An Update on the Potential of Tangeretin in the Management of Neuroinflammation-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neuroinflammation is the major cause of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Currently available drugs present relatively low efficacy and are not capable of modifying the course of the disease or delaying its progression. Identifying well-tolerated and brain-penetrant agents of plant origin could fulfil the pressing need for novel treatment techniques for neuroinflammation. Attention has been drawn to a large family of flavonoids in citrus fruits, which may function as strong nutraceuticals in slowing down the development and progression of neuroinflammation. This review is aimed at elucidating and summarizing the effects of the flavonoid tangeretin (TAN) in the management of neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. A literature survey was performed using various resources, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, and Web of Science. The data revealed that TAN exhibited immense neuroprotective effects in addition to its anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonistic effects. The effects of TAN are mainly mediated through the inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory pathways via regulating multiple signaling pathways, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and CRE-dependent transcription. In conclusion, the citrus flavonoid TAN has the potential to prevent neuronal death mediated by neuroinflammatory pathways and can be developed as an auxiliary therapeutic agent in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.

Psoriasis and skin cancer - Is there a link?

A chronic auto-immune-mediated disease Psoriasis is associated with manycoexisting or co-occurringconditions, which include a significant risk of malignancies, especiallyskin tumours. Numerous studies were done to understand whether psoriasis itself, comorbidities related to psoriasis, or psoriasis treatment might increase the risk of neoplasms. We reviewed the relation between psoriasis and cancer risk, also the significance of inflammation in cancer The various classes of drugs used to treat psoriasis, including biologics like tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors; and how they increase cancer risk are deliberated. Literature was collated for the past five years from the data bases like PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, etc. Literatures discussing the skin cancer linked to psoriasis were reviewed. Possible mechanisms associated between inflammation and psoriasis; skin cancer was explained in the context of the several psoriasis medications that increase the likelihood of skin cancer. The risk of cancer in other cutaneous auto-inflammatory diseases is also elucidated. It is frequently observed that increased doses of PUVA therapy, immunosuppressive medications, and lifestyle changes alter the aetiology of the tumours. This review is conceptualized to shed the light on probable mechanisms involved in these connections as well as the chance of cancer in psoriasis patients.

Abstract P3025: Prevalence Of Distinct Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities Among STEMI Patients Of North Indian Origin

Background: Causal mechanisms and specific consequences of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are unknown. We compared the EF of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with the regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA).

Methods: 2D ECHO data in STEMI patients (n=217) was analyzed for HF with reduced systolic dysfunction (HFrEF), HFpEF, and RWMA. Inclusion: Patients with ≥50% stenosis and hypertension. Exclusion: S epticemia and malignancy patients.

Results: Among 217 STEMI subjects, n=102 had either preserved or significantly increased ejection fraction (45-65%), indicating that >47% of them were devoid of systolic dysfunction. The other two major groups were the subjects with moderately abnormal systolic dysfunction (HF r EF; EF >31-42%) and severely abnormal dysfunction (HF r EF; EF <30%). Over 50% of the subjects with HF p EF had basal-septum and inferior wall motion abnormalities, while the rest had apical septum, LAD territory and posterior wall impairments. Four patients displayed signs of mid-septal and anterior wall issues. While most of the HFrEF patients displayed wall motion defects in multiple regions, <10 patients showed anterior wall motion abnormality. Severe HFrEF subjects (n=12) displayed global (all regions) motion defects, which contributes to end-stage heart disease. The RWMA seem to be unique for HFrEF and HFpEF among the STEMI patients.

Conclusion: Results indicate that STEMI patients could be sub-grouped into both HF r EF and HF p EF. Further investigation into region-specific rate of remodeling, effect of lifestyle, food habits and pharmacological interventions will aid in improving clinical outcomes.

0104 The Effect of Time, Sleep, and Wake on Motor Memory Consolidation: A Partial Replication of Walker, Et Al. (2002)

Introduction

Findings from Walker, et al (2002) ‘Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect: Sleep-Dependent Motor Skill Learning’ demonstrate that performance on a widely used motor memory task (motor sequence task (MST)) benefits from a 12hr period of sleep (and not wake) even if the sleep period does not occur for approximately 12hrs after task acquisition, suggesting that sleep is crucial for motor memory consolidation. Using a larger sample, we attempted to replicate this finding, which is derived from Groups B & D from Walker et al (2002).

Methods

Participants (64 medical students: Age 21.2±0.8; N=33 females) were trained on the MST in the morning (10am; N=40) or evening (10pm; N=24) and then returned 12 and 24hrs later to be retested. The MST is a simple typing task that requires participants, at training, to type a 5-digit sequence (e.g., 4-1-3-2-4) as fast and accurately as possible over a series of 12 30-second trials with a 30-second break between each trial. At each retest, participants performed three 30-second trials.

Results

With 75% of the data collected we have found that when sleep follows training in the evening (first 12hr interval), the number of correctly typed sequences increased by 19.1% (cf. 20.5% in Walker (2002)). After a subsequent day of wake (second 12hr interval) performance increased by an additional 7.3% (cf. 2.0%). However, when a day of wake spanned the first 12hrs following training, performance increased by 14.5% (cf. 3.9%) followed by another 14.5% increase over the subsequent night (cf. 14.4%). Performance differences between sleep and wake participants were nonsignificant over the first 12hrs (p=0.38) and second 12hrs (p=0.49).

Conclusion

With most of data collection complete, our findings only partially replicate those of Walker et al (2002), and may draw into question the robustness of sleep for the processing motor memory.

Support

None

Erratum to: The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-017-0141-6.].

Erratum to: Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y.].

Erratum to: 2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5.].

2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

Acute calculus cholecystitis is a very common disease with several area of uncertainty. The World Society of Emergency Surgery developed extensive guidelines in order to cover grey areas. The diagnostic criteria, the antimicrobial therapy, the evaluation of associated common bile duct stones, the identification of “high risk” patients, the surgical timing, the type of surgery, and the alternatives to surgery are discussed. Moreover the algorithm is proposed: as soon as diagnosis is made and after the evaluation of choledocholitiasis risk, laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be offered to all patients exception of those with high risk of morbidity or mortality. These Guidelines must be considered as an adjunctive tool for decision but they are not substitute of the clinical judgement for the individual patient.

Cystic Hygroma of Wrist

Cystic hygroma is the rare congenital lesion. This is a cystic variety of lymphangioma. Cystic hygroma arising outside of the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal areas are extremely rare. Wrist is a very rare site for occurrence of cystic hygroma. Presentation depends on site of location of cystic hygroma. A case of cystic hygroma of wrist in a child is reported. This child presented with painless swelling of left wrist. Excision of cyst was done. This is first case report of literature reporting occurrence of cystic hygroma on wrist. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2012;32(2):166-168 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5465

Female Epispadiasis: A Case report

Isolated female epispadias without exstrophy is rare to see. It is often overlooked cause of incontinence in a female child. A case of isolated female epispadias without exstrophy in an 11-year-old girl who presented with primary urinary incontinence since birth is reported. She had never had a genitalia examination done by any treating clinician. On examination, she had a bifid clitoris and ill developed labia minora. Voiding cystourethrogram showed small sized bladder with no reflux. Bladder neck reconstruction was done transvesically, with tubularisation of urethra. The case report reflects the importance of physical examination in primary incontinence which can make an early diagnosis and treatment and prevent stigmata of incontinence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4415 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2011;31(3): 244-246

Peritoneal hydatidosis in a young girl

We report a case of peritoneal hydatidosis that occurred post laparotomy. Patient was diagnosed nine months after she had laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis. The whole peritoneal cavity was studded with cysts. In view of diffuse involvement, patient was managed conservatively and showed response to medical therapy.