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Wilson FP, Shashaty M, Testani J, Aqeel I, Borovskiy Y, Ellenberg SS, Feldman HI, Fernandez H, Gitelman Y, Lin J, Negoianu D, Parikh CR, Reese PP, Urbani R, Fuchs B. Automated, electronic alerts for acute kidney injury: a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385:1966-74. [PMID: 25726515 PMCID: PMC4475457 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury often goes unrecognised in its early stages when effective treatment options might be available. We aimed to determine whether an automated electronic alert for acute kidney injury would reduce the severity of such injury and improve clinical outcomes in patients in hospital. METHODS In this investigator-masked, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, patients were recruited from the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Eligible participants were adults aged 18 years or older who were in hospital with stage 1 or greater acute kidney injury as defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine-based criteria. Exclusion criteria were initial hospital creatinine 4·0 mg/dL (to convert to μmol/L, multiply by 88·4) or greater, fewer than two creatinine values measured, inability to determine the covering provider, admission to hospice or the observation unit, previous randomisation, or end-stage renal disease. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequence to receive an acute kidney injury alert (a text-based alert sent to the covering provider and unit pharmacist indicating new acute kidney injury) or usual care, stratified by medical versus surgical admission and intensive care unit versus non-intensive care unit location in blocks of 4-8 participants. The primary outcome was a composite of relative maximum change in creatinine, dialysis, and death at 7 days after randomisation. All analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01862419. FINDINGS Between Sept 17, 2013, and April 14, 2014, 23,664 patients were screened. 1201 eligible participants were assigned to the acute kidney injury alert group and 1192 were assigned to the usual care group. Composite relative maximum change in creatinine, dialysis, and death at 7 days did not differ between the alert group and the usual care group (p=0·88), or within any of the four randomisation strata (all p>0·05). At 7 days after randomisation, median maximum relative change in creatinine concentrations was 0·0% (IQR 0·0-18·4) in the alert group and 0·6% (0·0-17·5) in the usual care group (p=0·81); 87 (7·2%) patients in the alert group and 70 (5·9%) patients in usual care group had received dialysis (odds ratio 1·25 [95% CI 0·90-1·74]; p=0·18); and 71 (5·9%) patients in the alert group and 61 (5·1%) patients in the usual care group had died (1·16 [0·81-1·68]; p=0·40). INTERPRETATION An electronic alert system for acute kidney injury did not improve clinical outcomes among patients in hospital. FUNDING Penn Center for Healthcare Improvement and Patient Safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perry Wilson
- Yale University School of Medicine, Program of Applied Translational Research, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michael Shashaty
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Testani
- Yale University School of Medicine, Program of Applied Translational Research, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yuliya Borovskiy
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan S Ellenberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harold I Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilda Fernandez
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Gitelman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennie Lin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Negoianu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Yale University School of Medicine, Program of Applied Translational Research, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter P Reese
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Urbani
- Department of Information Services, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barry Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bandeali S, Jawad A, Azmatullah A, Liaquat HB, Aqeel I, Afzal A, Umal A, Abidi K, Israr SM. Prevalence of behavioural and psychological problems in working children. J PAK MED ASSOC 2008; 58:345-349. [PMID: 18988400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and screen the nature and types of behavioural and psychological problems among working children in Karachi. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in three urban squatter settlements of Karachi from May to June 2006, targeting working children aged 11-16 years. Behavioural Problems of these children were estimated by using the self reported Urdu version of the Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire. The results were cross-tabulated using SPSS 13.0 with the identified risk-factors. RESULTS Out of a total of 225 respondents, 94.2% (n = 212) males and 5.8% (n = 13) females, the prevalence of Behavioural Problems among working children was found to be 9.8%. Peer problems were most prevalent (16.9%) seconded by Conduct problems (16.7%). Adverse family environment and work environment were closely associated with Behavioural Problems in these children. CONCLUSION Our study reinforces the need for measures to improve the environment of the children and prevent the psychological and behavioural problems associated with working children. Gradual, long-term policies are required to decrease the need for working children, though sudden abolishment would cause more detrimental effects.
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