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Cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma. Physiol Res 2021; 69:S455-S461. [PMID: 33471545 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual studies have suggested the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement in detecting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in patients with chronic cough. The aim of this study was to clarify a correlation of cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. 25 children with asthma and 15 controls were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement - capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 micromol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement was included. Asthmatic children' (11 boys and 14 girls, mean age 9+/-1 years) and control group (unconfirmed diagnosis of asthma) (6 boys and 9 girls, mean age 8+/-1 years) were included into the study. FeNO vs. C2 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.146, p=0.49); FENO vs. C5 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.777, p=0.71). We found that there is no correlation between cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide either in children with asthma or in the control group.
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease with a variable course. Efforts to identify biomarkers to predict asthma severity, the course of disease and response to treatment have not been very successful so far. Biomarker research has expanded greatly with the advancement of molecular research techniques. An ideal biomarker should be suitable to identify the disease as well the specific endotype/phenotype, useful in the monitoring of the disease and to determine the prognosis, easily to obtain with minimum discomfort or risk to the patient. An ideal biomarker should be suitable to identify the disease as well the specific endotype/phenotype, useful in the monitoring of the disease and to determine the prognosis, easily to obtain with minimum discomfort or risk to the patient - exhaled breath analysis, blood cells and serum biomarkers, sputum cells and mediators and urine metabolites could be potential biomarkers of asthma bronchiale. Unfortunately, at the moment, an ideal biomarker doesn't exist and the overlap between the biomarkers is a reality. Using panels of biomarkers could improve probably the identification of asthma endotypes in the era of precision medicine.
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Abstract
New knowledge about the neural aspects of cough has revealed a complex network of pathways that initiate cough. The effect of inflammation on cough neural processing occurs at multiple peripheral and central sites within the nervous system. Evidence exists that direct or indirect neuroimmune interaction induces a complex response, which can be altered by mediators released by the sensory or parasympathetic neurons and vice versa. The aim of this study was to clarify changes of cough reflex sensitivity - the activity of airway afferent nerve endings - in asthmatic children.25 children with asthma and 15 controls were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement - capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 µmol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Asthmatic children' (11 boys and 14 girls, mean age 9 ± 1 yrs) cough reflex sensitivity (geometric mean, with the 95 % CI) for C2 was 4.25 (2.25-8.03) µmol/l vs. control C2 (6 boys and 9 girls, mean age 8 ± 1 yrs) was 10.61 (5.28-21.32) µmol/l (p=0.024). Asthmatic children' C5 was 100.27 (49.30-203.93) µmol/l vs. control C5 56.53 (19.69-162.35) µmol/l (p=0.348). There was a statistically significant decrease of C2 (cough threshold) in the asthmatic patients relative to controls (p-value for the two-sample t-test of log(C2) for the one-sided alternative, p-value = 0.024). The 95 % confidence interval for the difference of the mean C2 in asthma vs. control, [1.004, 6.207]. For C5, the difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.348). There was a statistically significant decrease of cough reflex sensitivity (the activity of airway afferent nerve endings) - C2 value in the asthmatic children relative to controls.
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Training infection control and hospital hygiene professionals in Europe, 2010: agreed core competencies among 33 European countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25523973 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.49.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The harmonisation of training programmes for infection control and hospital hygiene (IC/HH) professionals in Europe is a requirement of the Council recommendation on patient safety. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control commissioned the 'Training Infection Control in Europe' project to develop a consensus on core competencies for IC/HH professionals in the European Union (EU). Core competencies were drafted on the basis of the Improving Patient Safety in Europe (IPSE) project's core curriculum (CC), evaluated by questionnaire and approved by National Representatives (NRs) for IC/HH training. NRs also re-assessed the status of IC/HH training in European countries in 2010 in comparison with the situation before the IPSE CC in 2006. The IPSE CC had been used to develop or update 28 of 51 IC/HH courses. Only 10 of 33 countries offered training and qualification for IC/HH doctors and nurses. The proposed core competencies are structured in four areas and 16 professional tasks at junior and senior level. They form a reference for standardisation of IC/HH professional competencies and support recognition of training initiatives.
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Development and assessment of national performance indicators for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship in European long-term care facilities. J Hosp Infect 2013; 85:45-53. [PMID: 23932737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are of increasing importance. AIM To develop consensus national performance indicators (NPIs) for infection control (ICPI) and antimicrobial stewardship (ASPI) in LTCFs, and assess the performance of 32 European countries against these NPIs. METHODS Previously established European standards were the basis for consensus and the same iterative approach with national representatives from the 32 countries. A World Health Organization scoring system recorded how close each country was to implementing each standard. FINDINGS The 42 agreed component indicators were grouped into six NPI categories: 'national programme', 'guidelines', 'expert advice', 'IC structure' (not present in the ASPI), 'surveillance' and 'composite'. 'Guidelines' scored the highest mean total possible score (60%, range 20-100%), followed by 'composite' (53%, range 30-100%), 'expert advice' (48%, range 20-100%), 'surveillance' (47%, range 20-83%), 'national programme' (42%, range 20-100%) and 'IC structure' (39%, range 20-100%). Although several scores were low, some countries were able to implement all NPIs, indicating that this was feasible. Most NPIs were very significantly related, indicating that they were considered to be important by the countries. 'Guidelines' and 'IC structure' were significantly related to European region (P ≤ 0.05). Accreditation/inspection was not evident in seven (22%) countries, nine (28%) countries had accreditation/inspection that included IC assessments, and seven (22%) countries had accreditation/inspection that included IC and antimicrobial stewardship assessments. Multi-variable analysis found that only the NPI and the ICPI 'expert advice' were associated with accreditation/inspection which included IC and antimicrobial stewardship. CONCLUSION The identified gaps represent significant potential patient safety issues. The NPIs should serve as a basis for monitoring improvements over the coming years.
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Programme stoprisk: all about standard precautions. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239714 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Healthcare associated infections (HAI) in long-term care facilities in Europe. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239574 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Automated detection of nosocomial infections: evaluation of different strategies in an intensive care unit 2000-2006. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79:38-43. [PMID: 21742413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate seven different strategies for the automated detection of nosocomial infections (NIs) in an intensive care unit (ICU) by using different hospital information systems: microbiology database, antibiotic prescriptions, medico-administrative database, and textual hospital discharge summaries. The study involved 1,499 patients admitted to an ICU of the University Hospital of Lyon (France) between 2000 and 2006. The data were extracted from the microbiology laboratory information system, the clinical information system on the ward and the medico-administrative database. Different algorithms and strategies were developed, using these data sources individually or in combination. The performances of each strategy were assessed by comparing the results with the ward data collected as a national standardised surveillance protocol, adapted from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system as the gold standard. From 1,499 patients, 282 NIs were reported. The strategy with the best sensitivity for detecting these infections using an automated method was the combination of antibiotic prescription or microbiology, with a sensitivity of 99.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 98.2-100] and a specificity of 56.8% (95% CI: 54.0-59.6). Automated methods of NI detection represent an alternative to traditional monitoring methods. Further study involving more ICUs should be performed before national recommendations can be established.
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Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux and Asthma Children. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Quality assessment in surgical care departments: proposal for a scoring system in terms of structure and process. Qual Saf Health Care 2011; 19:107-12. [PMID: 20351158 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2008.027557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build a score able to reflect and rank surgical departments according to a definition of "quality" in terms of structure and process. METHODS Collaborative design of a quality score in the framework of the French clinical research project NosoQual. Feasibility and observational study in 46 surgical departments visited between November 2002 and March 2003 according to standardised procedures. A bibliographic review followed by expert consultations, a field test, analysis and a final reconsideration leading to the definition of a consensual score. RESULTS 138 variables comprised the score. They were classified into seven dimensions, each representing a different aspect of quality of care in surgery. According to the threshold and weight attributed to every variable, scores were calculated for each department. The average level of achievement of the scores varied from 42% to 71% of theoretical maxima. The variability of the scores related to the seven dimensions was larger and more significant than the one expressed by the overall score (coefficient of variation=0.1). CONCLUSION This analytical work contributed to the design of a quality score for surgery. However, the progress of the score should continue to take into account all the obstacles that were observed and to meet the high requirements of the actual patient safety issue.
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The burden of healthcare‐associated infections in European long‐term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 31 Suppl 1:S59-62. [PMID: 20929373 DOI: 10.1086/655989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since 2006, several projects have been initiated in Europe to describe the distribution and characteristics of infection control programs in long‐term care facilities and to quantify the burden of infections, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial use in long‐term care facilities. This article summarizes the results and activities that are underway.
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Intérêt de l’utilisation des données du Programme médicalisé des systèmes d’information (PMSI) pour la surveillance des infections nosocomiales aux Hospices Civils de Lyon. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2011; 59:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Prevalence of nosocomial infections in 27 hospitals in the Mediterranean region. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.26719/2010.16.10.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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[Prevalence of nosocomial infections in 27 hospitals in the Mediterranean region]. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL = LA REVUE DE SANTE DE LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE = AL-MAJALLAH AL-SIHHIYAH LI-SHARQ AL-MUTAWASSIT 2010; 16:1070-1078. [PMID: 21226344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A multicentre study was conducted in 27 hospitals in Algeria, Egypt, Italy, Morocco and Tunisia to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of the nosocomial infections. The study population (4634 patients) was relatively young, mean age 41.1 (standard deviation 23.4) years. The prevalence of nosocomial infections was 10.5%; this was higher in non-teaching centres and moderate-sized hospitals. Overall, urinary tract infections were the most common. Paediatric departments rated particularly high (11.3%). The most commonly isolated organisms were: Escherichia coli (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.2% each). On the day of the study, 40.7% of the patients were under treatment with antibiotics, with nearly half for an empirical indication. Nosocomial infection was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation, hospitalization > or = 8 days, presence of a central or peripheral catheter), urinary catheter, diabetes and age.
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A randomized trial of viral hepatitis prevention among underprivileged people in the Lyon area of France. J Public Health (Oxf) 2010; 33:182-92. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Factors attributable to the level of exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. Eur J Med Res 2010; 14 Suppl 4:9-13. [PMID: 20156716 PMCID: PMC3521341 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-14-s4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable symptoms especially in children. Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has proved to be a marker of inflammation in the airways and has become a substantial part of clinical management of asthmatic children due to its potential to predict possible exacerbation and adjust the dose of inhalant corticosteroids. Objectives We analyzed potential factors that contribute to the variability of nitric oxide in various clinical and laboratory conditions. Materials and methods Study population consisted of 222 asthmatic children and 27 healthy control subjects. All children underwent a panel of tests: fractioned exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled carbon monoxide, asthma control test scoring, blood sampling, skin prick tests, and basic spirometry. Results FeNO and other investigated parameters widely changed according to clinical or laboratory characteristics of the tested children. Asthmatics showed increased levels of FeNO, exhaled carbon monoxide, total serum IgE, and higher eosinophilia. Boys had higher FeNO levels than girls. We found a significant positive correlation between FeNO levels and the percentage of blood eosinophils, %predicted of forced vital capacity, total serum IgE levels, and increasing age. Conclusions Various phenotypes of children's asthma are characterized by specific pattern of the results of clinical and laboratory tests. FeNO correlates with total serum IgE, blood eosinophilia, age, and some spirometric parameters with different strength. Therefore, the coexistence of atopy, concomitant allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis, and some other parameters should be considered in critical evaluation of FeNO in the management of asthmatic children.
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Intérêt de l’utilisation des données du programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information (PMSI) pour la surveillance des infections nosocomiales aux hospices civils de Lyon. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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XXVI. Die Behandlung von Angiom, Angiocavernom und Naevus flammeus mit Kohlensäure. Dermatology 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000244895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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National influences on catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates: practices among national surveillance networks participating in the European HELICS project. J Hosp Infect 2009; 71:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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[Characteristics of alcohol-dependent male inmates]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2008; 56:189-195. [PMID: 18495399 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2008.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare social and penal characteristics and consumption of psychoactive substances by alcohol-dependent and non-dependent inmates of the Lyon's prison in 2004. METHODS The study was carried out among 2033 male adults incarcerated between January 1st and December 31st 2004. An administered questionnaire was proposed during the arrival visit to record social, administrative and penal data. Use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs was quantified. RESULTS In all, 1898 questionnaires were analysed. Comparison between alcohol-dependent (n=356) versus non alcohol-dependent inmates (n=1542), revealed that the alcohol-dependent population was older, mean age (34 years old versus 30 years, p<0.001), and had a higher unemployment rate (50% versus 39.4%, p<0.001). Alcohol addicts were more often repeated offenders (62% versus 50.7%, p=0.001), had a higher rate of Subutex mixture (11% versus 3.2%, p<0.001) and presented more psychic suffering (21% versus 6%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified use of psychotop drugs, use of psychoactive substances, age and familial situation as significantly and independently associated with the abusise alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Because of an elevated prevalence of alcohol dependence among arriving penitentiary inmates, effective screening is needed to prevent withdrawal syndrome and propose care adapted to the specific features of this dependent population: social insecurity and polydrug abuse.
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Nine-year downward trends in surgical site infection rate in southeast France (1995–2003). J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:127-34. [PMID: 17900755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) using a large SSI surveillance network in southeast France from 1995 to 2003. Data were analysed from 187 surgical wards that had participated in the network for at least two years. The change in SSI rate over time was modelled using a hierarchical logistic regression model with patients clustered within surgical wards. Of the 200 207 patients selected, 3786 (1.9%) had an SSI. The nine-year trend in SSI rate estimated by an odds ratio of 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.93-0.97) was interpreted as a 5% decrease in SSI rate per year. This decrease was constant over the study period and was observed for almost all of the different types of surgical operations (orthopaedic, gastrointestinal, urology, etc). Overall SSI rates were reduced by 45% over a period of nine years. This trend was maintained even when taking into account the heterogeneity of the surgical wards and the diversity of patient demographics over time. From this, the 5% decrease per year can be reasonably interpreted as a result of preventive measures taken by surgical wards to reduce SSIs.
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Characteristics and survival of HIV-infected patients not screened for hepatitis C virus infection in a hospital-based cohort. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:730-5. [PMID: 17875008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression or death of individuals coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is conflicting. The complete-case analysis systematically used, excludes patients unscreened for HCV. Our objective was to assess if rate of survival differed between HIV-infected patients screened and unscreened for HCV in a hospital-based prospective cohort study. Patients were enrolled in the Lyon section of the French Hospital Database on HIV between 1 July 1992 and 31 May 2005. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyse the association of HCV screening with survival. Of 3244 patients, 299 (9.2%) were not screened for HCV. The populations screened and unscreened differed by the proportion of acquired immune deficiency syndrome at baseline, presumed route of infection, CD4 cell count category at baseline, mean duration of follow-up, mean number of visits per year, type of antiretroviral therapy and survival. The rate of progression to death was higher for non-HCV-screened vs HCV-screened patients: the incidence rate among HCV-screened patients was 22.9/1000 patient-years; the incidence rate among HCV-unscreened patients was 52.4/1000 patient-years. The adjusted hazards ratio of death was 2.48 [95% confidence interval (1.83-3.35); P < 0.001] for patients with unknown HCV status compared with others. In conclusion, unscreened or unknown HCV status was associated with an increased risk of death in our hospital cohort. Important prognostic factors are related to, or confounded by the practice of HCV screening.
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P1932 REA-RAISIN:microbiology of national surveillance network of ICU-acquired infections, France, 2005. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O15 Changes in healthcare-associated infection rates in French maternity units from 1997 to 2003. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O321 REA-RAISIN:National surveillance network of ICU-acquired infections, France, 2005. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O320 European surveillance of ICU-acquired infections (HELICS-ICU), 2004–2005: ICU-acquired pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Screening campaign of hepatitis C among underprivileged people consulting in health centres of Lyon area, France. Eur J Public Health 2007; 17:263-71. [PMID: 17068003 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A screening campaign for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was carried out in eight health centres of Lyon from June 2003 until March 2004. The population targeted for screening was underprivileged individuals without any social insurance, protected by Couverture Mutuelle Universelle or Aide Médicale Etat (AME), to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in this population and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS After training in HCV infection and screening, 43 general practitioners participated in the campaign. Information about patient socio-demographics and risk factors was collected prior to proposing screening serology. Blood samples were often taken in health centres. Follow-up of positive cases was organised via the Reference Centre of HCV Infection in Lyon with possible specialised consultations in health centres. RESULTS The average age of the 988 individuals in the campaign was 37 years; 51% were women; 54% had a foreign nationality; 21% lived in sheltered accommodation; 19% were lodged in third-party accommodation; 9% were homeless; and 57% possessed less than euro562 (Revenu Minimum d'Insertion level). Screening was not proposed to nine patients because of medico-psychological problems. The acceptance rate for screening was 98.8% (967/979), and testing was carried out on 97.6% of these subjects (944/967). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the sample was 4.7% (44/944) (95% CI = 3.4-6.2). Nearly 80% of positive cases were unknown prior to the campaign. Multivariate logistic regression modelling identified lifetime injection drug use [odds ratios (OR) = 15.99; P < 0.0001], lifetime medical care in a foreign country (OR = 4.46; P = 0.001), and wearing tattoos (OR = 2.75; P = 0.048) as significant risk factors for carrying anti-HCV antibodies. Characteristics independently associated with HCV seropositivity were age between 40 and 49 years, AME benefits, and no social insurance. CONCLUSION Wide acceptance of screening, high prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies (much higher than in the French population in general), a high proportion of positive cases unknown beforehand, and satisfactory follow-up of seropositive patients are all factors which support the need for a screening campaign targeting HCV infection in underprivileged persons living in France.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the population of incoming prisoners in Lyon's prisons and to estimate the proportion of those who are drug users in order to adapt the psychological care which is made available at the time of entrance. During the entrance interview briefing session, a questionnaire was given to each new adult male inmate between January 1st and December 31st 2003. The mean age of new prisoners was 31 years old: 68.5% did not have regular employment in the last 12 months prior to their incarceration, and 52.8% had already been previously imprisoned. More than 64.0% of inmates declared either a regular use, an abusive use or dependence on tobacco, 16.5% on cannabis, 16.1% on alcohol, 2.5% on psychotropic medication, and 4.1% on other drugs (heroine, cocaine, or synthetic drugs). Moreover, 42.0% of drug users declared either a regular use, abusive consumption or dependence on at least two psycho active substances. These results confirm the need for effective screening for drug use upon entry into prison as a means of ensuring that appropriate psychological and/or psychiatric care of drug users, which is suitably adapted to the prison environment, can be provided.
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Abstract
With the aim of testing the feasibility of a multiresistant bacteria (MRB) surveillance methodology and evaluating the level of antimicrobial resistance and dissemination of resistant pathogens in the Mediterranean area, a pilot study was carried out in nine university hospitals in Algeria, Tunisia and France. The results indicate that third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae comprise the major MRB in Algerian and Tunisian hospitals. In France, the highest incidence rates were found for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, while in Tunisian hospitals, imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii seems to be a particularly prevalent organism. Although the data were not representative of the participating countries as a whole, the results show the importance and ubiquity of the problem in the area and the feasibility of surveillance.
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Multicentre study on hand hygiene facilities and practice in the Mediterranean area: results from the NosoMed Network. J Hosp Infect 2006; 62:311-8. [PMID: 16376457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hand hygiene literature is scarce in the southern Mediterranean area. In order to establish a baseline position, a study was performed in four Mediterranean countries. Seventy-seven hospital wards in 22 hospitals were enrolled and information on hand hygiene practice and facilities were collected. The overall compliance rate was very low (27.6%), and was significantly higher where the perceived risk was considered to be high. Intensive care units showed the highest level of compliance. Analysis by country indicated higher compliance in Egypt (52.8%) and Tunisia (32.3%) compared with Algeria (18.6%) and Morocco (16.9%). Facilities for hand hygiene, particularly consumables, were shown to be deficient. Multi-approach programmes combining the production of official local recommendations, education and regular evaluation of hand hygiene practice are much needed to improve the present situation.
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[Changing medical practices and nosocomial infection rates in French maternity units from 1997 to 2000]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:128-36. [PMID: 16108109 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study we describe the changes in medical practices and nosocomial infection rates in obstetrics observed through a surveillance network in the South East of France. MATERIAL AND METHOD The maternity units which belong to this network participated in voluntary surveillance using the network's methodology. The criteria for the diagnosis of nosocomial infections were in accordance with the methods described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS 101240 pregnancies including 18503 caesareans (18.3%) were included in the network from 1997 to 2000. During the study period, nosocomial infection rates following caesarean section and vaginal delivery decreased respectively from 7.8% to 4.3% (p < 0.001) and from 2.2% to 0.9% (p < 0.001). This evolution was compared with the evolution of collected risk factors. CONCLUSION In spite of the methodology limits, general value of surveillance and infection control programs in maternity units has been confirmed by the results of this surveillance network. During the study period, both obstetrics-related risk factors for nosocomial infection and observed hospital-acquired infection rates were dramatically reduced, what prove an improvement of quality of care in maternity units.
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P17.33 Changes in Healthcare Associated Infection Rates in French Maternity Units from 1997 to 2003. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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L'éducation du patient au sein des hôpitaux de Rhône-Alpes : état des lieux à partir d'une enquête déclarative. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2006; 18:549-58. [PMID: 17294758 DOI: 10.3917/spub.064.0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Health education is of growing interest for patients, medicals and health institutions in France. In order to develop this activity in the Rhône-Alpes region (France), a survey of hospital health education programs have been done. A first questionnaire was sent to the medical institutions in the Rhône-Alpes region in order to identify the different projects and their co-ordinators. A second questionnaire was sent to these co-ordinators in order to help them to describe as comprehensively as possible their project. The results were available for public use on a web site. Among the 326 medical institutions contacted, 117 answered from which 217 questionnaires were analysed. The analysis showed the importance attached to this activity, the variety of the institutions that organise it and the diversity of the topics. Management and promotion were less developed in these health education programs.
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A recent increase in AIDS at Lyon University Hospitals: patient characteristics and comparisons with previous years. HIV Med 2005; 7:59-63. [PMID: 16313294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 36% increase in the incidence of AIDS was observed in 2002/2003 compared with 2000/2001 at Lyon University Hospitals. OBJECTIVES We compared the characteristics of these patients with the characteristics of those diagnosed previously with AIDS. METHODS Data for all patients with AIDS diagnosed at Lyon University Hospitals were analyzed. The data were collected prospectively. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS The variables independently associated with an AIDS diagnosis in 2002/2003 compared with the 1985-1989 period were: homosexual exposure [odds ratio (OR) 0.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.8]; heterosexual exposure in an endemic area (OR 22.5; 95% CI 6.8-74.8), compared with other exposure to HIV; lymphoma as initial AIDS event (OR 10.3; 95% CI 2.7-39.1) compared with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; and age at first AIDS event aged 34-38 years (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.4), aged 39-46 years (OR 5.1; 95% CI 2.2-11.8), and aged 47-84 years (OR 10.6; 95% CI 4.5-25.1) compared with aged <30 years. The variables independently associated with an AIDS diagnosis in 2002/2003 compared with the 1997/2001 period were age at first AIDS event aged 34-38 years (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.9) compared with aged <30 years. CONCLUSION Recently diagnosed AIDS patients differed from those diagnosed previously, showing an epidemic switch in different populations. The characteristics of the AIDS population in 2002/2003 might reflect public health messages disseminated around 10 years ago or more for the prevention of HIV transmission. Anticipation of populations affected by the AIDS epidemic is difficult.
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Prevalence and sexual risk of hepatitis C virus infection when human immunodeficiency virus was acquired through sexual intercourse among patients of the Lyon University Hospitals, France, 1992-2002. J Viral Hepat 2005; 12:330-2. [PMID: 15850476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To report the prevalence and the risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a hospital cohort of 2691 sexually human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The patients were enrolled in the Lyon section of the French Hospital Database on HIV between 1992 and 2002. Baseline characteristics were analysed. The detection of HCV-antibodies (Ab) was used for diagnosis. The HCV-Ab prevalence rate was 5.7 and 12.89% for individuals infected by HIV after homosexual intercourse or heterosexual intercourse, respectively. HCV-Ab was three times more frequently found among patients infected with HIV after heterosexual intercourse compared with patients infected with HIV after homosexual intercourse (adjusted OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.28-4.62, multiple logistic regression). The risk of HCV infection among HIV-infected individuals differed according to sexual behaviour. The determinants associated with HCV transmission through the sexual route needs to be explored further.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses infection are particularly high among underprivileged persons (UPP) related to the use of injecting drug, residence in high endemic countries or a low rate of condom use in case of multiple sexual partners. It is important to know whether these persons are well aware of prevention measures for these infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate the knowledge of preventive measures among UPP and, at the same time, among health- and social-care workers (H/S-CWs). METHODS The study was conducted in 68 salvation settings. The H/S-CWs filled out once 9-item self-administered questionnaires on HBV and HCV, concerning the illnesses, and their transmission, prevention, and screening. A similar questionnaire was proposed by H/S-CWs, to UPP after each interview. All answers were grouped into 4 categories: true (one right item or more), false, unknown, no answer. RESULTS One thousand nine hundred twenty one questionnaires were collected: 312 were from H/S-CWs and 1609 from UPP. The answer rate was 100% for H/S-CWs and 92.7% among the UPP population. Knowledge about HBV and HCV was better for H-CWs compared to S-CWs. For HBV, routes of transmission was the best known field (85.2% of right answers) and use of blood sample screening was the least known field (54.2%). Vaccination was advanced by 50.6% of H/S-CWs. For HCV, routes of transmission were also the best known field (65.9%) while preventive measures were frequently unknown (22.0%). Among the UPP, blood sample screening was the best known field for HBV (34.5% of right answers) as for HCV (27.5%). Knowledge about the routes of transmission and the populations at risk was very low for HBV (28.2% and 15.5%) and for HCV (9.4% and 5.1%). The analyses of each response showed that the rates of wrong answers were much higher for H/S-CWs compared to UPP. On the other hand the rates of "unknown" answer were higher in the UPP. This finding suggests that H/S-CWs had a false perception of knowing relevant information on HBV and HCV. The high proportion of no answer among UPP confirmed their ignorance of those diseases. CONCLUSION The UPP needs appropriate information on HBV and HCV. This information could be delivered by H/S-CWs. However, preliminary training, particularly for S-CWs, might improve their insufficient knowledge at the present time.
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Role of host plant alternation in the precocity and intensity of parasitoid activity on of cereal aphids. COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2005; 70:581-91. [PMID: 16628892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management programs tend to reduce the chemical input by enhancing the development of biological control. Cereal aphids cause important damages to winter wheat in Europe but are currently under the pressure of several parasitoid species (Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Previous ecological studies have reported the existence of an asynchrony between aphid and parasitoid populations in early spring in cereal cultures. Here, we tested the presence of rose bushes (Rosa rugosa) as a host plant for alternative aphid-host. Aphid and parasitoid densities were recorded for two years using the plant cutting sampling method. The main results were: (i) rose bushes constitute a potential reservoir of alternative aphid hosts species for a number of parasitoid and predator species, (ii) rose aphids appear earlier in spring and were more abundant than the aphids on wheat, (iii) parasitism activity in rose bushes is synchronized with cereal fields, however (iv) rose bushes management did not induce a decrease of cereal aphid population.
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Survival in HIV-infected patients is associated with hepatitis C virus infection and injecting drug use since the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Lyon observational database. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11:559-62. [PMID: 15500557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of death in HIV-infected patients but various rates of survival have been reported due to the infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the use of injecting drugs (IDU). A survival analysis was performed to estimate and compare the death rates in HIV-positive patients infected by IDU and/or positive for HCV antibodies in the pre-HAART and HAART periods in Lyon (France) between 1992 and 2002. Patients were stratified into four groups (G): HCV-/IDU-(G1), HCV+/IDU-(G2), HCV+/IDU-(G3), HCV+/IDU+ (G4) and adjusted death rates in the pre-HAART era (< 1996) and the HAART era (> or = 1996) were compared. The aHR of progression to death was 1.05 (95% CI 0.75-1.47, P = 0.75) for G2, 1.09 (95% CI 0.54-2.22, P = 0.81) for G3 and 0.90 (95% CI 0.65-1.24, P =0.51) for G4 compared with G1 in the pre-HAART era. The aHR of progression to death was 0.76 (95% CI 0.28-2.08, P = 0.59) for G2, 1.23 (95% CI 0.17-8.86, P = 0.84) for G3 and 2.90 (95% CI 1.62-5.20, P < 0.001) for G4, compared with G1 in the HAART era. HAART management of HCV+/IDU+ patients needs to be optimized for them to achieve a similar benefit as observed among other individuals.
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[Resources and organization of 124 health-care institutions in South-East France for standard precautions and isolation]. Med Mal Infect 2004; 34:477-84. [PMID: 15747473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors had aimed to evaluate resources and organization necessary for applying guidelines issued 5 years earlier in various institutions: standard precautions, septic isolation, prevention against spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Volunteer institutions were surveyed for hygiene product consumption, architectural requirements, inventory of protocols, description septic patients'management, and available personnel. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four institutions (40,784 beds) were included in the study. Eleven percent had no hygiene physician or nurse; the rates of personnel specialized in hygiene practice were 0.4 physicians per 800 beds and 0.8 registered nurses per 400 beds. Eighty-eight percent of the studied institutions had a protocol for standard precautionary measures, 77% had a septic isolation protocol. A multidrug-resistant bacteria identification sheet was attached to examination reports in 87% of cases. Multidrug-resistant bacteria screening was practiced by 18.1% of the institutions. Hygiene product consumption for 1000 days of hospitalization was 7861 disposable gloves, 2.3 1 of hydroalcoholic solution, and 63 disposable gowns. 28.9% of the wards lacked water hand washing points, 32.2% had no sinks, and 48.5% had no local equipment maintenance. In addition, 40.7% of the beds were in single rooms, 4.8% of the institutions had no single rooms. Differences were observed depending on specialties and institutions. CONCLUSION Analysis of consumption shows insufficient application of standard precautions, notably for hydroalcoholic solutions. The number of single rooms is acceptable, architectural requirements were not adequate in too many wards. These results can explain some problems encountered in applying the guidelines.
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P6-8 La stabilité de l’incidence du zona contraste avec la réduction de l’incidence des autres infections opportunistes chez les patients traités par multithérapie et dont la date de séroconversion pour le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine est connue. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Does intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis decrease the incidence of maternal group B streptococcal infections? J Hosp Infect 2004; 58:85-6. [PMID: 15350719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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P6-4 Facteurs associés au délai d’initiation d’un premier traitement antirétroviral chez les patients séroconverteurs suivis à Lyon entre 1985 et 2002. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Characteristics of patients diagnosed with AIDS shortly after first detection of HIV antibodies in Lyon University hospitals from 1985 to 2001*. HIV Med 2004; 5:273-7. [PMID: 15236616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of AIDS shortly after the detection of HIV antibodies suggests a long-lasting course of the disease without care. The factors associated with a short delay between the initial HIV-1-positive test and the first AIDS-defining event were identified in 1901 patients from 1985 to 2001 in Lyon University hospitals. A total of 576 individuals (30.3%) had an interval of </=3 months between the detection of HIV infection and AIDS. The factors independently associated with a delay of </=3 months were: age from 30 to 44 years [odds ratio (OR) 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-3.2]; age from 45 to 59 years (OR 5.6; 95% CI 3.9-7.8); age >/=60 years (OR 4.5; 95% CI 2.5-8.1), compared to those<30 years old; heterosexuality (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.4); injection drug use (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-2.7); and other exposures (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.4), compared to homosexual exposure; two opportunistic infections at AIDS (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.4) compared to one; and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as initial AIDS event (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.8-3.7), compared to Kaposi's sarcoma. These results provide opportunities to refocus local public health interventions to reduce delayed access to care.
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The procedures of hygiene to control hospital-acquired diarrhoea in paediatric wards: a multicentre audit. J Hosp Infect 2004; 57:44-51. [PMID: 15142715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An audit was carried out in paediatric wards to study the compliance of healthcare workers (HCWs) to the procedures recommended for the control of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. Thirty-two paediatric wards in the southeast of France participated on a voluntary basis in this prospective observational study after completing a self-administered questionnaire recording measures of hygiene. All the observations were made by the same investigator and focused on preventive procedures: use of single room, handwashing, hand disinfection, overclothing, single-use gloves and masks. Two hundred and seventy patient-HCW contacts were observed, including mainly diapering, temperature measurement, collection of blood sample and catheter care. The isolation of patients in a single room and use of gowns by HCWs were significantly associated with diarrhoea. Whereas handwashing before care was performed by HCWs in more than 95% of all the procedures, the compliance in the use of disposable gloves by HCWs was only of 39.4% for technical procedures (including those with potential exposure to blood) and 20.3% for diapering or temperature measurement. A substantial agreement between reported and observed measures of hygiene was observed for handwashing before contact and hand disinfection with antimicrobial soap before contact. In contrast, this agreement was moderate for use of single room, handwashing after contact, overclothing and wearing disposable gloves after a diaper change. Despite the excellent compliance of HCWs to handwashing, clearer recommendations for the indication and use of disinfectants and disposable gloves are urgently needed.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the characteristics of 1899 patients diagnosed with AIDS at Lyon University Hospitals (LUH) across four time periods corresponding to different antiretroviral eras, and to analyse the evolution of specific AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) with time. METHODS All AIDS patients at LUH between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2000 were included in the study. The data were compared using the chi(2) test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The absolute number of new AIDS cases increased by 30.3% between 1985 and 1995 but decreased by 26.5% between 1996 and 2000. The proportion of women with AIDS increased significantly (P<0.001) and mean age at diagnosis also increased significantly over time (P<0.001). The proportion of infection through heterosexual contact increased dramatically, while that through homo/bisexual intercourse or injection drug use (IDU) decreased significantly (P<0.001). The absolute number of ADIs declined with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) (P<10(-6)). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remained the leading ADI in 1996-2000 (23.3%). A significant increase in the proportion of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was observed over time (P<10(-5)) but the number of new NHL cases decreased during HIV infection after 1996. CONCLUSIONS The decline in the incidence of AIDS with the advent of HAART was confirmed in our hospital cohort. The gradual increase in the proportion of NHL among ADIs underscores the long latency period between infection with HIV and the achievement of an effect of HAART on HIV-associated lymphomagenesis.
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Suivi prospectif des diarrhées nosocomiales dans 28 services de pédiatrie du quart Sud-Est de la France au cours d’un trimestre d’hiver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 52:131-7. [PMID: 15063932 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2003.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 06/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of hospital-acquired diarrhoea during an epidemic period through a prospective multicentre observational study. A systemic investigation of the hospital-acquired diarrhoea (occurring at least 48 h after hospital admission) was conducted through a standardised questionnaire from January to March 1999 in patients of 5 years old or less hospitalised in 28 wards (620 beds) belonging to 20 hospitals located in the south-east part of France. Overall, 241 cases of hospital-acquired diarrhoea were collected, corresponding to a prevalence of 3.3% (3.6% after exclusion of patients admitted for diarrhoea) and a density of incidence of 0.81 per 100 days of hospitalisation. The mean stay duration of hospital-infected patients was greater than 10 days, versus 3.9 days for the other children (P < 0.001). A readmission was required in 27% of the infected children. Rotavirus was involved in 97.8% of microbiologically documented cases (88%). In 50% of the cases, the hospital-acquired diarrhoea was seen in patients with bronchiolitis. Contact isolation measures were prescribed in 88.4% of the cases. These results stress that hospital-acquired diarrhoea represent an important medical and economic load for paediatric units and could be used as reference data to evaluate the impact of preventive measures, especially to reduce readmission and mean stay duration.
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Missing data and participation or non-participation in a surgical-site infection surveillance network. J Hosp Infect 2004; 56:81-2. [PMID: 14706282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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[Surveillance of infections in chronic hemodialysis patients]. NEPHROLOGIE 2004; 25:133-40. [PMID: 15291141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm rates of infections from a previous survey in chronic hemodialysis patients; to get information about incidents and manipulations of vascular access-site, number and reasons of hospitalisation; to asses a relationship between the frequency of vascular access-site infections (VASI) and quality of care during the procedures of vascular access-site use. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter survey performed from February 2000 to January 2001, including all patients underwent chronic hemodialysis in 5 participating centers. Standardized definitions used and different clinical and biological risk factors recorded. RESULTS 429 patients for a total of 4273 dialysis months (DM) were enrolled. 245 infections in 164 infected patients were reported. The overall rate was 5.73 infections per 100 DM (18 VASI, 25 bacteraemia, 84 respiratory, 29 urinary tract, 1 endocarditis and 88 other infections). 50% of infections were microbiologically documented. 19 of 21 antibiotics resistant microorganisms were meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to the incidence rate of fistula (0.05 per 1000 days of follow-up) or prosthesis related VASI (0.11), the incidence rate of catheter related VASI (0.65) was significantly higher. Poor hygiene and duration of catheter use were the significant risk factors for VASI showed by logistic analysis regression. VASI and bacteraemia occurred more frequently after incident or manipulation of the vascular access-site. The decrease of VASI between the 2 periods of survey was significantly higher in centers having reduced the catheter use and implemented written protocols. CONCLUSIONS This second period of surveillance has confirmed the frequency of infections rate in chronic hemodialysis patients and particularly bacteraemia and VASI. This study has allowed to establish risk factors for infections and showed that VASI in hemodialysis are related to factors in part preventable.
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Facteurs associés à une prise en charge tardive des patients infectés par le VIH : revue de la littérature. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2004; 16:147-56. [PMID: 15185592 DOI: 10.3917/spub.041.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, Australia and Europe, many HIV infected individuals are still diagnosed and/or treated late in the course of the disease. This literature review of studies published over a ten year period between 1993 and 2003 has identified the following principle factors associated with the late diagnosis of HIV: male gender, aged older than 45 years, heterosexual intercourse, the lack of previous screening. It also identified the factors linked to the delay in beginning anti-retroviral treatment as being male gender, the lack of awareness or denial of the possibility of HIV infection, intravenous drug use, lack of post-screening follow-up or counseling, lack of social protection, and the lack of regular medical visits and care. Early detection and suitable early treatment of the HIV virus are the main determining factors which will effectively contribute to the control and maintenance of the virus in as much as they are focused upon these particular at-risk populations.
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