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Ryu K, Baek H, Skare S, Cho E, Nam I, Kim T, Sprenger T. Clinical Feasibility of Ultrafast Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted 3D-EPI for Evaluating Intracranial Enhancing Lesions in Oncology Patients: Comparison with Standard 3D MPRAGE Sequence. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:195-201. [PMID: 35027347 PMCID: PMC8985684 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast-enhanced 3D T1WI is a preferred sequence for brain tumor imaging despite the long scan time. This study investigated the clinical feasibility of ultrafast contrast-enhanced T1WI by 3D echo-planar imaging compared with a standard contrast-enhanced 3D MPRAGE sequence for evaluating intracranial enhancing lesions in oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients in oncology underwent brain MR imaging including both contrast-enhanced T1WI, 3D-EPI and 3D MPRAGE, in a single examination session for evaluating intracranial tumors. Two neuroradiologists evaluated image quality, lesion conspicuity, diagnostic confidence, number and size of the lesions, and contrast-to-noise ratio measurements from the 2 different sequences. RESULTS Ultrafast 3D-EPI T1WI did not reveal significant differences in diagnostic confidence, contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma, and the number of enhancing lesions compared with MPRAGE (P > .05). However, ultrafast 3D-EPI T1WI revealed inferior image quality, inferior anatomic delineation and greater susceptibility artifacts with fewer motion artifacts than images obtained with MPRAGE. The mean contrast-to-noise ratioWM/GM and visual conspicuity of the lesion on ultrafast 3D-EPI T1WI were lower than those of MPRAGE (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ultrafast 3D-EPI T1WI showed comparable diagnostic performance with sufficient image quality and a 7-fold reduction in scan time for evaluating intracranial enhancing lesions compared with standard MPRAGE, even though it was limited by an inferior image quality and frequent susceptibility artifacts. Therefore, we believe that ultrafast 3D-EPI T1WI may be a viable option in oncology patients prone to movement during imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.H. Ryu
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.H.R., H.J.B., E.C., I.C.N.)
| | - H.J. Baek
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.H.R., H.J.B., E.C., I.C.N.),Department of Radiology (H.J.B.), Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Skare
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.S.),Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., T.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.H.R., H.J.B., E.C., I.C.N.)
| | - I.C. Nam
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.H.R., H.J.B., E.C., I.C.N.)
| | - T.H. Kim
- Internal Medicine (T.H.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Sprenger
- Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., T.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,MR Applied Science Laboratory Europe (T.S.), GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden
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Frydrych S, Vorberger J, Hartley NJ, Schuster AK, Ramakrishna K, Saunders AM, van Driel T, Falcone RW, Fletcher LB, Galtier E, Gamboa EJ, Glenzer SH, Granados E, MacDonald MJ, MacKinnon AJ, McBride EE, Nam I, Neumayer P, Pak A, Voigt K, Roth M, Sun P, Gericke DO, Döppner T, Kraus D. Demonstration of X-ray Thomson scattering as diagnostics for miscibility in warm dense matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2620. [PMID: 32457297 PMCID: PMC7251136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gas and ice giants in our solar system can be seen as a natural laboratory for the physics of highly compressed matter at temperatures up to thousands of kelvins. In turn, our understanding of their structure and evolution depends critically on our ability to model such matter. One key aspect is the miscibility of the elements in their interiors. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of X-ray Thomson scattering to quantify the degree of species separation in a 1:1 carbon-hydrogen mixture at a pressure of ~150 GPa and a temperature of ~5000 K. Our measurements provide absolute values of the structure factor that encodes the microscopic arrangement of the particles. From these data, we find a lower limit of [Formula: see text]% of the carbon atoms forming isolated carbon clusters. In principle, this procedure can be employed for investigating the miscibility behaviour of any binary mixture at the high-pressure environment of planetary interiors, in particular, for non-crystalline samples where it is difficult to obtain conclusive results from X-ray diffraction. Moreover, this method will enable unprecedented measurements of mixing/demixing kinetics in dense plasma environments, e.g., induced by chemistry or hydrodynamic instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frydrych
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - J Vorberger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - N J Hartley
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - A K Schuster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - K Ramakrishna
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - A M Saunders
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R W Falcone
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - A J MacKinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - I Nam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - K Voigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - P Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Kraus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany.
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Hartley NJ, Vorberger J, Döppner T, Cowan T, Falcone RW, Fletcher LB, Frydrych S, Galtier E, Gamboa EJ, Gericke DO, Glenzer SH, Granados E, MacDonald MJ, MacKinnon AJ, McBride EE, Nam I, Neumayer P, Pak A, Rohatsch K, Saunders AM, Schuster AK, Sun P, van Driel T, Kraus D. Liquid Structure of Shock-Compressed Hydrocarbons at Megabar Pressures. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:245501. [PMID: 30608736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present results for the ionic structure in hydrocarbons (polystyrene, polyethylene) that were shock compressed to pressures of up to 190 GPa, inducing rapid melting of the samples. The structure of the resulting liquid is then probed using in situ diffraction by an x-ray free electron laser beam, demonstrating the capability to obtain reliable diffraction data in a single shot, even for low-Z samples without long range order. The data agree well with ab initio simulations, validating the ability of such approaches to model mixed samples in states where complex interparticle bonds remain, and showing that simpler models are not necessarily valid. While the results clearly exclude the possibility of complete carbon-hydrogen demixing at the conditions probed, they also, in contrast to previous predictions, indicate that diffraction is not always a sufficient diagnostic for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Hartley
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Vorberger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R W Falcone
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - S Frydrych
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - E Granados
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A J MacKinnon
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - E E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - I Nam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Rohatsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A M Saunders
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A K Schuster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - T van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94309, USA
| | - D Kraus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Nam I. Restoration-focused coping reduces complicated grief among older adults: A randomized controlled study. The European Journal of Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Briggs R, Gorman MG, Coleman AL, McWilliams RS, McBride EE, McGonegle D, Wark JS, Peacock L, Rothman S, Macleod SG, Bolme CA, Gleason AE, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Fratanduono DE, Smith RF, Galtier E, Granados E, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Nam I, Xing Z, McMahon MI. Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:025501. [PMID: 28128621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using x-ray diffraction at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser, we have determined simultaneously and self-consistently the phase transitions and equation of state (EOS) of the lightest transition metal, scandium, under shock compression. On compression scandium undergoes a structural phase transition between 32 and 35 GPa to the same bcc structure seen at high temperatures at ambient pressures, and then a further transition at 46 GPa to the incommensurate host-guest polymorph found above 21 GPa in static compression at room temperature. Shock melting of the host-guest phase is observed between 53 and 72 GPa with the disappearance of Bragg scattering and the growth of a broad asymmetric diffraction peak from the high-density liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Briggs
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - M G Gorman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Coleman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R S McWilliams
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - E E McBride
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Peacock
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S G Macleod
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom and Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Nam
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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Nikitina N, Aleksandrova O, Nam I, Rodionova N, Rebrov A. AB0561 Heart Involvement in Patients with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Choi D, Han B, Kim J, Kim H, Jang G, Kwon J, Kim H, Kim H, Jung J, Kim H, Nam I, Yoon H, Bae HS, Park YS, Lee H, Kang S, Cho J, Song H, Zang D. P-149 Changes of quality of life in elderly gastrointestinal cancer patients after curative surgery in South Korea. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gaydukova I, Rebrov A, Nikitina N, Nam I. SAT0348 Efficacy and Safety of Different Schemes of Etoricoxib Administration in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis - Results of A 12-Week, Prospective, Open-Label Study: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Beketova T, Alexandrova E, Novoselova T, Sazhina E, Nikolaeva E, Smirnov A, Sorotskaya V, Zemerova E, Nam I, Nikitina N, Arkhangelskaya G, Bagautdinova Z, Dashkov I, Chernykh S, Zhirnova O, Lushpaeva Y, Masneva L, Afanasjeva I, Arsenyev A, Kondratenko I, Bashkova I, Glukhova S, Nasonov E. AB0598 Rituximab Treatment in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Results from A Russian Registry (NORMA): Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nam I, Park J, Kim C, Kim S, Cho K, Kim M. Role of Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy in the Aging Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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