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Rocha-Santos C, Bastos FF, Dantas RF, Hauser-Davis RA, Rodrigues LC, Cunha Bastos VLF, Cunha Bastos J. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase in blood and liver from a hypoxia-tolerant fish under oxygen deprivation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:604-611. [PMID: 30081344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver enzyme activities can be employed as biomarkers, but liver can only be obtained with death of the specimen. On the other hand, blood withdrawal is a non-lethal procedure. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this study is to verify if glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in blood parallel those in the liver of the hypoxia-tolerant fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), submitted to hypoxia conditions. GPX was assayed with H2O2 in cytosols from both liver and erythrocytes and exhibited no significant variation, either in erythrocytes or in liver, when comparing pacus under normoxia with those under hypoxia (42 h). GST activity with chloro-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), an artificial substrate suitable for almost all GST isoenzymes, was compared to activity with 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), a physiological endogenous substrate. GST activity with CDNB did not change in liver or in erythrocyte cytosols in pacus under hypoxia compared to those under normoxia. On the other hand, a significant decrease in erythrocyte activity with 4-HNE was observed after 42 h of hypoxia in both erythrocytes and liver, which may be a response to increased lipid oxidation in erythrocytes. Erythrocyte GST activity was 3-fold higher with 4-HNE than with CDNB, indicating that 4-HNE is a more appropriate substrate to determine GST activity in pacu erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocha-Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Leopoldo de Meis, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bl.D Ss.05, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F F Bastos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R F Dantas
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R A Hauser-Davis
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), ENSP, FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L C Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V L F Cunha Bastos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Cunha Bastos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Manoel de Abreu 444, CEP 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Bastos FF, Tobar SAL, Dantas RF, Silva ES, Nogueira NPA, Paes MC, Righi BDP, Bastos JC, Bastos VLFC. Melatonin affects conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione in liver of pacu, a hypoxia-tolerant fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:1205-1214. [PMID: 23440384 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In cytosol from liver of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, a hypoxia-tolerant fish that dwells in Pantanal, we found an enzyme activity capable of modulating the alkenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) by conjugating it with glutathione (GST-HNE activity). HNE is a downstream metabolite from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by reactive oxygen species arisen from mitochondria of animal cells. HNE production may increase more intensively under oxidative stress. Harmful effects to cell survival may occur when HNE increases over 10(-4) M. Pacus submitted to hypoxia in July (cold season in Pantanal) showed 40% less of this GST-HNE conjugating activity in their liver cytosol. Injecting pacus subjected to hypoxia during the cold season with a summer physiological dose of melatonin caused their liver cytosolic GST-HNE activity to increase up to the levels found in the warm season. From October to March (warm season in Pantanal), pacus are prone to oxidative stress particularly during potamodromous active oxygen-demanding swimming, when they migrate up rivers to spawn. Thus, our findings point out that the higher levels of melatonin in circulation during the summer are important to avoid the increase of 4-HNE inside liver cells of this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry, IBRAG, UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Bastos FF, Hauser-Davis RA, Tobar SAL, Campos RC, Ziolli RL, Bastos VLFC, Bastos JC. Enzymatic GST levels and overall health of mullets from contaminated Brazilian Lagoons. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 126:414-423. [PMID: 23010391 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) assays in non-mammalian organisms are usually conducted inappropriately, since no previous standardization of the optimal concentrations of proteins and substrates and adequate pH is conducted. Standardization is a key task to adjust enzyme assays at their kinetically correct maximal initial velocities, if one wants these velocities to indicate the amount of enzyme in a sample. In this paper GST assays were standardized in liver cytosol to compare seasonal GST levels in liver of mullet from two contaminated lagoons in the Rio de Janeiro to those from a reference bay. GST potential as a biomarker of sublethal intoxication in this species was also evaluated. Mullet liver GST levels assayed with substrates that corresponded to three different GST isoenzymes varied throughout the year. The differences indicated that mullets are suffering from sublethal intoxication from contaminants in these lagoons. Seasonal variations of activity were relevant, since these could indicate differences in xenobiotic input into the areas. An analysis of overall mullet health condition using a morphological index (the Fulton Condition Factor) and macroscopic abnormalities corroborated the differences in GST levels, with fish from one of the sites in worse overall health condition showing lower and significantly different FCF when compared to the reference site. Therefore, GST standardized activity levels are useful biomarkers of environmental contamination for mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Bastos
- UERJ - Biology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha Bastos VLF, Salles JB, Valente RH, León IR, Perales J, Dantas RF, Albano RM, Bastos FF, Cunha Bastos J. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase from liver of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), a hypoxia-tolerant fish of the Pantanal. Biochimie 2007; 89:1332-42. [PMID: 17544198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887, Characiformes) dwells in waters of Pantanal, in which it has adapted for alternate concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Intracellular antioxidant protection should be vital for such an adaptation. Accordingly, we found that cytosol from liver of pacu has the highest antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity so far reported for fish and murine species. To clarify whether this activity was due to a selenium independent glutathione S-transferase or to a glutathione peroxidase, we purified it and studied its kinetics. The substrates cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide were promptly reduced by the enzyme, but peroxidized phosphatidylcholine had to undergo previous fatty acid removal with phospholipase A(2). Augmenting concentrations (from 2 to 6 mM) of reduced glutathione activated the pure enzyme. Curves of velocity versus different micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of 2, 4 or 8 mM reduced glutathione indicated that at least 2.5 mM reduced glutathione should be available in vivo for an efficient continuous destruction of micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide by this peroxidase. Molecular exclusion HPLC and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the purified peroxidase is a homotetramer. Data from internal sequences showed selenocysteine in its primary structure and that the enzyme was a homologue of the type-1 glutathione peroxidase found in rat, bull, trout, flounder and zebra fish. Altogether, our data establish that in liver cells of pacu, a hypoxia-tolerant fish from South America, there are high levels of a cytosolic GPX-1 capable of quenching hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid peroxides, providing an effective antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L F Cunha Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry, UERJ, Av Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Salles JB, Cunha Bastos VLF, Silva Filho MV, Machado OLT, Salles CMC, Giovanni de Simone S, Cunha Bastos J. A novel butyrylcholinesterase from serum of Leporinus macrocephalus, a Neotropical fish. Biochimie 2006; 88:59-68. [PMID: 16085351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We show here that serum of piaussu, a Neotropical characin fish, has the highest butyrylcholinesterase activity so far described for humans and fish. To clarify whether this cholinesterase could protect piaussu against anticholinesterase pesticides by scavenging organophosphates, we purified it 1700-fold, with a yield of 80%. Augmenting concentrations (from 0.01 to 20 mM) of butyrylthiocholine activated it. The pure enzyme was highly inhibited by chlorpyriphos-oxon (ki=10,434x10(6) M-1 min-1) and by the specific butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, isoOMPA (ki=45.7x10(6) M-1 min-1). Electrophoresis of total serum and 2-D electrophoresis of the purified cholinesterase showed that some enzyme molecules could circulate in piaussu serum as heterogeneously glycosylated dimers. The enzyme's N-terminal sequence was similar to sequences found for butyrylcholinesterase from sera of other vertebrates. Altogether, our data present a novel butyrylcholinesterase with the potential of protecting a fish from poisoning by organophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Salles
- Department of Biochemistry, UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-170, Brazil
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Bastos VLFC, Alves MV, Bernardino G, Ceccarelli PS, Bastos JC. Paraoxonase activity in sera of four neotropical fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 72:798-805. [PMID: 15199996 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V L F Cunha Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Bastos VLFC, Pinto LFR, Lima LM, Bastos JC. Identification and induction by beta-naphthoflavone of CYP1A1 in liver of the neotropical fish pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes: characidae). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 72:13-20. [PMID: 15058649 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V L F Cunha Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
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Folly E, Bastos VL, Alves MV, Bastos JC, Atella GC. A high density lipoprotein from Piaractus mesopotamicus, pacu, (Osteichthyes, Characidae), is associated with paraoxonase activity. Biochimie 2001; 83:945-51. [PMID: 11728631 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(01)01342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the serum lipoprotein profile and localized the serum paraoxonase activity of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, a tropical fish species. The total lipoprotein profile of pacu serum obtained after KBr density ultracentrifugation shows the predominance of HDL (1.1267 g/mL). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed a negligible amount of LDL. Pacu HDL was purified by gel filtration column on HPLC, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 246 kDa. Protein composition was 35%, and comprised four protein components with molecular masses of 45, 38, 25 and 12.5 kDa. Lipids represent 58% of total HDL, comprising 40% neutral lipids and 18% phospholipids by weight. The HDL contains 7% of carbohydrates, and mannose was the only sugar detected by paper chromatography in HDL hydrolysates. HDL-containing fractions showed the major paraoxonase activity. Purification of HDL resulted in a 23-fold enrichment of this activity. This is the first experimental evidence demonstrating the association of paraoxonase activity with a HDL in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Folly
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Bauhinia, 400, bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP. 21940-590, Brazil
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Camacho L, Alves MV, Bastos JC, Felzenszwalb I, Cunha Bastos VL. Effects of beta-naphthoflavone on the levels of glutathione S-transferase from liver of Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 64:191-196. [PMID: 10656884 DOI: 10.1007/s001289910029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu, 48, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Bastos VL, Rossini A, Pinto LF, de Lima LM, Ceccarelli PS, Coelho MG, Bastos JC. Different sensitivities to paraoxon of brain and serum cholinesterases from Pacu, an indigenous Brazilian fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 60:1-8. [PMID: 9484549 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V L Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry of the Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
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Chatkin JM, Bastos JC, Stein RT, Gaiger AM. Sole pulmonary involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in a child. Eur Respir J 1993. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.06081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The case of a boy aged 4 yrs and 7 months, with isolated pulmonary involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is reported. The presentation of the disease was a sudden pneumothorax, with no previous signs of respiratory disease. The case was confirmed by S-100 and MT1 antibody staining, and was treated with pulse steroids and several pleural drainages, until the boy died after a large bilateral pneumothorax.
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Chatkin JM, Bastos JC, Stein RT, Gaiger AM. Sole pulmonary involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in a child. Eur Respir J 1993; 6:1226-8. [PMID: 8224140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The case of a boy aged 4 yrs and 7 months, with isolated pulmonary involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is reported. The presentation of the disease was a sudden pneumothorax, with no previous signs of respiratory disease. The case was confirmed by S-100 and MT1 antibody staining, and was treated with pulse steroids and several pleural drainages, until the boy died after a large bilateral pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chatkin
- Hospital São Lucas, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
A 30-month-old boy was investigated because of a huge abdominal mass in the right upper abdomen. A computed tomography scan and celiac angiography showed that the tumor involved bilateral lobes of the liver. At first, for this disseminated and "unresectable" tumor we did liver biopsy and hepatic arterial catheterization. Through this catheter we started chemotherapy using THP-Adriamycin and cis-platinum. After three courses of chemotherapy, a second-look operation was performed and trisegmentectomy was done to remove the main tumor and metastases, including the left lobe and the right anterior segment. The trisegmentectomy was performed with success, and the boy's serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) remains normal 37 months after the start of treatment, indicating a probable permanent cure. Such cases have rarely been reported in the literature. Our experience in treating this patient would seem to encourage aggressive management of advanced hepatoblastoma in other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsuchida
- Department of Surgery, National Children's Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Bastos JC, Bastos VL, Burth P, Harab R, de Luna MG, Rossini A, Faria MV. Drug metabolism components in liver microsomes from Hypostomus punctatus, a Brazilian benthic fish (Cascudo). Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 1989; 94:683-9. [PMID: 2576796 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(89)90132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. The major components of hepatic drug biotransformation system were identified in a Brazilian freshwater benthic fish. 2. Cytochrome P-450 difference spectra were obtained adding 0.02 mM phenazine ethosulphate and 2 mM ascorbate to microsomal suspensions. Basal levels of P-450 were high (0.9 nmol/mg of microsomal protein) and were not induced by 3-MC. 3. Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activity was determined in presence of 1.3 x 10(-4) M NADPH, 3.3 x 10(-5) M cytochrome C, 1.0 x 10(-4) M EDTA, 66 micrograms of microsomal protein per ml in a 0.3 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.6. Basal levels of NADPH-cytochrome C were 152.7 nmoles/min/mg of microsomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bastos
- Departamento de Bioquïmica e de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Atik E, Moromizato JH, Zan R, Ajzenberg M, Esher R, Diniz EM, Souza AT, Martins CO, Bastos JC. [Efficacy of indomethacin in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborn infants with cardiac insufficiency. Analysis of 14 cases]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1984; 43:185-9. [PMID: 6535546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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