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Dias GB, do Amaral RB, Gatto IRH, Lapera IM, de Oliveira LG, Lux Hoppe EG, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection of Mycoplasma suis in captive white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:94-96. [PMID: 30961824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma suis, the etiological agent of swine hemoplasmosis, is an epicellular bacterium that adheres to the surface of pig erythrocytes leading to deformations of the target cells. Little is known about the occurrence of M. suis in wild swine populations around the world, its economic impact on swine herds, and the risk of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based on the 16S rRNA gene, the occurrence of M. suis in a captive population of white-lipped peccaries (100 Tayassu pecari) and in free-living wild boars (14 Sus scrofa) in Brazil. None of the white-lipped peccaries were positive for M. suis, whereas seven (50%) wild boars were positive in qPCR assays. The quantification of M. suis-16S rRNA copies/μL ranged from 1.42 × 10° to 3.906 × 101 in positive animals, indicating a low bacteremia and a chronic carrier status in free-living wild boars. In conclusion, M. suis might be a non-frequent pathogen in wild suids maintained in captivity. Despite the low bacteremia, the prevalence of M. suis in wild boar population in Brazil seems to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Bim Dias
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Moura Lapera
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estevam G Lux Hoppe
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Červená B, Hrazdilová K, Vallo P, Pafčo B, Fenyková T, Petrželková KJ, Todd A, Tagg N, Wangue N, Lux Hoppe EG, Moraes MFD, Lapera IM, de Souza Pollo A, de Albuquerque ACA, Modrý D. Diversity of Mammomonogamus (Nematoda: Syngamidae) in large African herbivores. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1013-1024. [PMID: 29470712 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four species of Mammomonogamus are known from large African herbivores. A recent study demonstrated that a single Mammomonogamus species was shared by both western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Central African Republic, suggesting lower species diversity than previously described in literature. We examined more than 500 fecal samples collected from sympatric African forest elephants, western lowland gorillas, and African forest buffaloes (Syncerus caffer nanus) at four study sites across Central Africa and examined them by coproscopic methods to detect Mammomonogamus eggs, which were found at three of the study sites. Subsequently, sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and cox1 amplified from individual eggs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA revealed two clades: one formed by sequences originating from Gabonese buffaloes and the other comprising gorillas and elephants. The gorilla-elephant clade was further differentiated depending on the locality. We show the existence of at least two distinct species of Mammomonogamus, M. loxodontis in elephants and gorillas and M. nasicola in buffaloes. The available information on Mammomonogamus in African herbivores is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Červená
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Vallo
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Fenyková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Judita Petrželková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Liberec Zoo, Lidové sady 425/1, 460 01, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Angelique Todd
- WWF, Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, BP 1053, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Projet Grands Singes, Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Estevam G Lux Hoppe
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ivan Moura Lapera
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza Pollo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Alexandre de Albuquerque
- Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Lapera IM, Silva ACD, Canônico BM, Perezin GDF, Tebaldi JH, Pala G, Manrique WG, Hoppe EGL. Metazoan parasites of Plagioscion squamosissimus, an invasive species in the Tietê River, São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2017; 26:143-151. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study focused on the characterization and analysis of communities and infra-communities of metazoan parasites of Plagioscion squamosissimus caught in Promissão Reservoir in the Tietê River in Borborema (21°39′58”S, 49°8′49”W), state of São Paulo, Brazil. Fifty adult specimens caught by professional fishermen in March 2015 were necropsied. The fish presented an average standard length of 25.2 ± 2.2 cm and average weight of 328.82 ± 89.03 g. A total of 5,227 specimens of metazoan parasites were collected: 2,880 (55.1%) adult Diplectanum piscinarius (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) and 2,347 (44.9%) Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae (Digenea, Diplostomidae), both with 100% prevalence and mean abundance of 57.6 and 46.9, respectively. Parasite diversity was low (species richness = 2), with a Simpson index (D) equal to 0.505, and low values of Brillouin (HB = 0.687) and Margalef diversity (I = 0.117) indices. Berger-Parker’s index of dominance (p = 0.551) indicated a slight dominance of the monogenean parasite D. piscinarius. There was a positive correlation, assessed by Pearson coefficient between parasite abundance of D. piscinarius and standard length (r = 0.43) and weight (r = 0.51) of hosts.
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de Albuquerque ACA, Moraes MFD, Silva AC, Lapera IM, Tebaldi JH, Lux Hoppe EG. Helminth fauna of chiropterans in Amazonia: biological interactions between parasite and host. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3229-37. [PMID: 27121257 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amazonia, the largest Brazilian biome, is one of the most diverse biomes around the world. Considering the Brazilian chiropteran species, 120 out of known 167 species are registered in Pará state, with 10 endemic species. Despite the high diversity of bats in Amazonia, studies on their parasites, especially on helminths, are scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to study the helminth fauna of different bats from the Pará state, Amazon biome, determine the descriptors of infection, and evaluate the host-parasite interactions, as well as evaluate differences in ecological indexes in accordance with the feeding guilds. The study was developed on 67 bats of 21 species captured in several areas of the Pará state. The animals were identified, divided into feeding guilds, and necropsied. The parasites obtained were identified and quantified. A total of 182 parasites were found in 20.89 % of the studied bats, representing nine species, as follows: Anenterotrema eduardocaballeroi, Anenterotrema liliputianum, Ochoterenatrema caballeroi, Tricholeiperia sp., Parahistiostrongylus octacanthus, Litomosoides guiterasi, Litomosoides brasiliensis, Capillariinae gen. sp., and Hymenolepididae gen. sp. Also, the results indicated that there was no impact of parasitism on host body condition and no relationship between sex and parasite intensity. In relation to the feeding guilds, the omnivores showed higher prevalence and mean intensity. Animals from regions closer to the equator tend to have greater richness in parasite species, but the present study revealed low diversity and richness in species. In conclusion, the ecological pattern observed for other animal groups, in which higher parasitic diversity are registered in lower latitudes, is not applicable to chiropterans from the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Alexandre de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Figueiredo Duarte Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Moura Lapera
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - José Hairton Tebaldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam G Lux Hoppe
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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