ CRH test revealed HPA system alterations in aging and can be applied in future studies to further explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroendocrine disturbances during (psycho) pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatzinger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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39
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Neumann I, Douglas AJ, Pittman QJ, Russell JA, Landgraf R. Oxytocin released within the supraoptic nucleus of the rat brain by positive feedback action is involved in parturition-related events. J Neuroendocrinol 1996; 8:227-33. [PMID: 8730656 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.04557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is released within the supraoptic nucleus during parturition and suckling. During suckling, such release is important in positive feedback stimulation of oxytocin neurons. We have investigated whether oxytocin released within this hypothalamic nucleus during parturition (1) acts on local receptors to further amplify its own release in a positive feedback manner and (2) is critically involved in the regulation of the delivery process. To examine the effect of the oxytocin antagonist on oxytocin release within the supraoptic nucleus, microdialysates were sampled before and during parturition and either vehicle or the antagonist was infused adjacent to the microdialysis probe directly into the supraoptic nucleus after delivery of the second pup. Intranuclear infusion of an oxytocin receptor antagonist (des-Gly-NH2d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2Thr4]OVT; 50 ng/0.5 microliters) significantly (P < 0.01) diminished the parturition-related rise in oxytocin release within the supraoptic nucleus and reduced the number of pups delivered during the first and second 30-min dialysis period compared to vehicle-treated controls. Bilateral infusion of the oxytocin receptor antagonist into the supraoptic nucleus after delivery of the second pup significantly slowed parturition (P < 0.05), although the parturition-related rise in plasma oxytocin concentration was unchanged. In addition, the onset of suckling was significantly affected by the antagonist as indicated by fewer liver pups and fewer surviving pups with milk in their stomachs 24 hours after parturition (P < 0.05). To seek other, periventricular sites of oxytocin action during parturition, oxytocin or the oxytocin antagonist was infused into the lateral cerebral ventricle from the birth of pup 2. Via this route, oxytocin speeded up parturition, but the antagonist was ineffective; thus it appears that periventricular oxytocin-sensitive sites are not normally active in promoting parturition, and can do so. The findings indicate a receptor-mediated positive feedback action of oxytocin on its own release within the supraoptic nucleus during parturition, which seems to be involved in the progress of parturition without significantly affecting circulation oxytocin levels. Oxytocin released within the supraoptic nucleus might be important for the coordinated activation of oxytocin neurons and for the synergistic central and peripheral oxytocin effects involved in the regulation of parturition-related events necessary for the survival of the newborn, including the onset of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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Hofstaetter C, Neumann I, Lennert T, Dudenhausen JW. Prenatal diagnosis of diffuse mesangial glomerulosclerosis by ultrasonography: a longitudinal study of a case in an affected family. Fetal Diagn Ther 1996; 11:126-31. [PMID: 8838769 DOI: 10.1159/000264291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The 4th child of an Arabian consanguineous family with 2 previous infant deaths due to diffuse mesangial glomerulosclerosis (at the ages of 1 and 44 days) and 1 healthy 3-year old child was followed up by ultrasonography from the 9th until the 35th week of gestation. Ultrasound showed enlarged hyperechogenic kidneys from the 14th week onwards, and the amniotic fluid level was increased to the upper normal limit. An amniocentesis at 14+ weeks of gestation showed a normal male karyotype and normal alpha-fetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Albumin and alpha 1-microglobulin levels in the amniotic fluid were within the normal range and not useful for diagnostic purposes. The child was born at the 36th week of gestation and died of renal failure 21 days later. A postmortem renal biopsy specimen revealed diffuse mesangial glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hofstaetter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Schwarz LR, Werner S, Topinka J, Andrae U, Neumann I, Wolff T. The liver as origin and target of reactive intermediates exemplified by the progesterone derivative, cyproterone acetate. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 387:243-51. [PMID: 8794218 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9480-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Schwarz
- GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut fur Toxikologie, Neuherberg, Germany
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Engelmann M, Wotjak CT, Neumann I, Ludwig M, Landgraf R. Behavioral consequences of intracerebral vasopressin and oxytocin: focus on learning and memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1996; 20:341-58. [PMID: 8880728 DOI: 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of David de Wied and his colleagues, the neuropeptides arginine vasopressin and oxytocin have been thought to play a pivotal role in behavioral regulation in general, and in learning and memory in particular. The present review focuses on the behavioral effects of intracerebral arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, with particular emphasis on the role of these neuropeptides as signals in interneuronal communication. We also discuss several methodological approaches that have been used to reveal the importance of these intracerebral neuropeptides as signals within signaling cascades. The literature suggests that arginine vasopressin improves, and oxytocin impairs, learning and memory. However, a critical analysis of the subject indicates the necessity for a revision of this generalized concept. We suggest that, depending on the behavioral test and the brain area under study, these endogenous neuropeptides are differentially involved in behavioral regulation; thus, generalizations derived from a single behavioral task should be avoided. In particular, recent studies on rodents indicate that socially relevant behaviors triggered by olfactory stimuli and paradigms in which the animals have to cope with an intense stressor (e.g., foot-shock motivated active or passive avoidance) are controlled by both arginine vasopressin and oxytocin released intracerebrally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Engelmann
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Institute, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (antisense) are short length single strands of DNA with base sequences complementary to a length of messenger RNA of a specific gene. They can be taken up by neurons and hybridize with a complementary messenger RNA to selectively interrupt the expression of a particular gene. We now describe neuropeptide-specific, short-latency (within 2-6 h) effects of antisense infused into the supraoptic nucleus on the responses of rat neurohypophysical neurons, in vivo, to various stimuli. Oxytocin antisense specifically (i) reduced the electrophysiological responses of putative oxytocin, but not vasopressin neurons, (ii) inhibited cholecystokinin-induced and electrically stimulated release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis, and (iii) reversibly abolished cholecystokinin-induced expression of Fos within the supraoptic nucleus. Vasopressin antisense reduced the excitatory responses of vasopressin neurons, but not of oxytocin neurons. As neuropeptide content within the supraoptic nucleus and neurohypophysis remains unaltered at this time, antisense may induce anticipatory, feed-forward alterations in electrical activity in addition to any possible effects on peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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44
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Topinka J, Binkova B, Zhu HK, Andrae U, Neumann I, Schwarz LR, Werner S, Wolff T. DNA-damaging activity of the cyproterone acetate analogues chlormadinone acetate and megestrol acetate in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 1995; 16:1483-7. [PMID: 7542174 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/16.7.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic progestin cyproterone acetate (CPA) has been recently shown to elicit DNA repair synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes and to form adducts with rat hepatocyte DNA in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we have examined the genotoxic potential of the structural analogues of CPA, chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and megestrol acetate (MGA) in rat liver cells. CPA strongly induced DNA repair synthesis in hepatocyte cultures from females but not from males. In contrast, CMA and MGA (2-50 microM) did not detectably increase repair synthesis in cultured hepatocytes from either gender. CMA and MGA, however, caused the formation of DNA adducts detectable by the 32P-postlabelling technique. At a concentration of 30 microM, between 30 and 50 adducts/10(9) nucleotides were found with MGA and CMA in cultured hepatocytes of female rats, and between 5 and 20 adducts/10(9) nucleotides were found in hepatocytes of males. By comparison, 30 microM CPA has been found to produce 1670 adducts/10(9) nucleotides in hepatocytes from female rats. CMA and MGA also induced low levels of DNA adducts in vivo. When female rats were treated with 100 mg/kg of CMA or MGA per os, the adduct levels were 2 and 19 adducts/10(9) nucleotides respectively. The results indicate that both CMA and MGA show some genotoxicity in rat liver cells, which is, however, much lower than that for CPA. Our findings further suggest that the high genotoxicity of CPA is associated with the presence of the 1,2 alpha-methylene group, which is absent in CMA and MGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Topinka
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
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45
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Douglas AJ, Neumann I, Meeren HK, Leng G, Johnstone LE, Munro G, Russell JA. Central endogenous opioid inhibition of supraoptic oxytocin neurons in pregnant rats. J Neurosci 1995; 15:5049-57. [PMID: 7623133 PMCID: PMC6577865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Naloxone increases oxytocin secretion in pregnant rats, suggesting restraint by endogenous opioids but we have previously reported that oxytocin nerve terminals in the neural lobe become desensitized to opioid actions in late pregnancy. Therefore, we sought evidence for opioid inhibition on oxytocin cell bodies and their inputs at this time. In conscious 21 d pregnant rats naloxone increased the number of neurons expressing Fos (an indicator of neuronal activity) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) but had no effect on 16 d pregnant or virgin rats. Release of oxytocin within the SON, measured by microdialysis in conscious rats, was also increased by naloxone in late pregnancy but not before. Nor-binaltorphimine, a specific kappa- opioid antagonist, did not increase Fos or affect oxytocin release within the SON in any group. In anesthetized rats the firing rate of SON neurons was recorded and oxytocin neurons identified by an excitatory response to intravenous cholecystokinin. Naloxone potentiated the cholecystokinin-induced firing rate response on day 21 of pregnancy but not in 16 d pregnant or virgin rats. Blood sampling in anesthetized rats showed that naloxone also increased the oxytocin secretory response to cholecystokinin in late pregnant rats. We conclude that in late pregnancy, after day 16, endogenous opioids inhibit oxytocin neurons either directly, on their cell bodies, or presynaptically on inputs. These endogenous opioids do not act through kappa- opioid receptors since nor-binaltorphimine was ineffective, but may act via mu-opioid receptors. Thus, the opioids restrain premature oxytocin secretion until parturition when there is a high demand for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Douglas
- Department of Physiology, University Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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46
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Neumann I, Landgraf R, Bauce L, Pittman QJ. Osmotic responsiveness and cross talk involving oxytocin, but not vasopressin or amino acids, between the supraoptic nuclei in virgin and lactating rats. J Neurosci 1995; 15:3408-17. [PMID: 7751920 PMCID: PMC6578212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactation is associated with complex changes of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, and oxytocin released within the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei may serve as a signal of communication between the magnocellular nuclei in lactating rats. In the first study, the intranuclear and peripheral release patterns of oxytocin and vasopressin in response to intraperitoneal hypertonic saline were studied in virgin and lactating rats to determine if the reduced osmoresponsiveness of the oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic systems during lactation is reflected by reduced release not only into blood, but also within the SON. Simultaneous microdialysis was performed within the SON and the jugular vein before and up to 6 hr after peripheral osmotic stimulation (3.0 M NaCl, 0.6 ml/100 gm body weight, i.p.). There was an immediate increase in secretion of both oxytocin and vasopressin into blood, whereas peptide release within the SON was delayed and peaked after 4-5 hr. Peripheral release of both peptides was significantly reduced in lactating animals, whereas within the SON release of oxytocin, but not vasopressin, was significantly reduced during lactation. In the second study, cross talk between the SONs--another phenomenon which seems to be characteristic for lactation--was studied. Microdialysis of one SON with hypertonic perfusion medium (with 1 M NaCl) significantly increased the release of oxytocin, vasopressin, and various amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, serine, glutamine, gamma amino butyric acid, and arginine) within the ipsilateral SON. In contrast to virgin female and male animals, this unilateral stimulation of the SON resulted in a transiently increased release of oxytocin in the contralateral SON of lactating rats. The release of vasopressin and amino acids within the contralateral SON of lactating rats remained unchanged, indicating specific activation of contralateral oxytocinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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47
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Abstract
Simultaneous microdialysis in the brain and blood was used to monitor the release of vasopressin and oxytocin within the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei and into the systemic circulation of urethane-anaesthetized male rats before and after central administration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Following intracerebroventricular infusion of the cytokine (200 ng/5 microliters), the content of vasopressin (up to 278% compared to vehicle-treated control, P < 0.01 compared to vehicle-treated control and preinfusion baseline) but not oxytocin (up to 148%, not significant) in 30-min blood microdialysates was found to be increased. This peripheral release was accompanied by a transient rise in vasopressin (up to 163%, P < 0.05) and oxytocin (up to 182%, P < 0.05) release within the SON, the peak typically occurring during the first and second 30-min collection intervals after IL-1 beta respectively. In contrast, in the simultaneously microdialysed PVN, both vasopressin and oxytocin failed to respond to intracerebroventricular IL-1 beta. In another series of experiments, IL-1 beta was directly infused (20 ng/0.5 microliters) into either the SON or PVN during microdialysis of the corresponding nucleus. The cytokine caused a significant and immediate rise in intra-SON release of both vasopressin (up to 225%, P < 0.01) and oxytocin (up to 178%, P < 0.05). Again, in the PVN, nonapeptide release, although tending to be stimulated in response to intranuclear IL-1 beta, failed to reach statistical significance. The cytokine-induced central and peripheral release pattern appeared to be independent of the rise in body temperature observed after IL-1 beta administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Landgraf
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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48
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Litscher G, Schwarz G, Jobstmann R, Klein G, Neumann I, Prietl B. [Noninvasive monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation--experiences in critical care medicine]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1995; 40:70-5. [PMID: 7756520 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1995.40.3.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) was studied in 15 healthy volunteers aged between 23 and 53 years (mean age: 34.2 +/- 8.7 years) and in 17 intensive care patients (mean age: 37.2 +/- 18.6 years; range 17-70). An infrared spectroscopy technique (INVOS 3100, Somanetics Co.) was used. The results were analysed in terms of age, heart rate, temperature at the recording site, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation. The mean +/- SD of rSO2 was 69.4% +/- 7.0% in the healthy volunteers and 66.4% +/- 7.4% in intensive care patients (65.3% +/- 6.2% in 7 patients with a cerebral lesion, 67.1% +/- 8.4% in 10 patients with no cerebral lesion). Individual examples are presented to show that infrared spectroscopy is a useful non-invasive method of investigating cerebral oxygenation. However, regional pathological-anatomical limitations of the technique, and possible extracerebral artefacts make necessary a critical interpretation of the rSO2 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Litscher
- AG für Biomedizinische Technik, Klinik für Anästhesiologie Graz
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49
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Neumann I, Landgraf R, Takahashi Y, Pittman QJ, Russell JA. Stimulation of oxytocin release within the supraoptic nucleus and into blood by CCK-8. Am J Physiol 1994; 267:R1626-31. [PMID: 7810774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.6.r1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous microdialysis in brain and blood was used to monitor the effects of systemic and central cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the release of oxytocin and vasopressin within the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) as well as into blood of urethan-anesthetized female rats. Administration of CCK-8 (20 micrograms/kg iv) increased oxytocin contents in 30-min microdialysates sampled simultaneously within the SON (1.8-fold) and blood (2.4-fold, both P < 0.05) compared with prestimulation levels. In another experiment, after bilateral administration of CCK-8 directly into the SON (10 ng/0.5 microliter) via a microdialysis/infusion probe, oxytocin contents in dialysates sampled from the left and right SON were increased 2.3- and 1.7-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. In simultaneously sampled dialysates from the jugular vein, oxytocin content increased 2.3-fold (P < 0.05). In contrast, oxytocin in dialysates sampled outside the hypothalamic nuclei was not altered by systemic or central CCK-8. The direct infusion of CCK-8 into both SON increased the release of vasopressin within the SON 1.7-fold (P < 0.05) but failed to significantly change vasopressin release into blood. The present findings show a coordinated regulation of intranuclear and systemic release of oxytocin in response to systemic and central CCK-8 and provide further evidence for a possible involvement of endogenous oxytocin in the complex regulation of ingestive and reproductive behaviors induced by CCK-8 at the brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neumann
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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50
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Raghunath M, Grupp C, Neumann I, Heidtmann A, Roelcke D. Polylactosamine sugar chains expressed by epithelia of Henle's loop and collecting duct in rat and human kidney are selectively recognized by human cold agglutinins anti-I/i. Tissue Antigens 1994; 44:159-65. [PMID: 7839348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Normal rat and human kidney was mapped immunohistochemically with human monoclonal cold agglutinins against the biochemically related erythrocyte glycoconjugate antigens I and i, which represent branched and linear polylactosamines, respectively. The antibodies worked well with both cryostat and paraffin-embedded material. Anti-i gave specific staining of collecting duct cells (mostly principal cells) as evidenced by double labelling with antibodies to band 3 and a 23 kD protein of intercalated cells. In contrast, anti-I turned out to be the first exclusive marker for the ascending and descending thin limb of Henle's loop. In addition, in rat kidney, the binding of anti-I/i was preserved in primary cultures both of principal cells of the papillary collecting duct and cells of the thin limb of Henle's loop. Our results suggest that both antibodies might be interesting tools for in vitro studies of renal cell physiology and the investigation of kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raghunath
- Division of Immunopathology, Inst. of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, FRG
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