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Gerth van Wijk R, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Gayraud J, Gutermuth J, Hamelmann E, Heffler E, Popov TA, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Tomazic PV, Tsilochristou O, Muelleneisen N. The roadmap for allergology in Europe: The subspecialty of allergology as "stop-over" on the way to a full specialty. An EAACI position statement. Allergy 2018; 73:540-548. [PMID: 28960379 DOI: 10.1111/all.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vision of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the Union of European Medical Specialists Section and Board on allergology is to promote and to establish a full specialty of allergology in all European countries. In many European countries, a full specialty does not exist. In those countries, organ-based (sub)specialists or paediatricians and internists with an expertise in allergology may deliver allergy care. There are no generally accepted requirements for the training of subspecialists available. To fill the gap between the need and availability of experienced and accredited physicians who can deliver optimal care to the allergic patients, the EAACI Specialty Committee proposes the minimal requirements for training and certification of subspecialists in allergology. This paper describes the required theoretical knowledge, skills, competences and training facilities (staff and institution). The subspecialist as described in this paper should ideally show the necessary competence in providing good quality care to patients in an environment lacking those full specialists in allergology or tertiary care paediatric subspecialists in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology; Deparment of Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - I. Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit and Research Laboratory; Regional University Hospital of Malaga and Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Malaga Spain
| | | | - J. Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - E. Hamelmann
- Children's Center; Bethel Clinic; Bielefeld Germany
- Allergy Center; Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - E. Heffler
- Personalized Medicine; Asthma and Allergy Clinic - Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University and Research Center; Milan Italy
| | - T. A. Popov
- Clinic of Allergy and Asthma; Medical University Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - P. Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE; Davos Switzerland
| | - P. V. Tomazic
- Department of General Otorhinolaryngology, H&NS; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - O. Tsilochristou
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology; King's College London; London UK
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Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Goldberg BJ, Gayraud J, Bircher AJ, Casale T, Li J, Sanchez-Borges M, Rosenwasser LJ, Pawankar R, Papadopoulos NG, Demoly P. Constructing a classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. Allergy 2015; 70:609-15. [PMID: 25736171 DOI: 10.1111/all.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global allergy community strongly believes that the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) offers a unique opportunity to improve the classification and coding of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases via inclusion of a specific chapter dedicated to this disease area to facilitate epidemiological studies, as well as to evaluate the true size of the allergy epidemic. In this context, an international collaboration has decided to revise the classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases and to validate it for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. After careful comparison between ICD-10 and 11 beta phase linearization codes, we identified gaps and trade-offs allowing us to construct a classification proposal, which was sent to the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) sections, interest groups, executive committee as well as the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) leaderships. The crowdsourcing process produced comments from 50 of 171 members contacted by e-mail. The classification proposal has also been discussed at face-to-face meetings with experts of EAACI sections and interest groups and presented in a number of business meetings during the 2014 EAACI annual congress in Copenhagen. As a result, a high-level complex structure of classification for hypersensitivity/allergic diseases has been constructed. The model proposed has been presented to the WHO groups in charge of the ICD revision. The international collaboration of allergy experts appreciates bilateral discussion and aims to get endorsement of their proposals for the final ICD-11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. A. Calderon
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Imperial College London; National Heart and Lung Institute; Royal Brompton Hospital; London UK
| | - B. J. Goldberg
- Kaiser-Permanente Southern California Regional Allergy-Immunology Laboratory; Los Angeles, CA USA
- International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - A. J. Bircher
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - T. Casale
- Internal Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - J. Li
- Division of Allergic Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - M. Sanchez-Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department; Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad; Caracas Venezuela
| | - L. J. Rosenwasser
- Division of Immunology Research; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics; Kansas City MO USA
| | - R. Pawankar
- Division of Allergy; Department of Pediatrics; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. G. Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health; Institute of Human Development; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Allergy; 2nd Pediatric Clinic; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - P. Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Paris 06; UMR-S 1136; IPLESP; Equipe EPAR; Paris France
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de Monchy JG, Demoly P, Akdis CA, Cardona V, Papadopoulos NG, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Gayraud J. Allergology in Europe, the blueprint. Allergy 2013; 68:1211-8. [PMID: 24053537 DOI: 10.1111/all.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with allergic diseases in Europe, and thus relevant demand for health care, is continuously increasing. In this EAACI-UEMS position paper, a rationale is given for the medical specialty of allergology. General practitioners and general paediatricians usually cannot elucidate and address all causative factors. Throughout Europe, therefore, the expertise of allergologists (allergists) is required. In collaboration with other medical professionals, they take care of allergic patients, in private practices or in specialized public centres. A well-structured collaboration between allergists and allergy centres offers the possibility of rapid signalling of new trends developing in the population of allergic patients (e.g., in food and drug allergy). Allergy centres also can perform clinical (and basic) research, teach medical students, future allergists and provide postgraduate training. To prevent that the quality of care in one or several countries within Europe lags behind developments in other countries, the UEMS Section and Board on Allergology together with the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology advocates the status of a full specialty of allergology in each European country, with a further intention to align their activities (blueprint, curriculum and centre visitation) with the UEMS Section of Paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. de Monchy
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen; the Netherlands
| | - P. Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier; Montpellier; France
| | - C. A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos; Switzerland
| | - V. Cardona
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona; Spain
| | | | | | - J. Gayraud
- Polyclinique de l'Ormeau; Tarbes; France
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Guenard-Bilbault L, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Papadopoulos A, Beaumont P, Menetrey C, Beaudouin E, Gayraud J, Drouet M, Sansas B, Crepet A. Allergie à l’arachide en France : premiers résultats de l’étude pilote du programme MIRABEL : « Approche intégrée pour l’évaluation du risque et des coûts/bénéfices liés aux allergènes alimentaires ». Revue Française d'Allergologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Moneret-Vautrin DA, Peltre G, Gayraud J, Morisset M, Renaudin JM, Martin A. Prevalence of sensitisation to oilseed rape and maize pollens in France: a multi-center study carried out by the Allergo-Vigilance Network. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 44:225-235. [PMID: 23441440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oilseed rape and maize crops represent a large part of agriculture fields in European countries. OBJECTIVE To establish the actual prevalence of sensitization to oilseed rape and maize pollen, and to determine if this is correlated to the amount of exposure as well as to the patient's history of atopy or asymptomatic atopy. METHODS The study was conducted by 69 allergists belonging to the Allergo-Vigilance Network, in collaboration with the French Agency for Safety of food, and compiles the results of skin prick-tests using oilseed rape and maize pollens and seeds, as well as common aeroallergens. The patients were classified into 3 groups: nonatopic, asymptomatic atopy, and actual atopic diseases. RESULTS Among the 5372 subjects studied (2515 children, 2857 adults), 62.3% had an atopic disease, 10.2% had an asymptomatic atopy, and 27.5% were non-atopic. The level of sensitization was higher in the subjects with atopic disease, as compared to those with asymptomatic atopy: oilseed rape pollen: 11.8% vs 8%, maize pollen, 26% vs 19%, oilseed rape seeds, 7.7% vs 6.9%, corn seeds: 8.3% vs 4.8% (p < 0.001). The rate of sensitization was significantly increased in those living in high crop density regions. The association of an atopic disease with a high rate of exposure yielded a higher rate of sensitization of 13.8% and 21.3% for rapeseed pollen, and 22.9% and 30.7% for maize pollen in both children and adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of sensitisation to rapeseed and maize pollen is positively correlated to the level of exposure. This prevalence is higher in patients with actual atopic disease as compared to those with asymptomatic atopy. The frequency of sensitization confirms the allergenicity of these plants destined for food supply and demonstrates the importance of monitoring for respiratory allergies to these pollens, not only in workers exposed to these types of crops, but also in atopic patients living in regions that contain a high density of rapeseed and maize fields. Cross-reactivities between pollens and seeds could potentially elicit cross-reacting food allergies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Allergens/immunology
- Brassica rapa/immunology
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Crops, Agricultural/immunology
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Incidence
- Inhalation Exposure
- Intradermal Tests
- Pollen/immunology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prevalence
- Residence Characteristics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Zea mays/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moneret-Vautrin
- Nancy University, Allergy Vigilance Network, 15 rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France.
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de Blay F, Doyen V, Bloch-Morot E, Caillot D, Gayraud J, de Laval A, Thillay A, Vassal P. Amélioration du processus décisionnel pour l’application du décret APSI : l’expérience française. Revue Française d'Allergologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gayraud J, Mairesse M, Fontaine JF, Thillay A, Leduc V, Rancé F, Parisot L, Moneret-Vautrin DA. The prevalence of sensitization to lupin flour in France and Belgium: a prospective study in 5,366 patients, by the Allergy Vigilance Network. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 41:17-22. [PMID: 19496348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of sensitization to lupin flour in patients consulting allergists, in order to evaluate the risk of primary and secondary allergies to lupin. METHODS A prospective study carried out by members of the Allergy Vigilance Network, using prick-tests with a commercial lupin flour extract in patients with various allergic symptoms. The study design classified patients into four groups: peanut allergy, current atopic disease, latent atopy, no atopy. Data were collected and analysed by Network coordinators. RESULTS Over a two-month period, 88 French and Belgian allergists tested 5,366 patients: 2,680 children and 2,686 adults aged over 16 years. Of the 2,680 children, 11.15% presented with peanut allergy. The frequency of cross-reactivity with lupin was 17.1% for patients with peanut allergy, 2.5% for children with current atopic disease and 1.7% for healthy children with latent atopy. In the 2,686 adults, peanut allergy was diagnosed in 1.86% of patients with cross-reactivity to lupin in 14.6%. Sensitization to lupin was detected in 3.7% of patients with current atopic disease and in 1.8% of those with latent atopy. CONCLUSION The relative frequency of latent sensitisation to lupin in patients of all ages presenting with atopic disease is a new factor indicating the likelihood of an increase in primary food allergies to lupin flour. This justifies the recent decision requiring mandatory labelling of lupin, and shows the need to inform consumers who may be unaware that this ingredient is being used increasingly. Sensitization to lupin should be searched by prick-tests in any case of peanut allergy. Prick-test to lupin may be valuable whenever a food allergy is suspected when no current food allergens have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gayraud
- Allergy Vigilance Network, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, Nancy Cedex, France
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Bonini S, Ansotegui IJ, Durham S, Frew AJ, Lötvall J, Nekam K, Popov T, Dahl R, Gayraud J, Gerth van Wijk R, Kontou-Fili K, Kowalski M, Todo-Bon A, Wahn U. Allergy and Clinical Immunology Services in Europe. Allergy 2006; 61:1191-6. [PMID: 16942567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Bonini
- Second University of Naples and INMM-CNR, Rome, Italy
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Braido F, Popov T, Ansotegui IJ, Gayraud J, Nekam KL, Delgado JL, Malling HJ, Olson S, Larchè M, Negri A, Canonica GW. Continuing Medical Education: an international reality. Allergy 2005; 60:739-42. [PMID: 15876302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We are all aware today of the growing interest in continuing medical education (CME) programmes in many European Countries and it is important to understand why and how CME could become an international reality. It is obvious that patients need a good doctor--the best possible--as far as medical knowledge, attention to the patient's quality of life and cost-control is concerned. All European health care systems have to take into consideration everything that causes patient dissatisfaction, risk management and unjustified expenses. An example is the increase of claims and complaints against doctors and the strong attention of patients to medical procedures. In other words, medicine worldwide is becoming a service industry and has to consider quality and quantity of performances as well as to pay attention to personal responsibility. The object of our work is to evaluate the CME systems present in Europe, to show the work done on CME by the CME Committee of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and to highlight the Consensus Report on CME approved by an international panel of CME experts.
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Malling HJ, Gayraud J, Papageorgiu-Saxoni P, Hornung B, Rosado-Pinto J, Del Giacco SG. Objectives of training and specialty training core curriculum in allergology and clinical immunology. Allergy 2004; 59:579-88. [PMID: 15147442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-J Malling
- Section/Board of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, European Union of Medical Specialists, Allergy Clinic 4222, National University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9m DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Gayraud J, Occelli M, Antoine LC, Maitrot C. [The problems of the child with food allergies]. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 35:22-5. [PMID: 12643087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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12
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Gayraud J, Lapalisse G, Occelli M. [Management of allergic children in rural and urban environments. Results of our experience in a health network setting in the High Pyrenes]. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 2001; 33:182-4. [PMID: 11434199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The allergic children management at school seems to be more and more difficult, especially in rural areas. Far from the Universitary Hospital centres how to achieve the right diagnosis? In the country side school, inaccessible for the Emergency services, how to manage an efficient interventional group? The "Hauts Pyrénéens" practitioners have decided to set up a Health care Network to answer this requirement. A managing team includes the DDASS Inspector Physician (MISP), the Academy Inspector technical advisor Physician (MRDCT) and an Allergologist Practitioner. Two commissions have been set up within the network: An administrative Commission, managed by the both MISP and MRDCT, is devoted to the maternal and elementary school on one side and to the secondary schools on the other side. It is in contact with the local collectivities, the veterinary services and the centralised kitchens. A medical Commission including the Allergologist practitioners, the school health and "PMI" physicians of the Hautes-Pyrénées department works to specify a diagnosis and therapeutic consensual methodology. The necessary valuation focuses first the whole net work management as well as the Welcome Individualised Project itself, each time it is carried out at a school level.
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13
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Decouzon M, Gal JF, Gayraud J, Maria PC, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance study of the gas-phase acidities of germane and methylgermane; Bond dissociation energy of germane. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1993; 4:54-57. [PMID: 24234744 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85042-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1992] [Revised: 08/07/1992] [Accepted: 08/17/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An accurate gas-phase acidity for germane (enthalpy scale, equivalent to the proton affinity of GeH3 (-)), ΔH acid (o)(GeH4) = 1502.0 ± 5.1 kJ mol(-1), is obtained by constructing a consistent acidity ladder between GeH4, and H2S by using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry, and 0 and 298.15 K values for the first bond dissociation energy of GeH4 are proposed: D0 (o)(H3Ge-H) = 352 ± 9 kJ mol(-1); D (o)(H3Ge-H) = 358 ± 9 kJ mol(-1), respectively. These results are compared with experimental and theoretical data reported in the literature. Methylgermane was found to be a weaker acid than germane by approximately 35 kJ mol(-1): ΔH acid (o) = 1536.6 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Decouzon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique, Groupe FT-ICR, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Part Valrose, 06108, Nice Cédex 2, France
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14
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De Moüy D, Armengaud M, Lefevre M, Discamps G, Pagnon M, Mairey D, Auriol JC, Declercq G, Lepargneur JP, Gayraud J. [Frequency of germ isolation from urinary infections in community practice; their sensitivity to 7 antibiotics including a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Evaluation on 1611 samples]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1989; 37:402-5. [PMID: 2674870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A multicenter study including 10 outpatient private laboratories (hospital laboratories excluded) was carried out in France. 1,611 urines samples from patients with UTI were collected during the forth trimester of 1987. The most frequently recovered pathogens were: E. coli (71%), Proteus mirabilis (9%), Staphylococcus coagulase (6%), Klebsiella (6%), Enterobacter (2%). Other sorts (Streptococcus D, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp) were infrequent (less than 1%). The sensitivity of the aerobic Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin, clavulanic acid-amoxicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, pipemidic acid, norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Moüy
- Association pour la Formation Continue en Pathologie Infectieuse des Biologistes (AFORCOPI-BIO), Paris
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Gayraud J. [Status of cancer in South Vietnam as seeen in 10 years of work at the histopathological laboratory of the Grall Hospital]. Med Trop (Mars) 1968; 28:511-20. [PMID: 5743978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Gayraud J, Caron M. [Shigellosis and septicemia. 4 new cases]. Med Trop (Mars) 1968; 28:529-36. [PMID: 5743979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Bezon AG, Forcain M, Granger C, Archawski R, Montesquieu R, Gayraud J. [Hemorrhagic fever transmitted by mosquitoes in Saigon (78 cases)]. Med Trop (Mars) 1968; 28:199-214. [PMID: 4386503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Languillon J, Plagnol H, Saboret J, Gayraud J, Giraudeau P. [The leper's liver]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1966; 59:22-31. [PMID: 6012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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