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Bello-Perez M, Hurtado-Tamayo J, Mykytyn AZ, Lamers MM, Requena-Platek R, Schipper D, Muñoz-Santos D, Ripoll-Gómez J, Esteban A, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Enjuanes L, Haagmans BL, Sola I. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory protein is a virulence factor. mBio 2023; 14:e0045123. [PMID: 37623322 PMCID: PMC10653805 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00451-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The relevance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ORF8 in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear. Virus natural isolates with deletions in ORF8 were associated with wild milder disease, suggesting that ORF8 might contribute to SARS-CoV-2 virulence. This manuscript shows that ORF8 is involved in inflammation and in the activation of macrophages in two experimental systems: humanized K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and organoid-derived human airway cells. These results identify ORF8 protein as a potential target for COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bello-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Hurtado-Tamayo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Z. Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. M. Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. Requena-Platek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Schipper
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D. Muñoz-Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Ripoll-Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Center (CISA), National Institute of Research, Agricultural and Food Technology, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - L. Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. L. Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Gutiérrez-Álvarez J, Honrubia JM, Sanz-Bravo A, González-Miranda E, Fernández-Delgado R, Rejas MT, Zúñiga S, Sola I, Enjuanes L. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a propagation-defective RNA replicon elicited sterilizing immunity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2111075118. [PMID: 34686605 PMCID: PMC8639359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111075118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA replicons are promising platforms for vaccine generation. Their defects in one or more essential functions for viral replication, particle assembly, or dissemination make them highly safe as vaccines. We previously showed that the deletion of the envelope (E) gene from the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) produces a replication-competent propagation-defective RNA replicon (MERS-CoV-ΔE). Evaluation of this replicon in mice expressing human dipeptidyl peptidase 4, the virus receptor, showed that the single deletion of the E gene generated an attenuated mutant. The combined deletion of the E gene with accessory open reading frames (ORFs) 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 resulted in a highly attenuated propagation-defective RNA replicon (MERS-CoV-Δ[3,4a,4b,5,E]). This RNA replicon induced sterilizing immunity in mice after challenge with a lethal dose of a virulent MERS-CoV, as no histopathological damage or infectious virus was detected in the lungs of challenged mice. The four mutants lacking the E gene were genetically stable, did not recombine with the E gene provided in trans during their passage in cell culture, and showed a propagation-defective phenotype in vivo. In addition, immunization with MERS-CoV-Δ[3,4a,4b,5,E] induced significant levels of neutralizing antibodies, indicating that MERS-CoV RNA replicons are highly safe and promising vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Defective Viruses/genetics
- Defective Viruses/immunology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, env
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
- RNA, Viral/administration & dosage
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Replicon
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virulence/genetics
- Virulence/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gutiérrez-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Honrubia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz-Bravo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E González-Miranda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Rejas
- Electron Microscopy Service, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - S Zúñiga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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3
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Balakrishnan I, Danis E, Pierce A, Madhavan K, Wang D, Dahl N, Bridget S, Birks DK, Davidson N, Metselaar DS, Neel H, Donson A, Griesinger A, Katagi H, Vijmasi T, Sola I, Alimova I, Fosmire S, Hulleman E, Serkova NJ, Hashizume R, Hawkins C, Carcaboso AM, Gupta N, Jones K, Foreman N, Green A, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S. DIPG-73. SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE AS A MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE AND THERAPEUTIC VULNERABILITY IN BMI1 INHIBITOR TREATED DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715943 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) driven by mutations in the histone 3 (H3) gene (H3K27M) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors for which there is no curative therapy. METHODS To identify novel therapeutic targets we performed a high throughput drug screen combined with an epigenetically targeted RNAi screen using H3K27M and H3.3 WT DIPG cells. RESULTS Chemical and genetic depletion of BMI1 in vitro resulted in inhibition of clonogenicity and cell self-renewal consistent with previous studies. We show for the first time that clinically relevant BMI1 inhibitors attenuates growth of orthotopic DIPG xenografts as measured by MRI and prolong survival in vivo. We found that BMI1 inhibition drives phenotypic cellular senescence and that the senescent cells were able reactivate to form new neurospheres in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. RNA-seq, ChIP-Seq and immuno-proteomic analysis revealed that the senescent cells induced the expression of the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) cytokines by increasing occupancy of activated histone marks at SASP factor promoters. The SASP results in increased expression of anti-apoptotic BH3 proteins including BCLxl, and BCL2. Treatment of the PTC028 treated senescent DIPG cells with BH3 mimetics induces apoptosis and clears the senescent cells. Combining BH3 mimetics with BMI1 inhibition attenuates tumor growth in vivo synergistically and significantly prolongs survival of DIPG bearing mice compared to BMI1 inhibition alone. CONCLUSION These data inform the current trial of BMI1 inhibition as a monotherapy and predict the need for adding BH3 mimetics to achieve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilango Balakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Dahl
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanford Bridget
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diane K Birks
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nate Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis S Metselaar
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands and Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Neel
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands and Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Donson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katagi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Trinka Vijmasi
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ismail Sola
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands and Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Anesthesiology, Colorado Animal Imaging Shared Resource (AISR), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ken Jones
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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4
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Balakrishnan I, Danis E, Pierce A, Madhavan K, Wang D, Dahl N, Sanford B, Birks DK, Davidson N, Metselaar DS, Meel MH, Lemma R, Donson A, Vijmasi T, Katagi H, Sola I, Fosmire S, Alimova I, Steiner J, Gilani A, Hulleman E, Serkova NJ, Hashizume R, Hawkins C, Carcaboso AM, Gupta N, Monje M, Jabado N, Jones K, Foreman N, Green A, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S. Senescence Induced by BMI1 Inhibition Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in H3K27M-Mutant DIPG. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108286. [PMID: 33086074 PMCID: PMC7574900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable brain tumor of childhood characterized by histone mutations at lysine 27, which results in epigenomic dysregulation. There has been a failure to develop effective treatment for this tumor. Using a combined RNAi and chemical screen targeting epigenomic regulators, we identify the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) component BMI1 as a critical factor for DIPG tumor maintenance in vivo. BMI1 chromatin occupancy is enriched at genes associated with differentiation and tumor suppressors in DIPG cells. Inhibition of BMI1 decreases cell self-renewal and attenuates tumor growth due to induction of senescence. Prolonged BMI1 inhibition induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which promotes tumor recurrence. Clearance of senescent cells using BH3 protein mimetics co-operates with BMI1 inhibition to enhance tumor cell killing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilango Balakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Dahl
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diane K Birks
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nate Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis S Metselaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël Hananja Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rakeb Lemma
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Donson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trinka Vijmasi
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katagi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ismail Sola
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna Steiner
- Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Anesthesiology, Colorado Animal Imaging Shared Resource (AISR), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Anesthesiology, Colorado Animal Imaging Shared Resource (AISR), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Sola I, Fosmire S, Venkataraman S, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Pierce A, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R. MEDU-19. EZH2-REGULATED INHIBITION OF HIPK2 SUPPRESSES TREATMENT-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sola
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Fosmire
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Diane Birks
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Veo B, Danis E, Pierce A, Sola I, Wang D, Foreman NK, Jin J, Ma A, Serkova N, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R. Combined functional genomic and chemical screens identify SETD8 as a therapeutic target in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122933. [PMID: 30626740 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor in children, accounting for 20% of all childhood brain tumors. The molecular profiling of MB into 4 major subgroups (WNT, SHH, Grp3, and Grp4) emphasizes the heterogeneity of MB and opens paths in which treatments may be targeted to molecularly aggressive and distinct tumors. Current therapeutic strategies for Group 3 MB are challenging and can be accompanied by long-term side effects from treatment. The involvement of altered epigenetic machinery in neoplastic transformation in MB has become more evident. Thus, we performed an epigenomic RNAi and chemical screen and identified SETD8/PRE-SET7/KMT5a as a critical player in maintaining proliferation and cell survival of MB cells. We have found that inhibition of SETD8 effects the migration/invasive ability of MB cells. SETD8 alters H4K20me chromatin occupancy at key genes involved in tumor invasiveness and pluripotency. Interestingly, these results link the aggressive and metastatic behavior of MYC-driven MB with SETD8 activity. Based on our results, we suggest that SETD8 has a critical role mediating Group 3 MB tumorigenesis. Establishing a role for SETD8 as a factor in MYC-driven MB has potential to lead to more effective therapies needed to improve outcomes in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Veo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ismail Sola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anqi Ma
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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7
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Veo B, Venkataraman S, Pierce A, Sola I, Foreman N, Vibhakar R. MBRS-11. THE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR, SETD8, FACILITATES SELF-RENEWAL AND INVASION IN MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Veo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ismail Sola
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Foreman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Sola I, Venkataraman S, Pierce A, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R. MBRS-22. EZH2 OVEREXPRESSION INCREASES THE ONCOGENIC CHARACTER OF CEREBELLAR PROGENITORS AND ISOGRAFTS IN MICE RESULT IN TUMORS RESEMBLING GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sola
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Angela Pierce
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Diane Birks
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Moreno-Artero E, Querol E, Ivars M, Sola I, Pío R, España A. Assessment of EGF receptor ligand expression in gastric carcinoma and in lesional skin of paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:e301-e302. [PMID: 27987313 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Moreno-Artero
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, PO Box 4209, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - E Querol
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, PO Box 4209, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - M Ivars
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, PO Box 4209, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - I Sola
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra, Spain
| | - R Pío
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers - CIMA (Center for Applied Medical Research), University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra, Spain
| | - A España
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, PO Box 4209, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Virus vaccines have to be immunogenic, sufficiently stable, safe, and suitable to induce long-lasting immunity. To meet these requirements, vaccine studies need to provide a comprehensive understanding of (i) the protective roles of antiviral B and T-cell-mediated immune responses, (ii) the complexity and plasticity of major viral antigens, and (iii) virus molecular biology and pathogenesis. There are many types of vaccines including subunit vaccines, whole-inactivated virus, vectored, and live-attenuated virus vaccines, each of which featuring specific advantages and limitations. While nonliving virus vaccines have clear advantages in being safe and stable, they may cause side effects and be less efficacious compared to live-attenuated virus vaccines. In most cases, the latter induce long-lasting immunity but they may require special safety measures to prevent reversion to highly virulent viruses following vaccination. The chapter summarizes the recent progress in the development of coronavirus (CoV) vaccines, focusing on two zoonotic CoVs, the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV, both of which cause deadly disease and epidemics in humans. The development of attenuated virus vaccines to combat infections caused by highly pathogenic CoVs was largely based on the identification and characterization of viral virulence proteins that, for example, interfere with the innate and adaptive immune response or are involved in interactions with specific cell types, such as macrophages, dendritic and epithelial cells, and T lymphocytes, thereby modulating antiviral host responses and viral pathogenesis and potentially resulting in deleterious side effects following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Zuñiga
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Castaño-Rodriguez
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gutierrez-Alvarez
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Canton
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sola
- National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Sola I, Venktaraman S, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Foreman N, Vibhakar R. MB-72THE ROLE OF EZH2 IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now076.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Fernández Conejo G, De la Peña E, Sola I, Stanescu RI, Llorente C. Diagnosis challenge of atypical spindle cells neoplasm of the spermatic cord. ARCH ESP UROL 2016; 69:38-40. [PMID: 26856737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of softtissue neoplasm and to review the literature on this type of tumour. METHODS We report an accidentally found tumour closely related to the spermatic cord that was diagnosed in a 70 year-old man when he was being operated on for an inguinal hernia repair. RESULTS After thorough analysis by experienced pathologists it was not possible to determine the nature of the tumour that was removed at surgery. CONCLUSIONS Soft tissues neoplasms of the spermatic cord may occur in an unusual way and they may be a real challenge to diagnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fernández Conejo
- Departments of Urology and Pathology. Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid. Spain
| | - E De la Peña
- Departments of Urology and Pathology. Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid. Spain
| | - I Sola
- Departments of Urology and Pathology. Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid. Spain
| | - R I Stanescu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology. Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid. Spain
| | - C Llorente
- Departments of Urology and Pathology. Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid. Spain
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13
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Herrero JI, Rotellar F, Benito A, Sola I, D'Avola D, Marti P, Zozaya G, Iñarrairaegui M, Pardo F. Is liver biopsy necessary in the evaluation of a living donor for liver transplantation? Transplant Proc 2015; 46:3082-3. [PMID: 25420828 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of liver biopsy in the evaluation of a candidate for living liver donation is controversial. Some authors suggest doing it routinely, but others do it only in selected cases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of protocol liver biopsy in the evaluation of candidates for living liver donation. METHODS Ninety potential candidates for living liver donation were evaluated. In 46 cases donation was contraindicated without the need of liver biopsy. In the remaining 44 candidates, liver biopsy was done on a protocol basis. The usefulness of protocol biopsy was compared with the use of biopsy according to the recommendations of the Vancouver Forum. RESULTS Fifteen of the 44 biopsies were indicated according to the recommendations of the Vancouver Forum. Twelve of them were normal, and 3 had liver steatosis or steatohepatitis. Of the 29 biopsies done per protocol, 28 were normal and 1 showed liver steatosis. Donation was contraindicated according to liver biopsy findings in 3 of the 15 patients with liver biopsy done according to the Vancouver Forum recommendations and in none of the 29 patients with biopsy done per protocol (P = .034). CONCLUSIONS Protocol liver biopsy has a limited utility in the evaluation of the candidates for living liver donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - F Rotellar
- Department of Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Benito
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Sola
- Department of Pathology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D D'Avola
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Marti
- Department of Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Zozaya
- Department of Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Iñarrairaegui
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Pamplona, Spain
| | - F Pardo
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Pouplana S, Espargaro A, Galdeano C, Viayna E, Sola I, Ventura S, Muñoz-Torrero D, Sabate R. Thioflavin-S staining of bacterial inclusion bodies for the fast, simple, and inexpensive screening of amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:1152-9. [PMID: 24059241 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113206660256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is linked to a large number of human disorders, from neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or spongiform encephalopathies to non-neuropathic localized diseases as type II diabetes and cataracts. Because the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs) during recombinant protein production in bacteria has been recently shown to share mechanistic features with amyloid self-assembly, bacteria have emerged as a tool to study amyloid aggregation. Herein we present a fast, simple, inexpensive and quantitative method for the screening of potential anti-aggregating drugs. This method is based on monitoring the changes in the binding of thioflavin-S to intracellular IBs in intact Eschericchia coli cells in the presence of small chemical compounds. This in vivo technique fairly recapitulates previous in vitro data. Here we mainly use the Alzheimer's related β-amyloid peptide as a model system, but the technique can be easily implemented for screening inhibitors relevant for other conformational diseases simply by changing the recombinant amyloid protein target. Indeed, we show that this methodology can be also applied to the evaluation of inhibitors of the aggregation of tau protein, another amyloidogenic protein with a key role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R Sabate
- Departament de Fisicoquimica, Facultat de Farmacia, and Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), and Laboratori de Quimica Farmaceutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmacia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Santisteban M, López Díaz de Cerio A, García Cenoz M, Martín P, Zubiri L, Sola I, Espinós J, Salgado E, Fernández Hidalgo O, Inogés S. Abstract P4-13-04: Autologous dendritic cells vaccines combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy increase total pCR in stages II-III non-overexpressing HER2 breast cancer patients and induce phenotypic changes in peripheral blood. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-13-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Based on the synergistic effect between immuno- and chemotherapy (CT), we have elaborated an autologous vaccine with dendritic cells loaded with patients´ own tumor antigens (lysate), and we have already demonstrated that the addition of the vaccines to a standard neoadjuvant CT schedule has increased total pCR (breast+ axilla) in stages II-III non-overexpressing HER2 breast cancer patients (Santisteban M, SABCS 2012). Both cohorts, the control (C) and the vaccinated (V) were well balanced related to demographic characteristics. Toxicity has been similar in both the C and the V cohorts. Moreover, we have analyzed the phenotypic changes in peripheral blood induced by the vaccine and its correlation with pathologic responses. Indeed, we have studied if the amount of lysate used to load the dendritic cells or the total dendritic cell numbers received by the patients in the first five doses (before surgery) is correlated with pCR Methods Twenty-eight patients with stage II-III HER2 negative breast cancer have started on sequential neoadjuvant CT based on dose dense antracyclines (E 100mg/m2 and C 600 mgr/m2) x4 cycles plus GM-CSF followed by taxanes (DOC 75-100 mgr/m2) x4 cycles plus vaccination. The C historic cohort was composed of thirty patients who received the same treatment except for the absence of the vaccines. Vaccine calendar was started after the 4th EC and alternated with DOC and as maintenance up to a maximum of a 2 year-period. The first 5 vaccines were administered before breast surgery. Changes in different lymphocytes populations were measured in peripheral blood of patients at different points by flow cytometry (absolute cell counts). To date, twenty-one patients have both determinations of lymphocyte subpopulations before the 1st and the 6th vaccine. Paired samples t-tests and Fisher exact were used Results pCR was superior in the V cohort (24% versus 3.3%, p = 0.04). Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in peripheral blood (cells/uL) and a stimulation of the immune system was found after the 5 vaccines schedule at the time of surgery as follows: NK (p<0.001), T cytotoxic CD8 (p = 0.018), T helper CD4 (p = 0.04), CD19 (p = 0.001), HLADRCD8 (p = 0.007), CD16CD8 (p = 0.003), HLADRCD4 (p<0.001), CD16CD4 (p = 0.008) and T regulators lymphocytes (p = 0.004). We did not find any differences among CD57CD8 (p = 0.17), CD56CD8 (p = 0.11), CD57CD4 (p = 0.45) and CD56CD4 (p = 0.65). We neither see correlation among the amount of lysate to load dendritic cells and the tpCR (p = 0.09) nor the amount of dendritic cells (summatory of 5 vaccines) administered intradermally and the pCR (p = 0.59) Conclusions Immunotherapy added to standard neoadjuvant CT could improve total pCR in stage II-III non-overexpressing HER2 breast cancer patients. After 5 doses of vaccination plus chemotherapy, we can observe phenotypic changes in peripheral blood: some immune system subpopulations increased statistically after the treatment in vaccinated patients. Neither the amount of lysate nor the number of dendritic cells used in the five first vaccines significantly correlated with the pRC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-13-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santisteban
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - A López Díaz de Cerio
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - M García Cenoz
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - P Martín
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - L Zubiri
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - I Sola
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - J Espinós
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - E Salgado
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - O Fernández Hidalgo
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - S Inogés
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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16
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Viayna E, Sola I, Di Pietro O, Munoz-Torrero D. Human Disease and Drug Pharmacology, Complex as Real Life. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:1623-34. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320130002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Dhulkotia J, Coughlan C, Li TC, Ola B, Roque M, Lattes K, Serra S, Garcia-de-Jesus S, Cantillo A, Geber S, Sampaio M, Sola I, Checa MA, Moawad A, Salah A, Abou-Ria H, Abd-Elzaher M, Madkour W, Van Vaerenbergh I, Humaidan P, Van Lommel L, Schuit F, Fatemi HM, Bourgain C, Dancet EAF, Apers S, Kluivers K, Kremer JAM, Sermeus W, Nelen WLDM, D'Hooghe TM. SESSION 46: ENDOMETRIOSIS/ENDOMETRIUM: CLINICAL STRATEGIES, EVIDENCED OUTCOMES. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Valenti V, Hernandez-Lizoaín JL, Beorlegui MC, Diaz-Gozalez JA, Regueira FM, Rodriguez JJ, Viudez A, Sola I, Cienfuegos JA. Morbidity, mortality, and pathological response in patients with gastric cancer preoperatively treated with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:124-9. [PMID: 21509785 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant tumor downstaging has been achieved in patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma by preoperative chemoradiotherapy (ChRT) or induction chemotherapy (Ch). However the influence of ChRT and Ch on postoperative outcomes has not yet been clarified, with very few studies examining this issue. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy in terms of pathological response and early postoperative complications of two protocols of preoperative ChRT and Ch for locally advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Between 2000 and 2008, 72 patients with operable locally advanced gastric cancer (cT3-4/N+) were treated with preoperative treatment: 1-patients receiving induction Ch or 2-neoadjuvant Ch followed by concurrent ChRT. Postoperative histopathological regression and surgical complications were investigated including variables related to patients, surgical variables, preoperative treatment, and tumor. RESULTS There were no differences in the incidence of complications between the ChRT and Ch groups (30.9% vs. 33.3%). The most frequent complications were nonspecific surgical complications (pneumonia [12.5%] and infection from intravenous catheters [9.7%]). Risk factors for complications were high-body mass index (BMI > 25 kg/m(2) ) and extension of surgery to the pancreas and spleen. A major pathological response was observed in 33.3% of patients, being more frequent in the ChRT group (47.6% vs. 13.3%; χ(2) , P = 0.0024). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative treatment with Ch or ChRT for locally advanced gastric cancer can be performed safely with an acceptable operative morbidity and low operative mortality rate with careful consideration of the added risk associated with BMI and surgical resection of the pancreas and spleen. Ch and ChRT is feasible and effective in terms of pathological response and R0 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valenti
- Department of Surgery, University of Navarre, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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19
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Zarate R, Bandres E, Rodriguez J, Bitarte N, Honorato B, Boni V, Sola I, Ponz-Sarvisé M, Garzon C, Garcia-Foncillas J. Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms and KRAS status as predictive biomarkers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with biweekly cetuximab-based salvage therapy. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Arbea L, Aristu J, Ciervide R, Gaztañaga M, Díaz-Gonzalez J, Moreno M, Hernandez J, Sola I. Feasibility and Efficacy of XELOX-IMRT in Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Knowledge of coronavirus replication, transcription, and virus-host interaction has been recently improved by engineering of coronavirus infectious cDNAs. With the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) genome the efficient (>40 microg per 106 cells) and stable (>20 passages) expression of the foreign genes has been shown. Knowledge of the transcription mechanism in coronaviruses has been significantly increased, making possible the fine regulation of foreign gene expression. A new family of vectors based on single coronavirus genomes, in which essential genes have been deleted, has emerged including replication-competent, propagation-deficient vectors. Vector biosafety is being increased by relocating the RNA packaging signal to the position previously occupied by deleted essential genes, to prevent the rescue of fully competent viruses that might arise from recombination events with wild-type field coronaviruses. The large cloning capacity of coronaviruses (>5 kb) and the possibility of engineering the tissue and species tropism to target expression to different organs and animal species, including humans, has increased the potential of coronaviruses as vectors for vaccine development and, possibly, gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Sola I, Alonso S, Sanchez C, Sanchez-Morgado JM, Enjuanes L. Expression of transcriptional units using transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus derived minigenomes and full-length cDNA clones. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 494:447-51. [PMID: 11774506 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1325-4_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Enjuanes L, Sola I, Almazan F, Izeta A, Gonzalez JM, Alonso S. Coronavirus derived expression systems. Progress and problems. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 494:309-21. [PMID: 11774485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1325-4_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Boya P, Larrea E, Sola I, Majano PL, Jiménez C, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Nuclear factor-kappa B in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C: decreased RelA expression is associated with enhanced fibrosis progression. Hepatology 2001; 34:1041-8. [PMID: 11679977 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.29002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are poorly understood. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), regulates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and antiviral response. It plays a protective role in several forms of liver damage. In this study, we analyzed NF-kappa B by gel mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies from HCV-infected patients, and we have determined the hepatic levels of the components of the NF-kappa B system by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that NF-kappa B was activated in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Neither NF-kappa B activity nor the RNA levels of NF-kappa B subunits showed correlation with liver inflammatory activity, viral load, or HCV genotype. By contrast, hepatic mRNA values of RelA, the main element of active NF-kappa B, correlated inversely with apoptosis (r = -.68; P <.05) and with the rate of fibrosis progression (r = -.51; P <.04). In intermediate/rapid fibrosers, RelA mRNA levels were significantly decreased as compared with slow fibrosers (P <.003) and with normal livers (P <.03). In conclusion, we found that NF-kappa B is activated in chronic HCV-infected livers, and that the expression of RelA is inversely correlated with liver cell apoptosis and with the rate of fibrosis progression. Our data thus suggest that RelA expression may protect against liver fibrosis and hepatocellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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25
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Enjuanes L, Sola I, Almazan F, Ortego J, Izeta A, Gonzalez JM, Alonso S, Sanchez JM, Escors D, Calvo E, Riquelme C, Sanchez C. Coronavirus derived expression systems. J Biotechnol 2001; 88:183-204. [PMID: 11434966 PMCID: PMC7126887 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Both helper dependent expression systems, based on two components, and single genomes constructed by targeted recombination, or by using infectious cDNA clones, have been developed. The sequences that regulate transcription have been characterized mainly using helper dependent expression systems and it will now be possible to validate them using single genomes. The genome of coronaviruses has been engineered by modification of the infectious cDNA leading to an efficient (>20 microg ml(-1)) and stable (>20 passages) expression of the foreign gene. The possibility of engineering the tissue and species tropism to target expression to different organs and animal species, including humans, increases the potential of coronaviruses as vectors. Thus, coronaviruses are promising virus vectors for vaccine development and, possibly, for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Rios R, Herrero JI, Quiroga J, Sangro B, Sola I, Pardo F, Cienfuegos JA, Herraiz M, Prieto J. Idiopathic adulthood ductopenia: long-term follow-up after liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:1420-3. [PMID: 11478493 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010679502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Rios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinca Universitaria, Pamplona, Spain
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27
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Fernández LA, Sola I, Enjuanes L, de Lorenzo V. Specific secretion of active single-chain Fv antibodies into the supernatants of Escherichia coli cultures by use of the hemolysin system. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:5024-9. [PMID: 11055959 PMCID: PMC92415 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.5024-5029.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method for the nontoxic, specific, and efficient secretion of active single-chain Fv antibodies (scFvs) into the supernatants of Escherichia coli cultures is reported. The method is based on the well-characterized hemolysin transport system (Hly) of E. coli that specifically secretes the target protein from the bacterial cytoplasm into the extracellular medium without a periplasmic intermediate. The culture media that accumulate these Hly-secreted scFv's can be used in a variety of immunoassays without purification. In addition, these culture supernatants are stable over long periods of time and can be handled basically as immune sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernández
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Panizo-Santos A, Sola I, Lozano M, de Alava E, Pardo J. Metastatic osteosarcoma presenting as a small-bowel polyp. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:1682-4. [PMID: 11079025 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1682-mopaas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal metastases of osteosarcoma are an extraordinarily rare event and, as far as we can determine, have been reported previously only 5 times; these cases represent an unusual pattern of progression. We describe a 21-year-old man with an osteosarcoma of the right tibia that was removed 4 years previously. Two years later, the patient showed lung metastases. At his most recent presentation, he complained of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Radiologic examination revealed an abdominal mass close to the jejunum and 3 nodules in the liver. One metastasis was an ulcerated and pedunculated polypoid mass located in the mucosa of the bowel, and the other involved the entire thickness of the jejunum. This unusual phenomenon represents an alteration in the natural history of osteosarcoma as a result of increased long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panizo-Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona
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29
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Abstract
An increased number of mast cells (MCs) is found in renal specimens of patients with diseases associated with persistent chronic inflammation. MCs proliferation is partly dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes. Both chronic inflammation and T-lymphocytes are essential in the development of chronic rejection (CR), and probably for the infiltration of MCs. MC-derived products such as heparin, histamine, and serine proteases may be responsible for endothelial proliferation and excess collagen production by fibroblasts. In this study, a quantitative evaluation of the MCs infiltration in kidney allografts with CR is performed. The extent of renal fibrosis was analysed in samples stained with Masson's trichrome. To evaluate the potential relationship between MCs and fibrosis in CR we analysed 30 kidneys with CR (25 from nephrectomies and 5 from autopsies). Ten transplanted kidneys obtained from patients died by causes not related with rejection were used as controls. CR was graded according to the Banff schema, which assesses the degree of vasculopathy, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and transplantation glomerulopathy. Giemsa-stained sections and immunohistochemistry using anti-MC tryptase and c-kit monoclonal antibodies were used to detect MCs. The mean number of MCs per 20 high-power fields (HPF) in the transplanted kidney with CR was 101.8+/-15.3 in the renal cortex and 46.60+/-6.52 in the medulla. MCs were significantly more numerous in CR with respect to normal kidneys, both in the cortex (P<0.01; Mann-Whitney U test) and in the medulla (P<0.01; Mann-Whitney U test). There was a positive correlation between the number of MCs and extent of fibrosis (P<0.01; Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova test) and tubular atrophy (P<0.01). These results suggest that MCs may play a role in the process of development of interstitial fibrosis in CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pardo
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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30
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Enjuanes L, Sola I, Izeta A, Sánchez-Morgado JM, González JM, Alonso S, Escors D, Sánchez CM. Interference with virus and bacteria replication by the tissue specific expression of antibodies and interfering molecules. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 473:31-45. [PMID: 10659342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, protection against virus infections has relied on the use of vaccines, but the induction of an immune response requires several days and in certain situations, like in newborn animals that may be infected at birth and die in a few days, there is not sufficient time to elicit a protective immune response. Immediate protection in new born could be provided either by vectors that express virus-interfering molecules in a tissue specific form, or by the production of animals expressing resistance to virus replication. The mucosal surface is the largest body surface susceptible to virus infection that can serve for virus entry. Then, it is of high interest to develop strategies to prevent infections of these areas. Virus growth can be interfered intracellularly, extracellularly or both. The antibodies neutralize virus intra- and extracellularly and their molecular biology is well known. In addition, antibodies efficiently neutralize viruses in the mucosal areas. The autonomy of antibody molecules in virus neutralization makes them functional in cells different from those that produce the antibodies and in the extracellular medium. These properties have identified antibodies as very useful molecules to be expressed by vectors or in transgenic animals to provide resistance to virus infection. A similar role could be played by antimicrobial peptides in the case of bacteria. Intracellular interference with virus growth (intracellular immunity) can be mediated by molecules of very different nature: (i) full length or single chain antibodies; (ii) mutant viral proteins that strongly interfere with the replication of the wild type virus (dominant-negative mutants); (iii) antisense RNA and ribozyme sequences; and (iv) the product of antiviral genes such as the Mx proteins. All these molecules inhibiting virus replication may be used to obtain transgenic animals with resistance to viral infection built in their genomes. We have developed two strategies to target into mucosal areas either antibodies to provide immediate protection, or antigens to elicit immune responses in the enteric or respiratory surfaces in order to prevent virus infection. One strategy is based on the development of expression vectors using coronavirus derived defective RNA minigenomes, and the other relies on the development of transgenic animals providing virus neutralizing antibodies in the milk during lactation. Two types of expression vectors are being engineered based on transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) defective minigenomes. The first one is a helper virus dependent expression system and the second is based on self-replicating RNAs including the information required to encode the TGEV replicase. The minigenomes expressing the heterologous gene have been improved by using a two-step amplification system based on cytomegalovirus (CMV) and viral promoters. Expression levels around 5 micrograms per 10(6) cells were obtained. The engineered minigenomes will be useful to understand the mechanism of coronavirus replication and for the tissue specific expression of antigen, antibody or virus interfering molecules. To protect from viral infections of the enteric tract, transgenic animals secreting virus neutralizing recombinant antibodies in the milk during lactation have been developed. Neutralizing antibodies with isotypes IgG1 or IgA were produced in the milk with titers of 10(6) in RIA that reduced virus infectivity by one million-fold. The recombinant antibodies recognized a conserved epitope apparently essential for virus replication. Antibody expression levels were transgene transgene copy number independent and were related to the transgene integration site. This strategy may be of general use since it could be applied to protect newborn animals against infections of the enteric tract by viruses or bacteria for which a protective MAb has been identified. Alternatively, the same strategy could be used to target the expression of antibio
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Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, CNB, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Pardo FJ, Errasti P, Idoate MA, Sola I, Lozano MD, de Alava E, Panizo A. Apoptosis and proliferation index in renal biopsies with early chronic rejection and in biopsies from donors older than 60 years. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2283-4. [PMID: 10500579 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Pardo
- Departmento de Anatomia Patologica, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Sánchez CM, Izeta A, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Alonso S, Sola I, Balasch M, Plana-Durán J, Enjuanes L. Targeted recombination demonstrates that the spike gene of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus is a determinant of its enteric tropism and virulence. J Virol 1999; 73:7607-18. [PMID: 10438851 PMCID: PMC104288 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.9.7607-7618.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted recombination within the S (spike) gene of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) was promoted by passage of helper respiratory virus isolates in cells transfected with a TGEV-derived defective minigenome carrying the S gene from an enteric isolate. The minigenome was efficiently replicated in trans and packaged by the helper virus, leading to the formation of true recombinant and pseudorecombinant viruses containing the S proteins of both enteric and respiratory TGEV strains in their envelopes. The recombinants acquired an enteric tropism, and their analysis showed that they were generated by homologous recombination that implied a double crossover in the S gene resulting in replacement of most of the respiratory, attenuated strain S gene (nucleotides 96 to 3700) by the S gene of the enteric, virulent isolate. The recombinant virus was virulent and rapidly evolved in swine testis cells by the introduction of point mutations and in-phase codon deletions in a domain of the S gene (nucleotides 217 to 665) previously implicated in the tropism of TGEV. The helper virus, with an original respiratory tropism, was also found in the enteric tract, probably because pseudorecombinant viruses carrying the spike proteins from the respiratory strain and the enteric virus in their envelopes were formed. These results demonstrated that a change in the tropism and virulence of TGEV can be engineered by sequence changes in the S gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Panizo A, Pardo FJ, Lozano MD, de Alava E, Sola I, Idoate MA. Ischemic injury in posttransplant endomyocardial biopsies: immunohistochemical study of fibronectin. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2550-1. [PMID: 10500712 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Panizo
- Department of Anatomia Patologica, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Spain
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34
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Pardo-Mindán FJ, Errasti P, Panizo A, Sola I, de Alava E, Lozano MD. Decrease of apoptosis rate in patients with renal transplantation treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Nephron Clin Pract 1999; 82:232-7. [PMID: 10395995 DOI: 10.1159/000045407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a powerful immunosuppressant that inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes by blocking the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. MMF prevents acute graft rejection in organ transplants. The aim of this investigation is to study whether MMF has any influence on apoptosis and proliferation rates of cells other than lymphocytes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of renal allograft biopsies taken during the 1st week after transplantation in 25 patients receiving triple therapy with prednisone, ciclosporin and azathioprine 75 mg/day and in 25 patients treated with MMF at a dose of 2 g/day instead of azathioprine, in order to investigate the differences in the proliferation and apoptosis rates of the glomerular, tubular, interstitial and endothelial cells of the kidney. Twelve normal kidneys were used as controls. Conventional histopathological techniques were applied as usual for pathological diagnosis. Proliferative activity was assessed by use of MIB-1 antibody. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were stained for the presence of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay. Evaluation of proliferative or apoptotic rates was made by counting the number of positive cells in 10 glomeruli and in 10 transversely cut tubuli in each biopsy. The positive cells in the interstitium were counted in ten high-power fields. Positive cells in the endothelium were scored semiquantitatively from 0 to 3: 0 = none, 1 = isolated cells, 2 = small groups of cells, 3 = most endothelial cells. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS All biopsies were normal or had borderline (Banff classification) acute rejection. MIB-1 rates were similar in both groups, without statistical differences (p > 0.05) between them. Significantly lower apoptotic rates were found in the group treated with MMF in tubular epithelium (23.41 +/- 8.86 vs. 57.4 +/- 13.42; p = 0.021), in glomerular (1.25 +/- 0.78 vs. 5.3 +/- 1.66; p = 0.027), and interstitial cells (1.58 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.8 +/- 1.54; p = 0.043). Apoptosis in endothelial cells (p > 0.05) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that treatment with MMF of kidney transplant patients does not affect the proliferative rate of cells of the allograft, but decreases the number of apoptotic cells in tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Pardo-Mindán
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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35
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Sola I, Castilla J, Enjuanes L. Interference of coronavirus infection by expression of IgG or IgA virus neutralizing antibodies. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 440:665-74. [PMID: 9782343 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mouse immunoglobulin gene fragments encoding the variable modules of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of a transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) have been cloned and sequenced. The selected MAb recognizes a highly conserved viral epitope and does not lead to the selection of neutralization escape mutants. Chimeric immunoglobulin genes with the variable modules from the murine MAb and constant modules of human gamma 1 and kappa chains were constructed using RT-PCR. These chimeric immunoglobulins were stably or transiently expressed in murine myelomas and COS cells, respectively. The secreted recombinant antibodies had radioimmunoassay (RIA) titers higher than 10(3) and reduced the infectious virus more than 10(4)-fold. Recombinant dimeric IgA showed a 50-fold enhanced neutralization of TGEV relative to a recombinant monomeric IgG1 which contained the identical antigen binding site. Epithelial cell lines stably-transformed with these constructs and expressing either recombinant IgG or IgA TGEV neutralizing antibodies reduced virus production by > 10(5)-fold after infection with homologous virus, although a residual level of virus production (< 10(2) PFU/ml) remained in less than 0.1% of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sola
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Castilla J, Sola I, Pintado B, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Enjuanes L. Lactogenic immunity in transgenic mice producing recombinant antibodies neutralizing coronavirus. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 440:675-86. [PMID: 9782344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Protection against coronavirus infections can be provided by the oral administration of virus neutralizing antibodies. To provide lactogenic immunity, eighteen lines of transgenic mice secreting a recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibody (rIgG1) and ten lines of transgenic mice secreting recombinant IgA monoclonal antibodies (rIgA) neutralizing transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) into the milk were generated. Genes encoding the light and heavy chains of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6A.C3 were expressed under the control of regulatory sequences derived from the mouse genomic DNA encoding the whey acidic protein (WAP) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), which are highly abundant milk proteins. The MAb 6A.C3 binds to a highly conserved epitope present in coronaviruses of several species. This MAb does not allow the selection of neutralization escaping virus mutants. The antibody was expressed in the milk of transgenic mice with titers of one million as determined by RIA, and neutralized TGEV infectivity by one million fold corresponding to immunoglobulin concentrations of 5 to 6 mg per ml. Matrix attachment regions (MAR) sequences were not essential for rIgG1 transgene expression, but co-microinjection of MAR and antibody genes led to a twenty to ten thousand-fold increase in the antibody titer in 50% of the rIgG1 transgenic animals generated. Co-microinjection of the genomic BLG gene with rIgA light and heavy chain genes led to the generation of transgenic mice carrying the three transgenes. The highest antibody titers were produced by transgenic mice that had integrated the antibody and BLG genes, although the number of transgenic animals generated does not allow a definitive conclusion on the enhancing effect of BLG co-integration. Antibody expression levels were transgene copy number independent and integration site dependent. The generation of transgenic animals producing virus neutralizing antibodies in the milk could be a general approach to provide protection against neonatal infections of the enteric tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castilla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
AIMS Expression of CD44 variant isoform including exon 6 has been associated to tumour progression in several carcinomas. However, no studies have been performed to assess the prognostic value of the expression of this marker in renal cell tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 58 renal cell tumours. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years after nephrectomy. Tumours were analysed for expression of CD44v6 assessed by two isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies. RT-PCR was performed to detect CD44 variant transcripts in 10 cases in which immunohistochemistry was negative. Twenty-two tumours showed reactivity in at least 1% cells for both antibodies with a strong membrane pattern. RT-PCR did not show CD44v6 transcripts in any of 10 studied tumours. Immunohistochemical staining was more frequent in perivascular areas or in areas of vascular invasion. In fact, CD44v6 expression correlated well with nuclear grade (P = 0.009), stage at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and appearance of metastasis after nephrectomy (P = 0.007). Although univariate survival analysis showed stage (P < 0.001), grade (P = 0.009) and CD44v6 expression (P = 0.04) to be significant predictive factors, only stage remained significant (P = 0.0013) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS CD44v6 expression, assessed immunohistochemically, is related to tumour progression. However, its prognostic value in renal cell tumours is dependent on tumour stage at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alava
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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38
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Herrero JI, de la Peña A, Quiroga J, Sangro B, García N, Sola I, Cienfuegos JA, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Risk factors for recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1998; 4:265-70. [PMID: 9649638 DOI: 10.1002/lt.500040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent hepatitis C is a frequent complication after liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis, but risk factors related to its development remain ill defined. Twenty-three patients receiving a primary liver graft for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and with an assessable biopsy performed at least 6 months after liver transplantation were studied retrospectively. The end point of this study was to look for risk factors associated with the development of histologic hepatitis C in the graft. Thirty-six major variables were studied, and those reaching significance by univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. Eighteen patients (78%) developed posttransplant hepatitis C. On univariate analysis, six variables showed significant predictive value: increased immunosuppression for treatment of acute rejection; pretransplant hepatocellular carcinoma; cumulative doses of prednisone at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation; and mean blood trough levels of cyclosporine in the first 6 months posttransplantation. On multivariate analysis, two variables retained independent statistical significance as predictors of hepatitis C recurrence, namely receipt of antirejection therapy (P = .0087) and lower mean cyclosporine levels in the first 6 months after transplantation (P = .0134). Therefore, recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation seems to be at least partially related to posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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39
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Herrero JI, Quiroga J, Sangro B, Sola I, Riezu-Boj JI, Pardo F, Prieto J. Effectiveness of lamivudine in treatment of acute recurrent hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43:1186-9. [PMID: 9635605 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018887203545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J I Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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40
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Sola I, Castilla J, Pintado B, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Whitelaw CB, Clark AJ, Enjuanes L. Transgenic mice secreting coronavirus neutralizing antibodies into the milk. J Virol 1998; 72:3762-72. [PMID: 9557658 PMCID: PMC109598 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.5.3762-3772.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1997] [Accepted: 01/20/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten lines of transgenic mice secreting transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) neutralizing recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs) into the milk were generated. The rMAb light- and heavy-chain genes were assembled by fusing the genes encoding the variable modules of the murine MAb 6A.C3, which binds an interspecies conserved coronavirus epitope essential for virus infectivity, and a constant module from a porcine myeloma with the immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype. The chimeric antibody led to dimer formation in the presence of J chain. The neutralization specific activity of the recombinant antibody produced in transiently or stably transformed cells was 50-fold higher than that of a monomeric rMAb with the IgG1 isotype and an identical binding site. This rMAb had titers of up to 10(4) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and neutralized virus infectivity up to 10(4)-fold. Of 23 transgenic mice, 17 integrated both light and heavy chains, and at least 10 of them transmitted both genes to the progeny, leading to 100% of animals secreting functional TGEV neutralizing antibody during lactation. Selected mice produced milk with TGEV-specific antibody titers higher than 10(6) as determined by RIA, neutralized virus infectivity by 10(6)-fold, and produced up to 6 mg of antibody per ml. Antibody expression levels were transgene copy number independent and integration site dependent. Comicroinjection of the genomic beta-lactoglobulin gene with rMAb light- and heavy-chain genes led to the generation of transgenic mice carrying the three transgenes. The highest antibody titers were produced by transgenic mice that had integrated the antibody and beta-lactoglobulin genes, although the number of transgenic animals generated does not allow a definitive conclusion on the enhancing effect of beta-lactoglobulin cointegration. This approach may lead to the generation of transgenic animals providing lactogenic immunity to their progeny against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sola
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Hernández Lizoain JL, Cienfuegos JA, Pardo F, Martínez Regueira F, Sola I, Aristu J, Azinovic I. Preoperative chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy compared with surgery alone in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1998; 90:275-90. [PMID: 9623271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of concomitant preoperative radio-chemotherapy in the treatment of epidermoid esophageal cancer. We studied a total of 45 patients, divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 20 patients diagnosed with epidermoid esophageal cancer who had been treated initially with esophagectomy. Group II consisted of 25 patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy and two cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil), one at the beginning and the other at the end of the radiation treatment, on whom an esophagectomy was subsequently performed. The clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. In group II, there were 12 cases (48%) with absence of tumor in the esophageal wall, three of which had node involvement. The operative mortality was similar in both groups (10% and 8% respectively). The only significant difference found in the postoperative complications was the incidence of anastomotic leak; but this was related to the different esophagectomy techniques used rather than the type of therapy. A decrease in the number of patients with tumor recurrence was observed in Group II, especially where the local component was concerned. The best actuarial survival rate at five years was in patients with no presence of tumor after neoadjuvant treatment (44.4%). However, the radio-chemotherapy seems not to have had any benefit in cases with node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hernández Lizoain
- Department of General Surgery, Clínica Universitaria, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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42
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de Alava E, Lozano MD, Sola I, Panizo A, Idoate MA, Martínez-Isla C, Forteza J, Sierrasesúmaga L, Pardo-Mindán FJ. Molecular features in a biphenotypic small cell sarcoma with neuroectodermal and muscle differentiation. Hum Pathol 1998; 29:181-4. [PMID: 9490279 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(98)90230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with soft tissue sarcoma of the hand, which showed muscle and neuroectodermal immunophenotypes. Molecular studies were performed on RNA collected from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and peripheral blood samples by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis. This biphenotypic tumor showed simultaneous expression of EWS-FLI1 and PAX3-FKHR transcripts, specific of Ewing family tumors and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Although childhood sarcomas with simultaneous muscle and neural differentiation have been described to have EWS-FLI1 transcripts, there are no reports of tumors with both transcripts. Cytological specimens are a good source of RNA for molecular studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Southern
- Chimera/genetics
- Female
- Hand
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Muscle Neoplasms/genetics
- Muscle Neoplasms/immunology
- Muscle Neoplasms/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/immunology
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alava
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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43
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Regueira FM, Hernández JL, Sola I, Cienfuegos JA, Pardo F, Díez-Caballero A, Sierra A, Nwose E, Espí A, Baixaúli J, Rotellar F. Ischemic damage prevention by N-acetylcysteine treatment of the donor before orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:3347-9. [PMID: 9414743 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Regueira
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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44
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Díez J, Panizo A, Hernández M, Vega F, Sola I, Fortuño MA, Pardo J. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1997; 30:1029-34. [PMID: 9369251 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.30.5.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased apoptosis has been reported in the heart of rats with spontaneous hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between apoptosis and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes from the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In addition, we evaluated whether the development of cardiomyocyte apoptosis is related to blood pressure or to the activity of the local angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in SHR. The study was performed in 16-week-old SHR, 30-week-old untreated SHR, and 30-week-old SHR treated with quinapril (10 mg x kg[-1] x d[-1]) during 14 weeks before they were killed. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was assessed by direct immunoperoxidase detection of digoxigenin-labeled 3'-hydroxyl ends of DNA. Nuclear polyploidization measured by DNA flow cytometry was used to assess cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Compared with 16-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, 16-week-old SHR exhibited increased blood pressure (P<.001), increased rate of tetraploidy (P<.05), and similar levels of ACE activity and apoptosis. Compared with 30-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats, 30-week-old SHR showed increased blood pressure (P<.001), increased ACE activity (P<.05), increased rate of tetraploidy (P<.01), and increased apoptosis (P<.01). Untreated 30-week-old SHR exhibited similar values of blood pressure and tetraploidy and higher ACE activity (P<.05) and apoptosis (P<.001) than 16-week-old SHR. A direct correlation (P<.01) was found between ACE activity and the apoptotic index in untreated 30-week-old SHR. The long-term administration of quinapril was associated with the normalization of ACE activity and apoptosis in treated SHR. These results suggest that the timing and mechanisms responsible for apoptosis and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes are different in SHR. Whereas hypertrophy seems to be an earlier alteration that develops in parallel with hypertension, apoptosis develops later in association with overactivity of the local ACE. Our data suggest that cell death dysregulation may be a novel target for antihypertensive agents that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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45
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin gene fragments encoding the variable modules of the heavy and light chains of a transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV)-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) have been cloned and sequenced. The selected MAb recognizes a highly conserved viral epitope and does not lead to the selection of neutralization escape mutants. The sequences of MAb 6A.C3 kappa and gamma 1 modules were identified as subgroup V and subgroup IIIC, respectively. The chimeric immunoglobulin genes encoding the variable modules from the murine MAb and constant modules of human gamma 1 and kappa chains were constructed by reverse transcriptase PCR. Chimeric immunoglobulins were stably or transiently expressed in murine myelomas or COS cells, respectively. The secreted recombinant antibodies had radioimmunoassay titers (i.e., the highest dilution giving a threefold increase over the background) higher than 10(3) and reduced the infectious virus more than 10(4)-fold. Recombinant dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) showed a 50-fold enhanced neutralization of TGEV relative to a recombinant monomeric IgG1 which contained the identical antigen binding site. Stably transformed epithelial cell lines which expressed either recombinant IgG or IgA TGEV-neutralizing antibodies reduced virus production by > 10(5)-fold after infection with homologous virus, although a residual level of virus production (< 10(2) PFU/ml) remained in less than 0.1% of the cells. This low-level persistent infection was shown not to be due to the selection of neutralization escape mutants. The implications of these findings for somatic gene therapy with recombinant antibodies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castilla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Enjuanes L, Smerdou C, Castilla J, Antón IM, Torres JM, Sola I, Golvano J, Sánchez JM, Pintado B. Development of protection against coronavirus induced diseases. A review. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995; 380:197-211. [PMID: 8830481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Pardo FJ, Joly M, Idoate M, Sola I, de Alava E, Panizo A. [Pathological anatomy of organ transplantation]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 1994; 38:189-94. [PMID: 8992597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We review some morphological aspects shared by all allografts. The main points are: 1) The expression of antigens of histocompatibility, essentially DR, allows the diagnosis of acute rejection with a significant specificity; 2) A lesion similar to "Quilty" effect may be seen in other allografts, and it is the first manifestation of an acute rejection; 3) Fine-needle aspiration biopsy may help in the follow-up of kidney transplant but has been demonstrated ineffective in other transplants; 4) The morphology of rejection is different according to the type of immunosuppressive therapy; 5) The basic lesions of chronic rejection are vascular, but chronic rejection may be diagnosed without vessels in the biopsy specimen, by the degree of atrophy of the parenchyma; 6) For the characterization of lymphomas in transplanted patients is necessary study the clonality of tumor cells, the gene rearrangement and the lymphoid subset; 7) Molecular Pathology may help in the early diagnosis of viral infections after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Pardo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Navarra. Clínica Universitaria, Facultad de Medicina
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48
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Pardo-Mindán FJ, Salinas-Madrigal L, Idoate M, Garola R, Sola I, French M. Pathology of renal transplantation. Semin Diagn Pathol 1992; 9:185-99. [PMID: 1523357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplantation is the most appropriate form of treatment for end-stage renal disease in all age groups. We present the experience of two hospitals in the pathology of kidney allograft. Renal biopsy is the most adequate method for the follow-up of these patients, because it permits the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic rejection, transplant glomerulopathy, recurrent and "de novo" glomerulonephritis and immunosuppression nephrotoxicity, mainly by cyclosporine A. We present the pathology features of all these entities, and study the representativity of the biopsy for diagnosis of rejection. The actuarial survival of the graft is 82% and 71% at 1 and 5 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Pardo-Mindán
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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49
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Parrilla JJ, Ponce JL, Navarro J, Sola I, Forcen LM, Abad L, López Bernal A. Persistent Müllerian structures in a genotypic male. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1981; 12:85-9. [PMID: 6119236 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(81)90020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A case report of a male with persistent Müllerian structures is presented. The patient was 34 yr old and had a left inguinal hernia, bilateral cryptorchidism and azoospermia. His karyotype was 46 XY. At operation a uterus with vestigial Fallopian tubes and a hypoplastic testis were found inside the hernial sac. Histological studies confirmed the persistence of Müllerian structures. The clinical implications of anti-Müllerian hormone dysfunction are discussed.
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