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Abstract
COVID-19 continues to rampage around the world. Noncritical care-trained physicians may be deployed into the intensive care unit to manage these complex patients. Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, it is also associated with significant pathology in the brain, heart, vasculature, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. This article provides an overview of COVID-19 using an organ-based, systematic approach.
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Ye W, Patel J, Thede K, Aravindabose V, Wentworth S, Monroe I, Garvin ML, Garvin JL, Packer RK. Acute and chronic temperature dependence of Na +/H + exchange activity of Pimephales promelas gills. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110975. [PMID: 33974967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) mediate at least part of Na+ entry into gill epithelia via Na+/NH4+ exchange. For homeostasis, Na+ entry into and exit via Na+/K+ ATPase from gill epithelia must balance. Na+/K+ ATPase activity is reduced in cold- compared to warm-acclimated freshwater temperate fish. We hypothesized gill NHE activity is greater in warm- than cold-acclimated fish when measured at acclimation temperatures, and NHE activity displays a temperature dependence similar to Na+/K+ ATPase. Since NHE mRNA expression does not differ, we measured the Na+-dependence of pH-induced Na+ fluxes in gill vesicles from warm- and cold-acclimated fathead minnows at 20o and 7 °C, and calculated maximum transport rates (Vmax) and Na+ K1/2s. We also measured NH4+-induced Na+ fluxes and Na+-induced H+ fluxes. In vesicles from warm-acclimated fish, NHE Vmaxs were 278 ± 33 and 149 ± 23 arbitrary unit/s (au/s) and Na+ K1/2s were 12 ± 4 and 6 ± 4 mmol/l when assayed at 20o and 7 °C (p < 0.004), respectively. In vesicles from cold-acclimated fish, Vmaxs were 288 ± 35 and 141 ± 13 au/s and Na+ K1/2s 17 ± 5 and 7 ± 2 mmol/l when assayed at 20o and 7 °C (p < 0.002), respectively. Na+-induced H+ fluxes were 98 ± 8 and 104 ± 26 au/s in warm- and cold-acclimated fish assayed at 20 °C, respectively. Na+/NH4+ exchange was 120 ± 11 and 158 ± 13 au/s in warm- and cold-acclimated fish, respectively. Conclusions: Gill NHE activity was greater in warm- than cold-acclimated fish assayed at acclimation temperatures. The temperature dependence of NHE activity was similar in both groups, but differed from that reported for Na+/K+ ATPase suggesting complex mechanisms to maintain Na+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ye
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Jill Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America; Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Katrina Thede
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Varsha Aravindabose
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Simon Wentworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St N.W., Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Ian Monroe
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St N.W., Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Matthew L Garvin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
| | - Randall K Packer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St N.W., Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
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Monroe I, Wentworth S, Thede K, Aravindabose V, Garvin J, Packer RK. Activity changes in gill ion transporter enzymes in response to salinity and temperature in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 228:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Schwann TA, Ramia PS, Engoren MC, Bonnell MR, Goodwin M, Monroe I, Habib RH. Evidence and temporality of the obesity paradox in coronary bypass surgery: an analysis of cause-specific mortality†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 54:896-903. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul S Ramia
- Vascular Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Milo C Engoren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark R Bonnell
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Goodwin
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ian Monroe
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Robert H Habib
- The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Moore S, Kundo P, Worley S, Monroe I. Body-mind-spirit responses. ASHA 1997; 39:6. [PMID: 9343872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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