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Wagatsuma K, Saito R, Yoshioka S, Yamazaki S, Sato R, Iwaya M, Takahashi Y, Chon I, Naito M, Watanabe H. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody after the second and third mRNA vaccinations in staff and residents in a nursing home with a previous COVID-19 outbreak in Niigata, Japan. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:164-168. [PMID: 37739181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This study measured IgG antibody titers against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination and after the second and third doses of an mRNA vaccine in staff and residents of a nursing home in Niigata, Japan. The study included 52 staff members, of whom six (11.5%) were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 32 older residents, of whom 22 (68.8%) were previously infected. All participants received the first two doses in April-July 2021 and a third dose in January-March 2022. In staff, the median anti-S antibody titers (interquartile range) in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals before vaccination were 960 (592-1,926) and 0.5 (0.0-2.1) arbitrary units (AU)/mL. Anti-S antibody titers 5 months after the second and third doses in previously infected staff were 7,391 (5,230-7,747) and 10,195 (5,582-13,886) AU. In residents, the median anti-S antibody titers in previously infected and naïve individuals before vaccination were 734 (425-1,934) and 1.1 (0.0-3.1) AU/mL. Anti-S antibody titers at 5 months after the second and third doses in previously infected residents were 15,872 (9,683-21,557) and 13,813 (6,689-20,839) AU/mL; however, there were no significant differences in titers between the second and third doses in previously infected residents. Anti-N antibody titers were higher in previously infected than naïve individuals, and titers decreased chronologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshioka
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masako Iwaya
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hisami Watanabe
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Yoshioka S, Phyu WW, Wagatsuma K, Nagai T, Sano Y, Taniguchi K, Nagata N, Tomimoto K, Sato I, Kaji H, Sugata K, Sugiura K, Saito N, Aoki S, Suzuki E, Shimada Y, Hamabata H, Chon I, Otoguro T, Watanabe H, Saito R. Molecular Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus during 2019-2022 and Surviving Genotypes after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. Viruses 2023; 15:2382. [PMID: 38140623 PMCID: PMC10748361 DOI: 10.3390/v15122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the changes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) collected between 2019 and 2022, we analyzed RSV-A and RSV-B strains from various prefectures in Japan before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. RT-PCR-positive samples collected from children with rapid test positivity at outpatient clinics in 11 prefectures in Japan were sequenced for the ectodomain of the G gene to determine the genotype. Time-aware phylogeographic analyses were performed using the second hypervariable region (HVR) of the G gene from 2012 to 2022. Of 967 samples, 739 (76.4%) were found to be RSV-positive using RT-PCR. RSV peaked in September 2019 but was not detected in 2020, except in Okinawa. Nationwide epidemics occurred with peaks in July 2021 and 2022. The genotype remained the same, ON1 for RSV-A and BA9 for RSV-B during 2019-2022. Phylogeographic analysis of HVR revealed that at least seven clusters of RSV-A had circulated previously but decreased to two clusters after the pandemic, whereas RSV-B had a single monophyletic cluster over the 10 years. Both RSV-A and RSV-B were transferred from Okinawa into other prefectures after the pandemic. The RSV epidemic was suppressed due to pandemic restrictions; however, pre-pandemic genotypes spread nationwide after the pandemic.
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Grants
- not available Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 18K10043 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K10414 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 15fm0108009h0001-19fm0108009h005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 20wm0125005h001-23wm0125005h004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- H24-Shinkou-Ippan-014 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Sciences, Japan
- H27- Shinkougyousei-Shitei-001 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Sciences, Japan
- H30-Shinkougyousei-Shitei-004 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Sciences, Japan
- not available Niigata Prefectural Medical Association Grant
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yoshioka
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (S.Y.); (W.W.P.); (K.W.); (I.C.)
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (S.Y.); (W.W.P.); (K.W.); (I.C.)
- University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (S.Y.); (W.W.P.); (K.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Takao Nagai
- Nagai Pediatric Clinic, Takamatsu 760-0002, Japan;
| | | | | | - Nobuo Nagata
- Hiraoka-Kouen Pediatric Clinic, Sapporo 004-0872, Japan;
| | | | - Isamu Sato
- Yoiko Pediatric Clinic Sato, Niigata 950-0983, Japan;
| | | | - Ken Sugata
- Mie National Hospital, Tsu 514-0125, Japan; (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Naruo Saito
- Saito Pediatric Clinic, Moriyama 524-0022, Japan;
| | | | | | | | | | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (S.Y.); (W.W.P.); (K.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Teruhime Otoguro
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (S.Y.); (W.W.P.); (K.W.); (I.C.)
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.W.)
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Tachikawa J, Aizawa Y, Kobayashi T, Ikuse T, Kamata K, Win SMK, Di Ja L, Thein KN, Win NC, Thida A, Tun A, Suzuki Y, Ito A, Osada H, Chon I, Phyu WW, Ota T, Kyaw Y, Tin HH, Watanabe K, Shobugawa Y, Watanabe H, Saito R, Saitoh A. Detection of parechovirus-A in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection in Myanmar, 2017-2018. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28964. [PMID: 37464903 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Parechovirus-A (PeV-A) causes emerging infection in children, and clinical presentation depends on genotype. The virus has been investigated mainly in developed countries; however, data from developing countries, especially in Asia, are sparse. This study investigated whether PeV-A circulated in children in Myanmar. This retrospective study evaluated PeV-A in nasopharyngeal samples from children aged 1 month to 12 years who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection at Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar, during the period from May 2017 to April 2019. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect PeV-A, and PCR-positive samples were used for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. In total, 11/570 (1.9%) of samples were positive for PeV-A; 7 were successfully genotyped by sequencing the VP3/VP1 region, as follows: PeV-A1 (n = 4), PeV-A5 (n = 1), PeV-A6 (n = 1), and PeV-A14 (n = 1). Median age was 10.0 months (interquartile range 4.0-12.0 months), and other respiratory viruses were detected in all cases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all detected PeV-A1 strains were in clade 1 A, which was a minor clade worldwide. Four PeV-A genotypes were detected in Myanmar. The clinical impact of PeV-A in children should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tachikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamata
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aye Thida
- University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Osada
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ota
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Kanako Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Department of Active Ageing, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Li J, Wagatsuma K, Sun Y, Sato I, Kawashima T, Saito T, Shimada Y, Ono Y, Kakuya F, Nagata N, Minato M, Kodo N, Suzuki E, Kitano A, Tanaka T, Aoki S, Chon I, Phyu WW, Watanabe H, Saito R. Factors associated with viral RNA shedding and evaluation of potential viral infectivity at returning to school in influenza outpatients after treatment with baloxavir marboxil and neuraminidase inhibitors during 2013/2014-2019/2020 seasons in Japan: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:188. [PMID: 36991360 PMCID: PMC10054210 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the differences in daily virus reduction and the residual infectivity after the recommended home stay period in Japan in patients infected with influenza and treated with baloxavir (BA), laninamivir (LA), oseltamivir (OS), and zanamivir (ZA). METHODS We conducted an observational study on children and adults at 13 outpatient clinics in 11 prefectures in Japan during seven influenza seasons from 2013/2014 to 2019/2020. Virus samples were collected twice from influenza rapid test-positive patients at the first and second visit 4-5 days after the start of treatment. The viral RNA shedding was quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) variant viruses that reduce susceptibility to NA inhibitors and BA, respectively, were screened using RT-PCR and genetic sequencing. Daily estimated viral reduction was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses for the factors such as age, treatment, vaccination status, or the emergence of PA or NA variants. The potential infectivity of the viral RNA shedding at the second visit samples was determined using the Receiver Operator Curve based on the positivity of virus isolation. RESULTS Among 518 patients, 465 (80.0%) and 116 (20.0%) were infected with influenza A (189 with BA, 58 with LA, 181 with OS, 37 with ZA) and influenza B (39 with BA, 10 with LA, 52 with OS, 15 with ZA). The emergence of 21 PA variants in influenza A was detected after BA treatment, but NA variants were not detected after NAIs treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the daily viral RNA shedding reduction in patients was slower in the two NAIs (OS and LA) than in BA, influenza B infection, aged 0-5 years, or the emergence of PA variants. The residual viral RNA shedding potentially infectious was detected in approximately 10-30% of the patients aged 6-18 years after five days of onset. CONCLUSIONS Viral clearance differed by age, type of influenza, choice of treatment, and susceptibility to BA. Additionally, the recommended homestay period in Japan seemed insufficient, but reduced viral spread to some extent since most school-age patients became non-infectious after 5 days of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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5
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Chon I, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Aye MM, Setk S, Phyu WW, Wagatsuma K, Li J, Sun Y, Otoguro T, Win SMK, Yoshioka S, Win NC, Ja LD, Tin HH, Watanabe H. Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020583. [PMID: 36851797 PMCID: PMC9964416 DOI: 10.3390/v15020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples were screened by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and 30 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B underwent further typing/subtyping for cycle threshold (Ct) value determination based on cycling probe RT-PCR. The majority of subtyped samples (n = 13) were influenza A(H3N2), while only three were B/Victoria. Clinical samples with low Ct values obtained by RT-PCR were used for whole-genome sequencing via next-generation sequencing technology. All collected viruses were distinct from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains of the corresponding season but matched with vaccines of the following season. Influenza A(H3N2) strains from Myanmar belonged to clade 2a.3 and shared the highest genetic proximity with Bahraini strains. B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade V1A.3a.2 and were genetically similar to Bangladeshi strains. This study highlights the importance of performing influenza virus surveillance with genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar, to contribute to global influenza surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2129
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, Myanmar
| | - Moe Myat Aye
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Swe Setk
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jiaming Li
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhime Otoguro
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Sayaka Yoshioka
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Phyu WW, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Lin N, Win SMK, Win NC, Ja LD, Htwe KTZ, Aung TZ, Tin HH, Pe EH, Chon I, Wagatsuma K, Watanabe H. Evolutionary Dynamics of Whole-Genome Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112414. [PMID: 36366512 PMCID: PMC9699102 DOI: 10.3390/v14112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of the influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019. Whole genomes from 79 virus isolates were amplified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and successfully sequenced using the Illumina iSeq100 platforms. Eight individual phylogenetic trees were retrieved for each segment along with those of the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains for the respective years. Based on the WHO clades classification, the A/H3N2 strains in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 collectively belonged to clade 3c.2. These strains were further defined based on hemagglutinin substitutions as follows: clade 3C.2a (n = 39), 3C.2a1 (n = 2), and 3C.2a1b (n = 38). Genetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains differed from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains each year, indicating that the vaccine strains did not match the circulating strains. The highest rates of nucleotide substitution were estimated for hemagglutinin (3.37 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year) and neuraminidase (2.89 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). The lowest rate was for non-structural protein segments (4.19 × 10-5 substitutions/site/year). The substantial genetic diversity that was revealed improved phylogenetic classification. This information will be particularly relevant for improving vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2129
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, ThingangyunSanpya General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, Myanmar
| | - Nay Lin
- Microbiology Section, (200) Bedded Pyinmana General Hospital, Naypyitaw 150-31, Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Khin Thu Zar Htwe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Mandalay 050-21, Myanmar
| | - Thin Zar Aung
- Microbiology Section, Mandalay General Hospital, Mandalay 050-31, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Eh Htoo Pe
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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7
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Wagatsuma K, Saito R, Chon I, Phyu WW, Fujio K, Kawashima T, Sato I, Saito T, Minato M, Kodo N, Suzuki E, Ono Y, Masaki H, Shirahige Y, Kitano A, Hamabata H, Yuyang S, Jiaming L, Watanabe H. Duration of fever and symptoms in influenza-infected children treated with baloxavir marboxil during the 2019–2020 season in Japan and detection of influenza virus with the PA E23K substitution. Antiviral Res 2022; 201:105310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Kamata K, Thein KN, Di Ja L, Win NC, Win SMK, Suzuki Y, Ito A, Osada H, Chon I, Phyu WW, Aizawa Y, Ikuse T, Ota T, Kyaw Y, Tin HH, Shobugawa Y, Watanabe H, Saito R, Saitoh A. Clinical manifestations and outcome of viral acute lower respiratory infection in hospitalised children in Myanmar. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:350. [PMID: 35395744 PMCID: PMC8992414 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading cause of death in children worldwide, and viruses have been the major cause of ALRI. In Myanmar, ALRI is associated with high morbidity and mortality in children, and detailed information on ALRI is currently lacking. Methods This prospective study investigated the viral aetiologies, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of ALRI in hospitalised children aged 1 month to 12 years at the Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar from May 2017 to April 2019. The sample size was set to 300 patients for each year. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for the patients with suspected viral ALRI; one for rapid tests for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the other for real-time PCR for the 16 ALRI-causing viruses. Pneumococcal colonization rates were also investigated using real-time PCR. Clinical information was extracted from the medical records, and enrolled patients were categorised by age and severity for comparison. Results Among the 5463 patients admitted with a diagnosis of ALRI, 570 (10.4%) were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients was 8 months (interquartile range, 4–15 months). The most common symptoms were cough (93%) and difficulty in breathing (73%), while the most common signs of ALRI were tachypnoea (78%) and chest indrawing (67%). A total of 16 viruses were detected in 502 of 570 patients’ samples (88%), with RSV B (36%) and rhinovirus (28%) being the most commonly detected. Multiple viruses were detected in 221 of 570 samples (37%) collected from 570 patients. Severe ALRI was diagnosed in 107 of 570 patients (19%), and RSV B and human rhinovirus were commonly detected. The mortality rate was 5%; influenza virus A (29%) and RSV B (21%) were commonly detected, and stunting and lack of immunization were frequently observed in such cases. Additionally, 45% (259/570) of the patients had pneumococcal colonization. Conclusions Viral ALRI in hospitalised children with a median of 8 months has significant morbidity and mortality rates in Myanmar. RSV and rhinovirus were the most commonly detected from nasopharyngeal swabs, while influenza virus and RSV were the most frequently associated with fatal cases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07342-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kamata
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar.,Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | | | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Osada
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar.,Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ota
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- Department of Medical Services, National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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9
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Saito R, Osada H, Wagatsuma K, Chon I, Sato I, Kawashima T, Saito T, Kodo N, Ono Y, Shimada Y, Phyu W, Shobugawa Y. Duration of fever and symptoms in children after treatment with baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir during the 2018–2019 season and detection of variant influenza a viruses with polymerase acidic subunit substitutions. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Kyaw Win SM, Saito R, Win NC, Lasham DJ, Kyaw Y, Lin N, Thein KN, Chon I, Odagiri T, Thein W, Kyaw LL, Tin OS, Saitoh A, Tamura T, Hirokawa C, Uchida Y, Saito T, Watanabe S, Odagiri T, Kamata K, Osada H, Dapat C, Watanabe H, Tin HH. Epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 analyzed by full genome sequences and the first case of oseltamivir-resistant strain in Myanmar 2017. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229601. [PMID: 32130243 PMCID: PMC7055873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A community outbreak of human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains was observed in Myanmar in 2017. We investigated the circulation patterns, antigenicity, and drug resistance of 2017 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from Myanmar and characterized the full genome of influenza virus strains in Myanmar from in-patients and out-patients to assess the pathogenicity of the viruses. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from out-patients and in-patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Yangon and Pyinmana City in Myanmar during January-December 2017. A total of 215 out-patients and 18 in-patients infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 were detected by virus isolation and real-time RT-PCR. Among the positive patients, 90.6% were less than 14 years old. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Myanmar were similar to the recommended Japanese influenza vaccine strain for 2017–2018 seasons (A/Singapore/GP1908/2015) and WHO recommended 2017 southern hemisphere vaccine component (A/Michigan/45/2015). Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin sequence showed that the Myanmar strains belonged to the genetic subclade 6B.1, possessing mutations of S162N and S164T at potential antigenic sites. However, the amino acid mutation at position 222, which may enhance the severity of disease and mortality, was not found. One case with no prior history of oseltamivir treatment possessed H275Y mutated virus in neuraminidase (NA), which confers resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir with elevated IC50 values. The full genome sequence of Myanmar strains showed no difference between samples from in-patients and out-patients, suggesting no additional viral mutations associated with patient severity. Several amino acid changes were observed in PB2, PB1, and M2 of Myanmar strains when compared to the vaccine strain and other Asian strains. However, no mutations associated with pathogenicity were found in the Myanmar strains, suggesting that viral factors cannot explain the underlying reasons of the massive outbreak in Myanmar. This study reported the first detection of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus in Myanmar, highlighting the importance of continuous antiviral monitoring and genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Reiko Saito
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar.,Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Di Ja Lasham
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Nay Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology Section, Pyinmana General Hospital, Pyinmana Township, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Khin Nyo Thein
- Pediatric Ward 1, Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious diseases and Immunology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Win Thein
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Latt Latt Kyaw
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Ommar Swe Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamura
- Division of Virology, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chika Hirokawa
- Division of Virology, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamata
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar.,Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Osada
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar.,Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar.,Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
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11
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Chon I, Saito R, Hibino A, Yagami R, Dapat C, Odagiri T, Kondo H, Sato I, Kimura S, Kawashima T, Kodo N, Masaki H, Asoh N, Tsuchihashi Y, Zaraket H, Shobugawa Y. Effectiveness of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Japan during the 2015-2016 season: A test-negative case-control study comparing the results by real time PCR, virus isolation. Vaccine X 2019; 1:100011. [PMID: 31384733 PMCID: PMC6668230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2015–2016 season against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza, when quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4) was first introduced in Japan, using test-negative case-control design. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cocirculated with B/Yamagata and B/Victoria during the study period in Japan. Method We based our case definition on two laboratory tests, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR), and virus isolation and compared VEs based on these tests. In addition, VE was evaluated by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients who visited clinics with influenza-like illness (ILIs) in Hokkaido, Niigata, Gunma and Nagasaki prefectures. Results Among 713 children and adults enrolled in this study, 578 were influenza positive by RT PCR including, 392 influenza A and 186 influenza B, while 135 were tested negative controls. The adjusted VE by RT PCR for all ages against any influenza was low protection of 36.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1% to 58.6%), for influenza A was 30.0% (95% CI: −10.0% to 55.5%), and influenza B was moderate 50.2% (95% CI: 13.3% to 71.4%). Adjusted VE for virus isolation for A(H1N1)pdm09 was 37.1% (95% CI: 1.7% to 59.7%), Yamagata lineage 51.3% (95% CI: 6.4% to 74.7%) and Victoria lineage 21.3% (95% CI: −50.0% to 58.9%). VE was highest and protective in 0–5 years old group against any influenza and influenza A and B/Yamagata, but the protective effect was not observed for other age groups and B/Victoria. RDT demonstrated concordant results with RT PCR and virus isolation. Sequencing of hemagglutinin gene showed that all A(H1N1)pdm09 belong to clade 6B including 31 strains (88.6%), which belong to clade 6B.1 possessing S162N mutations that may alter antigenicity and affect VE for A(H1N1)pdm09. Conclusions IIV4 influenza vaccine during 2015–2016 was effective against A(H1N1)pdm09 and the two lineages of type B. Younger children was more protected than older children and adults by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hibino
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ren Yagami
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isamu Sato
- Yoiko-no-Syounika Sato Pediatric Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinji Kimura
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Zaraket
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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