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Neel LK, Logan ML, Nicholson DJ, Miller C, Chung AK, Maayan I, Degon Z, DuBois M, Curlis JD, Taylor Q, Keegan KM, McMillan WO, Losos JB, Cox CL. Habitat structure mediates vulnerability to climate change through its effects on thermoregulatory behavior. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L. Logan
- University of Nevada Reno NV USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
| | - Daniel J. Nicholson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
- Queen Mary University London London UK
| | | | - Albert K. Chung
- Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
- University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Zach Degon
- Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - W. O. McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
| | | | - Christian L. Cox
- Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
- Florida International University Miami FL USA
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2
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Logan ML, Neel LK, Nicholson DJ, Stokes AJ, Miller CL, Chung AK, Curlis JD, Keegan KM, Rosso AA, Maayan I, Folfas E, Williams CE, Casement B, Gallegos Koyner MA, Padilla Perez DJ, Falvey CH, Alexander SM, Charles KL, Graham ZA, McMillan WO, Losos JB, Cox CL. Sex-specific microhabitat use is associated with sex-biased thermal physiology in Anolis lizards. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb235697. [PMID: 33328289 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.235697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
If fitness optima for a given trait differ between males and females in a population, sexual dimorphism may evolve. Sex-biased trait variation may affect patterns of habitat use, and if the microhabitats used by each sex have dissimilar microclimates, this can drive sex-specific selection on thermal physiology. Nevertheless, tests of differences between the sexes in thermal physiology are uncommon, and studies linking these differences to microhabitat use or behavior are even rarer. We examined microhabitat use and thermal physiology in two ectothermic congeners that are ecologically similar but differ in their degree of sexual size dimorphism. Brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) exhibit male-biased sexual size dimorphism and live in thermally heterogeneous habitats, whereas slender anoles (Anolis apletophallus) are sexually monomorphic in body size and live in thermally homogeneous habitats. We hypothesized that differences in habitat use between the sexes would drive sexual divergence in thermal physiology in brown anoles, but not slender anoles, because male and female brown anoles may be exposed to divergent microclimates. We found that male and female brown anoles, but not slender anoles, used perches with different thermal characteristics and were sexually dimorphic in thermal tolerance traits. However, field-active body temperatures and behavior in a laboratory thermal arena did not differ between females and males in either species. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in thermal physiology can arise from phenotypic plasticity or sex-specific selection on traits that are linked to thermal tolerance, rather than from direct effects of thermal environments experienced by males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Logan
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Lauren K Neel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Daniel J Nicholson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Andrew J Stokes
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
| | - Christina L Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert K Chung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - John David Curlis
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Keegan
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Adam A Rosso
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Edite Folfas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Claire E Williams
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna Casement
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - Maria A Gallegos Koyner
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | | | - Cleo H Falvey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Sean M Alexander
- Departement of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Zackary A Graham
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Environment, Florida International University, FL 33199, USA
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3
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Campbell-Staton SC, Winchell KM, Rochette NC, Fredette J, Maayan I, Schweizer RM, Catchen J. Parallel selection on thermal physiology facilitates repeated adaptation of city lizards to urban heat islands. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:652-658. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Winchell KM, Maayan I, Fredette JR, Revell LJ. Linking locomotor performance to morphological shifts in urban lizards. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0229. [PMID: 29875296 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban habitats are drastically modified from their natural state, creating unique challenges and selection pressures for organisms that reside in them. We compared locomotor performance of Anolis lizards from urban and forest habitats on tracks differing in angle and substrate, and found that using artificial substrates came at a cost: lizards ran substantially slower and frequently lost traction on man-made surfaces compared to bark. We found that various morphological traits were positively correlated with sprint speed and that these same traits were significantly larger in urban compared to forest lizards. We found that urban lizards ran faster on both man-made and natural surfaces, suggesting similar mechanisms improve locomotor performance on both classes of substrate. Thus, lizards in urban areas may be under selection to run faster on all flat surfaces, while forest lizards face competing demands of running, jumping and clinging to narrow perches. Novel locomotor challenges posed by urban habitats likely have fitness consequences for lizards that cannot effectively use man-made surfaces, providing a mechanistic basis for observed phenotypic shifts in urban populations of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Winchell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jason R Fredette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Liam J Revell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA.,Programa de Biología, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 26 No. 63B-48, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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5
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Tollis M, Hutchins ED, Stapley J, Rupp SM, Eckalbar WL, Maayan I, Lasku E, Infante CR, Dennis SR, Robertson JA, May CM, Crusoe MR, Bermingham E, DeNardo DF, Hsieh STT, Kulathinal RJ, McMillan WO, Menke DB, Pratt SC, Rawls JA, Sanjur O, Wilson-Rawls J, Wilson Sayres MA, Fisher RE, Kusumi K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Accelerated Evolution in Conserved Pathways during the Diversification of Anole Lizards. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:489-506. [PMID: 29360978 PMCID: PMC5798147 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamates include all lizards and snakes, and display some of the most diverse and extreme morphological adaptations among vertebrates. However, compared with birds and mammals, relatively few resources exist for comparative genomic analyses of squamates, hampering efforts to understand the molecular bases of phenotypic diversification in such a speciose clade. In particular, the ∼400 species of anole lizard represent an extensive squamate radiation. Here, we sequence and assemble the draft genomes of three anole species-Anolis frenatus, Anolis auratus, and Anolis apletophallus-for comparison with the available reference genome of Anolis carolinensis. Comparative analyses reveal a rapid background rate of molecular evolution consistent with a model of punctuated equilibrium, and strong purifying selection on functional genomic elements in anoles. We find evidence for accelerated evolution in genes involved in behavior, sensory perception, and reproduction, as well as in genes regulating limb bud development and hindlimb specification. Morphometric analyses of anole fore and hindlimbs corroborated these findings. We detect signatures of positive selection across several genes related to the development and regulation of the forebrain, hormones, and the iguanian lizard dewlap, suggesting molecular changes underlying behavioral adaptations known to reinforce species boundaries were a key component in the diversification of anole lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tollis
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University
| | - Elizabeth D Hutchins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jessica Stapley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Shawn M Rupp
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
| | | | - Inbar Maayan
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
| | - Eris Lasku
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
| | - Carlos R Infante
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona
| | - Stuart R Dennis
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | | | | | - Eldredge Bermingham
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oris Sanjur
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | - Melissa A Wilson Sayres
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
- The Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University
| | - Rebecca E Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine–Phoenix
| | - Kenro Kusumi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine–Phoenix
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6
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Shafer ABA, Peart CR, Tusso S, Maayan I, Brelsford A, Wheat CW, Wolf JBW. Bioinformatic processing of RAD‐seq data dramatically impacts downstream population genetic inference. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B. A. Shafer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- Forensic Science and Environmental & Life Sciences Trent University 2014 East Bank Dr K9J 7B8 Peterborough Canada
| | - Claire R. Peart
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sergio Tusso
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Jochen B. W. Wolf
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology Ludwig‐Maximilians University of Munich Grosshaderner Str. 2 82152 Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
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7
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González-Tortuero E, Rusek J, Maayan I, Petrusek A, Piálek L, Laurent S, Wolinska J. Genetic diversity of two Daphnia-infecting microsporidian parasites, based on sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer region. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:293. [PMID: 27206473 PMCID: PMC4875737 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporidia are spore-forming obligate intracellular parasites that include both emerging pathogens and economically important disease agents. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of microsporidia. Here, we investigated patterns of geographic population structure, intraspecific genetic variation, and recombination in two microsporidian taxa that commonly infect cladocerans of the Daphnia longispina complex in central Europe. Taken together, this information helps elucidate the reproductive mode and life-cycles of these parasite species. Methods Microsporidia-infected Daphnia were sampled from seven drinking water reservoirs in the Czech Republic. Two microsporidia species (Berwaldia schaefernai and microsporidium lineage MIC1) were sequenced at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, using the 454 pyrosequencing platform. Geographical structure analyses were performed applying Fisher’s exact tests, analyses of molecular variance, and permutational MANOVA. To evaluate the genetic diversity of the ITS region, the number of polymorphic sites and Tajima’s and Watterson’s estimators of theta were calculated. Tajima’s D was also used to determine if the ITS in these taxa evolved neutrally. Finally, neighbour similarity score and pairwise homology index tests were performed to detect recombination events. Results While there was little variation among Berwaldia parasite strains infecting different host populations, the among-population genetic variation of MIC1 was significant. Likewise, ITS genetic diversity was lower in Berwaldia than in MIC1. Recombination signals were detected only in Berwaldia. Conclusion Genetic tests showed that parasite populations could have expanded recently after a bottleneck or that the ITS could be under negative selection in both microsporidia species. Recombination analyses might indicate cryptic sex in Berwaldia and pure asexuality in MIC1. The differences observed between the two microsporidian species present an exciting opportunity to study the genetic basis of microsporidia-Daphnia coevolution in natural populations, and to better understand reproduction in these parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1584-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Tortuero
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Centre for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jakub Rusek
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Laurent
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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González-Tortuero E, Rusek J, Turko P, Petrusek A, Maayan I, Piálek L, Tellenbach C, Gießler S, Spaak P, Wolinska J. Daphnia parasite dynamics across multiple Caullerya epidemics indicate selection against common parasite genotypes. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:314-21. [PMID: 27209316 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies of parasite population dynamics in natural systems are crucial for our understanding of host-parasite coevolutionary processes. Some field studies have reported that host genotype frequencies in natural populations change over time according to parasite-driven negative frequency-dependent selection. However, the temporal patterns of parasite genotypes have rarely been investigated. Moreover, parasite-driven negative frequency-dependent selection is contingent on the existence of genetic specificity between hosts and parasites. In the present study, the population dynamics and host-genotype specificity of the ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili, a common endoparasite of Daphnia water fleas, were analysed based on the observed sequence variation in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA. The Daphnia population of lake Greifensee (Switzerland) was sampled and subjected to parasite screening and host genotyping during C. mesnili epidemics of four consecutive years. The ITS1 of wild-caught C. mesnili-infected Daphnia was sequenced using the 454 pyrosequencing platform. The relative frequencies of C. mesnili ITS1 sequences differed significantly among years: the most abundant C. mesnili ITS1 sequence decreased and rare sequences increased over the course of the study, a pattern consistent with negative frequency-dependent selection. However, only a weak signal of host-genotype specificity between C. mesnili and Daphnia genotypes was detected. Use of cutting edge genomic techniques will allow further investigation of the underlying micro-evolutionary relationships within the Daphnia-C. mesnili system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Tortuero
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Centre for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82512 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jakub Rusek
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82512 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82512 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Tellenbach
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Gießler
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82512 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Ish-Shalom M, Dahan Y, Maayan I, Irihimovitch V. Cloning and molecular characterization of an ethylene receptor gene, MiERS1, expressed during mango fruitlet abscission and fruit ripening. Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 49:931-6. [PMID: 21676621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized a mango (Mangifera indica L.) cDNA homolog of the ethylene receptor gene ERS1, designated MiERS1. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggested the existence of a second gene with homology to MiERS1. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of MiERS1 were first studied during fruitlet drop and compared with those of a previously identified MiETR1 gene that encodes an ETR1-type ethylene receptor. Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants in which fruitlet abscission was induced by ethephon treatment. Northern analysis revealed a notable increase in MiERS1 mRNA levels in the fruitlet's activated abscission zone within 24 h of ethephon application, followed by a decreasing pattern 48 h post-treatment. A transient, albeit lesser, increase in MiERS1 mRNA levels was also observed in treated fruitlet seed and mesocarp tissues. In contrast, in the abscission zone, accumulation of MiETR1 transcript remained unchanged; a temporal increase in MiETR1 transcript level was observed in the fruitlet mesocarp, whereas in the seed, MiETR1 expression had already dropped by 24 h. Expression profiles of MiERS1 and MiETR1 were then studied during fruit ripening. In agreement with a previous study and coinciding with the climacteric rise in ethylene production, RNA blot analysis revealed that during fruit ripening, MiETR1 mRNA level increases in both mesocarp and seed tissues. Unexpectedly, however, in those same tissues, MiERS1 transcript accumulation was barely detected. Collectively, our data highlight MiERS1's possible specific function in regulating fruitlet abscission rather than fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazal Ish-Shalom
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
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10
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Keren I, Bezawork-Geleta A, Kolton M, Maayan I, Belausov E, Levy M, Mett A, Gidoni D, Shaya F, Ostersetzer-Biran O. AtnMat2, a nuclear-encoded maturase required for splicing of group-II introns in Arabidopsis mitochondria. RNA 2009; 15:2299-311. [PMID: 19946041 PMCID: PMC2779688 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1776409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria (mt) in plants house about 20 group-II introns, which lie within protein-coding genes required in both organellar genome expression and respiration activities. While in nonplant systems the splicing of group-II introns is mediated by proteins encoded within the introns themselves (known as "maturases"), only a single maturase ORF (matR) has retained in the mitochondrial genomes in plants; however, its putative role(s) in the splicing of organellar introns is yet to be established. Clues to other proteins are scarce, but these are likely encoded within the nucleus as there are no obvious candidates among the remaining ORFs within the mtDNA. Intriguingly, higher plants genomes contain four maturase-related genes, which exist in the nucleus as self-standing ORFs, out of the context of their evolutionary-related group-II introns "hosts." These are all predicted to reside within mitochondria and may therefore act "in-trans" in the splicing of organellar-encoded introns. Here, we analyzed the intracellular locations of the four nuclear-encoded maturases in Arabidopsis and established the roles of one of these genes, At5g46920 (AtnMat2), in the splicing of several mitochondrial introns, including the single intron within cox2, nad1 intron2, and nad7 intron2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Keren
- Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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11
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Maayan I, Shaya F, Ratner K, Mani Y, Lavee S, Avidan B, Shahak Y, Ostersetzer-Biran O. Photosynthetic activity during olive (Olea europaea) leaf development correlates with plastid biogenesis and Rubisco levels. Physiol Plant 2008; 134:547-58. [PMID: 18636989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves are known to mature slowly, reaching their maximum photosynthetic activity only after full leaf expansion. Poor assimilation rates, typical to young olive leaves, were previously associated with low stomata conductance. Yet, very little is known about chloroplast biogenesis throughout olive leaf development. Here, the photosynthetic activity and plastids development throughout leaf maturation is characterized by biochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Although demonstrated only low photosynthetic activity, the plastids found in young leaves accumulated both photosynthetic pigments and proteins required for photophosphorylation and carbon fixation. However, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase), which catalyzes the first major step of carbon fixation and one of the most abundant proteins in plants, could not be detected in the young leaves and only slowly accumulated throughout development. In fact, Rubisco levels seemed tightly correlated with the observed photosynthetic activities. Unlike Rubisco, numerous proteins accumulated in the young olive leaves. These included the early light induced proteins, which may be required to reduce the risk of photodamage, because of light absorption by photosynthetic pigments. Also, high levels of ribosomal L11 subunit, transcription factor elF-5A, Histones H2B and H4 were observed in the apical leaves, and in particular a plastidic-like aldolase, which accounted for approximately 30% of the total proteins. These proteins may upregulate in their levels to accommodate the high demand for metabolic energy in the young developing plant tissue, further demonstrating the complex sink-to-source relationship between young and photosynthetically active mature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Maayan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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