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Loncle C, Molejon MI, Lac S, Tellechea JI, Lomberk G, Gramatica L, Fernandez Zapico MF, Dusetti N, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. The pancreatitis-associated protein VMP1, a key regulator of inducible autophagy, promotes Kras(G12D)-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2295. [PMID: 27415425 PMCID: PMC4973346 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both clinical and experimental evidence have firmly established that chronic pancreatitis, in particular in the context of Kras oncogenic mutations, predisposes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the repertoire of molecular mediators of pancreatitis involved in Kras-mediated initiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis remains to be fully defined. In this study we demonstrate a novel role for vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), a pancreatitis-associated protein critical for inducible autophagy, in the regulation of Kras-induced PDAC initiation. Using a newly developed genetically engineered model, we demonstrate that VMP1 increases the ability of Kras to give rise to preneoplastic lesions, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs). This promoting effect of VMP1 on PanIN formation is due, at least in part, by an increase in cell proliferation combined with a decrease in apoptosis. Using chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, we show that this drug antagonizes the effect of VMP1 on PanIN formation. Thus, we conclude that VMP1-mediated autophagy cooperate with Kras to promote PDAC initiation. These findings are of significant medical relevance, molecules targeting autophagy are currently being tested along chemotherapeutic agents to treat PDAC and other tumors in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - M I Molejon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - S Lac
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - J I Tellechea
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - G Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - L Gramatica
- Department of Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentine
| | | | - N Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - R Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - J L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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2
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Emma MR, Iovanna JL, Bachvarov D, Puleio R, Loria GR, Augello G, Candido S, Libra M, Gulino A, Cancila V, McCubrey JA, Montalto G, Cervello M. NUPR1, a new target in liver cancer: implication in controlling cell growth, migration, invasion and sorafenib resistance. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2269. [PMID: 27336713 PMCID: PMC5143401 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the only approved agent for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its benefits are modest, and as its mechanisms of action remain elusive, a better understanding of its anticancer effects is needed. Based on our previous study results, we investigated here the implication of the nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) in HCC and its role in sorafenib treatment. NUPR1 is a stress-inducible protein that is overexpressed in various malignancies, but its role in HCC is not yet fully understood. We found that NUPR1 expression was significantly higher in primary human HCC samples than in the normal liver. Knockdown of NUPR1 significantly increased cell sensitivity to sorafenib and inhibited the cell growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NUPR1 silencing influenced the expression of RELB and IER3 genes. Unsurprisingly, RELB and IER3 knockdown also inhibited HCC cell viability, growth and migration. Using gene expression profiling of HCC cells following stable NUPR1 knockdown, we found that genes functionally involved in cell death and survival, cellular response to therapies, lipid metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, molecular transport and cellular movement were mostly suppressed. Network analysis of dynamic gene expression identified NF-κB and ERK as downregulated gene nodes, and several HCC-related oncogenes were also suppressed. We identified Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene as a NUPR1-regulated gene and demonstrated that RUNX2 gene silencing inhibits HCC cell viability, growth, migration and increased cell sensitivity to sorafenib. We propose that the NUPR1/RELB/IER3/RUNX2 pathway has a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The identification of the NUPR1/RELB/IER3/RUNX2 pathway as a potential therapeutic target may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Emma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J L Iovanna
- INSERM UMR1068, Center of Research in Cancerology of Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
| | - D Bachvarov
- Cancer Research Centre, Hôpital L'Hotel-Dieu de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City (Quebec), Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City (Quebec), Canada
| | - R Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Palermo, Italy
| | - G R Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Augello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - G Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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3
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Barbosa-Sampaio HC, Drynda R, Liu B, Rodriguez De Ledesma AM, Malicet C, Iovanna JL, Jones PM, Muller DS, Persaud SJ. Reduced nuclear protein 1 expression improves insulin sensitivity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance through up-regulation of heat shock protein 70. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:962-9. [PMID: 25638293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that deletion of the stress-regulated nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) protected against obesity-associated metabolic alterations due to increased beta cell mass, but complete Nupr1 ablation was not advantageous since it led to insulin resistance on a normal diet. The current study used Nupr1 haplodeficient mice to investigate whether a partial reduction in Nupr1 expression conferred beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. Islet number, morphology and area, assessed by immunofluorescence and morphometric analyses, were not altered in Nupr1 haplodeficient mice under normal diet conditions and nor was beta cell BrdU incorporation. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated that there were no significant changes in in vivo insulin secretion and glucose clearance in Nupr1 haplodeficient mice, and beta cell function in vitro was normal. However, reduced Nupr1 expression decreased visceral fat deposition and significantly increased insulin sensitivity in vivo. In contrast to wild type animals, high fat diet-fed Nupr1 haplodeficient mice were not hyperinsulinaemic or glucose intolerant, and their sustained insulin sensitivity was demonstrated by appropriate insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, as determined by Western blotting. At the molecular level, measurements of gene expression levels and promoter activities identified Nupr1-dependent inhibition of heat shock factor-1-induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression as a mechanism through which Nupr1 regulates insulin sensitivity. We have shown for the first time that Nupr1 plays a central role in inhibiting Hsp70 expression in tissues regulating glucose homeostasis, and reductions in Nupr1 expression could be used to protect against the metabolic defects associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Barbosa-Sampaio
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - R Drynda
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - B Liu
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - A M Rodriguez De Ledesma
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - C Malicet
- INSERM U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 915, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - J L Iovanna
- INSERM U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 915, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - P M Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - D S Muller
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - S J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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4
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Secq V, Leca J, Bressy C, Guillaumond F, Skrobuk P, Nigri J, Lac S, Lavaut MN, Bui TT, Thakur AK, Callizot N, Steinschneider R, Berthezene P, Dusetti N, Ouaissi M, Moutardier V, Calvo E, Bousquet C, Garcia S, Bidaut G, Vasseur S, Iovanna JL, Tomasini R. Stromal SLIT2 impacts on pancreatic cancer-associated neural remodeling. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1592. [PMID: 25590802 PMCID: PMC4669755 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a critical health issue in the field of cancer, with few therapeutic options. Evidence supports an implication of the intratumoral microenvironment (stroma) on PDA progression. However, its contribution to the role of neuroplastic changes within the pathophysiology and clinical course of PDA, through tumor recurrence and neuropathic pain, remains unknown, neglecting a putative, therapeutic window. Here, we report that the intratumoral microenvironment is a mediator of PDA-associated neural remodeling (PANR), and we highlight factors such as 'SLIT2' (an axon guidance molecule), which is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that impact on neuroplastic changes in human PDA. We showed that 'CAF-secreted SLIT2' increases neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia neurons as well as from Schwann cell migration/proliferation by modulating N-cadherin/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, SLIT2/ROBO signaling inhibition disrupts this stromal/neural connection. Finally, we revealed that SLIT2 expression and CAFs are correlated with neural remodeling within human and mouse PDA. All together, our data demonstrate the implication of CAFs, through the secretion of axon guidance molecule, in PANR. Furthermore, it provides rationale to investigate the disruption of the stromal/neural compartment connection with SLIT2/ROBO inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer recurrence and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Secq
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - J Leca
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - C Bressy
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - F Guillaumond
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - P Skrobuk
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - J Nigri
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - S Lac
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - M-N Lavaut
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - T-t Bui
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - A K Thakur
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - N Callizot
- Neuronexperts, Medical North Faculty, Marseille, France
| | | | - P Berthezene
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - N Dusetti
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - M Ouaissi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CRO2, UMR 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - V Moutardier
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - E Calvo
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec City, QCue, Canada
| | - C Bousquet
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S Garcia
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital North/Mediterranean University, Marseille, France
| | - G Bidaut
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - S Vasseur
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - J L Iovanna
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
| | - R Tomasini
- CRCM, Cellular Stress, INSERM, U1068, Parc scientifique de Luminy, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille 13009, France
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5
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Salazar M, Lorente M, García-Taboada E, Pérez Gómez E, Dávila D, Zúñiga-García P, María Flores J, Rodríguez A, Hegedus Z, Mosén-Ansorena D, Aransay AM, Hernández-Tiedra S, López-Valero I, Quintanilla M, Sánchez C, Iovanna JL, Dusetti N, Guzmán M, Francis SE, Carracedo A, Kiss-Toth E, Velasco G. Loss of Tribbles pseudokinase-3 promotes Akt-driven tumorigenesis via FOXO inactivation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:131-44. [PMID: 25168244 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribbles pseudokinase-3 (TRIB3) has been proposed to act as an inhibitor of AKT although the precise molecular basis of this activity and whether the loss of TRIB3 contributes to cancer initiation and progression remain to be clarified. In this study, by using a wide array of in vitro and in vivo approaches, including a Trib3 knockout mouse, we demonstrate that TRIB3 has a tumor-suppressing role. We also find that the mechanism by which TRIB3 loss enhances tumorigenesis relies on the dysregulation of the phosphorylation of AKT by the mTORC2 complex, which leads to an enhanced phosphorylation of AKT on Ser473 and the subsequent hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of the transcription factor FOXO3. These observations support the notion that loss of TRIB3 is associated with a more aggressive phenotype in various types of tumors by enhancing the activity of the mTORC2/AKT/FOXO axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salazar
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lorente
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - E García-Taboada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Pérez Gómez
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Dávila
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J María Flores
- Department of Animal Surgery and Medicine, School of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Surgery and Medicine, School of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Z Hegedus
- Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - A M Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE-CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - S Hernández-Tiedra
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - I López-Valero
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université and Institut Paoli Calmette, Marseille, France
| | - N Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université and Institut Paoli Calmette, Marseille, France
| | - M Guzmán
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - S E Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Carracedo
- 1] CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain [2] Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain [3] Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Kiss-Toth
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Velasco
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Grasso D, Garcia MN, Hamidi T, Cano C, Calvo E, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Genetic inactivation of the pancreatitis-inducible gene Nupr1 impairs PanIN formation by modulating Kras(G12D)-induced senescence. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1633-41. [PMID: 24902898 PMCID: PMC4158688 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), a small chromatin protein, has a critical role in cancer development, progression and resistance to therapy. Previously, we had demonstrated that Nupr1 cooperates with KrasG12D to induce pancreas intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) formation and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Nupr1 influences Kras-mediated preneoplastic growth remain to be fully characterized. In the current study, we report evidence supporting a role for Nupr1 as a gene modifier of KrasG12D-induced senescence, which must be overcome to promote PanIN formation. We found that genetic inactivation of Nupr1 in mice impairs Kras-induced PanIN, leading to an increase in β-galactosidase-positive cells and an upregulation of surrogate marker genes for senescence. More importantly, both of these cellular and molecular changes are recapitulated by the results of mechanistic experiments using RNAi-based inactivation of Nupr1 in human pancreatic cancer cell models. In addition, the senescent phenotype, which results from Nupr1 inactivation, is accompanied by activation of the FoxO3a-Skp2-p27Kip1-pRb-E2F pathway in vivo and in vitro. Thus, combined, these results show, for the first time, that Nupr1 aids oncogenic Kras to bypass senescence in a manner that cooperatively promotes PanIN formation. Besides its mechanistic importance, this new knowledge bears medical relevance as it delineates early pathobiological events that may be targeted in the future as a means to interfere with the formation of preneoplastic lesions early during pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grasso
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - M N Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - T Hamidi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - C Cano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - E Calvo
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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7
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Van Laethem JL, Verslype C, Iovanna JL, Michl P, Conroy T, Louvet C, Hammel P, Mitry E, Ducreux M, Maraculla T, Uhl W, Van Tienhoven G, Bachet JB, Maréchal R, Hendlisz A, Bali M, Demetter P, Ulrich F, Aust D, Luttges J, Peeters M, Mauer M, Roth A, Neoptolemos JP, Lutz M. New strategies and designs in pancreatic cancer research: consensus guidelines report from a European expert panel. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:570-576. [PMID: 21810728 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a huge challenge, it is entering a new era with the development of new strategies and trial designs. Because there is an increasing number of novel therapeutic agents and potential combinations available to test in patients with PDAC, the identification of robust prognostic and predictive markers and of new targets and relevant pathways is a top priority as well as the design of adequate trials incorporating molecular-driven hypothesis. We presently report a consensus strategy for research in pancreatic cancer that was developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts from different European institutions and collaborative groups involved in pancreatic cancer. The expert panel embraces the concept of exploratory early proof of concept studies, based on the prediction of response to novel agents and combinations, and randomised phase II studies permitting the selection of the best therapeutic approach to go forward into phase III, where the recommended primary end point remains overall survival. Trials should contain as many translational components as possible, relying on standardised tissue and blood processing and robust biobanking, and including dynamic imaging. Attention should not only be paid to the pancreatic cancer cells but also to microenvironmental factors and stem/stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Van Laethem
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels.
| | - C Verslype
- Department of Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J L Iovanna
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - P Michl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Conroy
- Nancy University and Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy
| | - C Louvet
- Digestive Surgery Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris
| | - P Hammel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy
| | - E Mitry
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Hôpital René-Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - M Ducreux
- Digestive Oncology Department, Institut G. Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - T Maraculla
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Uhl
- Department of Surgery, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - G Van Tienhoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J B Bachet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Maréchal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Erasme, Brussels
| | - A Hendlisz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut J. Bordet, Brussels
| | - M Bali
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Demetter
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels
| | - F Ulrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, J. W. Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt
| | - D Aust
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - J Luttges
- Caritasklinik St Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Edegem
| | - M Mauer
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Roth
- Department of Surgery, Clinic for Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Neoptolemos
- Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Lutz
- Caritasklinik St Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Vasseur S, Afzal S, Tomasini R, Guillaumond F, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Mak TW, Iovanna JL. Consequences of DJ-1 upregulation following p53 loss and cell transformation. Oncogene 2011; 31:664-70. [PMID: 21725356 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor that responds to various stress signals by initiating cell-cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. Mutations of the p53 gene are found in over 50% of human tumors, highlighting the importance of p53 in tumor suppression. Numerous studies have reported on the interactions between p53, IGF-1-AKT and mTOR pathways as potentially explaining some of the tumor suppressive activities of p53. To further understand the basis of these interactions, we analyzed the involvement of DJ-1, an oncogene known to drive AKT-mediated cell survival, in the p53-AKT axis. In this study, we show that DJ-1 and p53 are tightly 'linked': p53 prevents the accumulation of DJ-1 protein, whereas loss of p53 leads to stabilization and enhancement of DJ-1 expression. Interestingly, this increase in DJ-1 level is only observed when p53 loss is accompanied by transformation of cells. Moreover, DJ-1 seems to be required for the enhanced activation of AKT observed in p53-deficient cells. Such observation confers a new property to DJ-1 associated to transforming-process to its oncogenic ability to drive AKT activation. We also show that DJ-1 is necessary for p53 activation following oxidative stress, suggesting the existence of a finely regulated loop between these two proteins in transformed cells. Finally, we demonstrate that in the absence of p53, DJ-1 is stabilized by ROS accumulation, and surprisingly seems to be required for this high intracellular ROS production. These data offer new insights into the regulation of DJ-1 and suggest that DJ-1 is a target of p53. Importantly, our study highlights that during transformation, DJ-1 is having a key role in the p53-regulated AKT pathway and p53-driven oxidative-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vasseur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 624, Marseille, France
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9
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Seux M, Peuget S, Montero MP, Siret C, Rigot V, Clerc P, Gigoux V, Pellegrino E, Pouyet L, N'Guessan P, Garcia S, Dufresne M, Iovanna JL, Carrier A, André F, Dusetti NJ. TP53INP1 decreases pancreatic cancer cell migration by regulating SPARC expression. Oncogene 2011; 30:3049-61. [PMID: 21339733 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein 53 induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) is a p53 target gene that induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis by modulating p53 transcriptional activity. TP53INP1 interacts physically with p53 and is a major player in the p53-driven oxidative stress response. Previously, we demonstrated that TP53INP1 is downregulated in an early stage of pancreatic cancerogenesis and when restored is able to suppress pancreatic tumor development. TP53INP1 downregulation in pancreas is associated with an oncogenic microRNA miR-155. In the present work, we studied the effects of TP53INP1 on cell migration. We found that TP53INP1 inactivation correlates with increased cell migration both in vivo and in vitro. The impact of TP53INP1 expression on cell migration was studied in different cellular contexts: mouse embryonic fibroblast and different pancreatic cancer cell lines. Its expression decreases cell migration by the transcriptional downregulation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). SPARC is a matrix cellular protein, which governs diverse cellular functions and has a pivotal role in regulating cell-matrix interactions, cellular proliferation and migration. SPARC was also showed to be upregulated in normal pancreas and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions in a pancreatic adenocarcinoma mouse model only in the TP53INP1-deficient animals. This novel TP53INP1 activity on the regulation of SPARC expression could explain in part its tumor suppressor function in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by modulating cellular spreading during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seux
- INSERM, U624 Stress cellulaire, Marseille, France
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10
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Taïeb D, Giusiano S, Sebag F, Marcy M, de Micco C, Palazzo FF, Dusetti NJ, Iovanna JL, Henry JF, Garcia S, Taranger-Charpin C. Tumor protein p53-induced nuclear protein (TP53INP1) expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a molecular guide to the optimal extent of surgery? World J Surg 2010; 34:830-5. [PMID: 20145930 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is characterized by early regional lymph node metastasis, the presence of which represents a critical obstacle to cure. At present no molecular markers have been successfully integrated into the clinical care of sporadic MTC. The present study was designed to evaluate TP53INP1 expression in MTC and to assess its ability to guide the surgeon to the optimal extent of surgery performed with curative intent. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with sporadic MTC were evaluated. TP53INP1 immunoexpression was studied on embedded paraffin material and on cytological smears. RESULTS TP53INP1 was expressed in normal C cells, in C-cell hyperplasia, and in 57.9% of MTC. It was possible to identify two groups of MTC according to the proportion of TP53INP1 expressing tumor cells: group 1 from 0% to <50% and group 2 from 50% to 100% of positive cells. Patients with a decreased expression of TP53INP1 (group 1) had a lower rate of nodal metastasis (18.8% versus 63.4% in group 2; P = 0.009), with only minimal lymph node involvement per N1 patient (2.7% of positive lymph nodes versus 22.9%; P < 0.001) and better outcomes (100% of biochemical cure versus 55.5%; P < 0.001). Patients with distant metastases were only observed in group 2. Cytological samples exhibit similar results to their embedded counterparts. CONCLUSIONS TP53INP1 immunoexpression appears to be a clinical predictor of lymph node metastasis in MTC. The evaluation of TP53INP1 expression may guide the extent of lymph node dissection in the clinically node-negative neck. These findings require prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Taïeb
- INSERM U624 Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 915, 13288, Marseille, France.
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11
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Abstract
Vav proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases that regulate cell adhesion, motility, spreading and proliferation in response to growth factor signalling. In this work, we show that Vav2 expression delayed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization and degradation, and enhanced EGFR, ERK and Akt phosphorylations. This effect of Vav2 on EGFR degradation is dependent on its guanine nucleotide exchange function. Knockdown of Vav2 in HeLa cells enhanced EGFR degradation and reduced cell proliferation. epidermal growth factor stimulation led to co-localization of Vav2 with EGFR and Rab5 in endosomes. We further show that the effect of Vav2 on EGFR stability is modulated by its interaction with two endosome-associated proteins and require RhoA function. Thus, in this work, we report for the first time that Vav2 can regulate growth factors receptor signalling by slowing receptor internalization and degradation through its interaction with endosome-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thalappilly
- INSERM U624, Stress Cellulaire, Marseille F-13288, France
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12
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Andrieu C, Taieb D, Baylot V, Ettinger S, Soubeyran P, De-Thonel A, Nelson C, Garrido C, So A, Fazli L, Bladou F, Gleave M, Iovanna JL, Rocchi P. Heat shock protein 27 confers resistance to androgen ablation and chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells through eIF4E. Oncogene 2010; 29:1883-96. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Roignot J, Taïeb D, Suliman M, Dusetti NJ, Iovanna JL, Soubeyran P. CIP4 is a new ArgBP2 interacting protein that modulates the ArgBP2 mediated control of WAVE1 phosphorylation and cancer cell migration. Cancer Lett 2009; 288:116-23. [PMID: 19631450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ArgBP2 is a multi-adapter protein involved in signal transduction associated to the cytoskeleton and was shown to regulate the migration and adhesion of pancreatic cancer cells thereby modulating their tumorigenicity. Here we describe the interaction of ArgBP2 with CIP4, a new associated protein identified by yeast two-hybrid. We found that both proteins modulated their reciprocal tyrosine phosphorylation catalyzed by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We observed that, like ArgBP2, CIP4 directly interacted with WAVE1 and could enhance its phosphorylation by c-Abl. ArgBP2 and CIP4 acted synergistically to increase WAVE1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, we could show that CIP4 was dispensable for the ArgBP2 induced blockade of cell migration whereas its overexpression was deleterious for this important function of ArgBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roignot
- INSERM, U.624, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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14
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Giroux V, Iovanna JL, Garcia S, Dagorn JC. Combined inhibition of PAK7, MAP3K7 and CK2alpha kinases inhibits the growth of MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 16:731-40. [PMID: 19363471 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A panel of kinases whose inhibition increased apoptosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro was recently established. The aim of this work was to observe in a mouse xenograft model whether inhibition of these kinases would alter pancreatic tumor growth. Rate of apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cell viability were assessed in two pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaCa2 and BxPC3, after inhibiting selected kinases by transfection of specific siRNAs. For in vivo experiments, MiaPaCa2 cells were injected into the pancreas of nude mice, where they formed tumors. Inhibition of kinases was obtained by repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of modified O-Methyl (OMe) siRNAs specific for the selected kinases. Tumor volumes were assessed after 21 days. Among selected kinases, PAK7, MAP3K7 and CK2alpha were those whose inhibition increased apoptosis the most in vitro. Simultaneous inhibition of two of them increased apoptosis up to five times. Moreover, inhibiting these kinases had little effect on 10 non-pancreatic cell lines, suggesting pancreatic specificity. In vivo, OMe-siRNAs induced significant but incomplete inhibition of kinase expression (45-75%). Nevertheless, such inhibition resulted in a twofold increase in caspase-3 activity in tumors and a strong reduction in tumor volume (about 75%). In vivo inhibition by OMe-siRNAs of three survival kinases apparently specific for pancreatic cancer cells, PAK7, MAP3K7 and CK2alpha, decreases significantly the growth of xenografted MiaPaCa2 cells. This strategy is therefore of potential clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giroux
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, Unité 624, Stress Cellulaire, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 915 Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille 13288 Cedex 9, France
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15
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Gironella M, Iovanna JL, Sans M, Gil F, Peñalva M, Closa D, Miquel R, Piqué JM, Panés J. Anti-inflammatory effects of pancreatitis associated protein in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2005; 54:1244-53. [PMID: 15870231 PMCID: PMC1774660 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.056309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased pancreatitis associated protein (PAP) mRNA has been reported in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of the current study were to characterise PAP production in IBD and the effects of PAP on inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum PAP levels were determined in healthy controls (n = 29), inflammatory controls (n = 14), and IBD patients (n = 171). Ex vivo PAP secretion in intestinal tissue was measured in 56 IBD patients and 13 healthy controls. Cellular origin of PAP was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of exogenous PAP on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and endothelial adhesion molecule expression were also analysed ex vivo. RESULTS Patients with active IBD had increased serum PAP levels compared with controls, and these levels correlated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity. Ex vivo intestinal PAP synthesis was increased in active IBD and correlated with endoscopic and histological severity of inflammatory lesions. PAP localised to colonic Paneth cells. Incubation of mucosa from active Crohn's disease with PAP dose dependently reduced proinflammatory cytokines secretion. PAP prevented TNF-alpha induced NFkappaB activation in monocytic, epithelial, and endothelial cells and reduced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and adhesion molecule expression. CONCLUSIONS PAP is synthesised by Paneth cells and is overexpressed in colonic tissue of active IBD. PAP inhibits NFkappaB activation and downregulates cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression in inflamed tissue. It may represent an anti-inflammatory mechanism and new therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Biological Transport
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/pharmacology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Colitis/blood
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/blood
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Crohn Disease/blood
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Interleukins/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/blood
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Paneth Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gironella
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut de Malalties Digestives, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Cervello M, Giannitrapani L, La Rosa M, Notarbartolo M, D'Alessandro N, Virruso L, Iovanna JL, Montalto G. Expression of HIP/PAP mRNA in human hepatoma cell lines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 963:53-8. [PMID: 12095928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempts to shed more light on the role of hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic associated protein (HIP/PAP) in hepatoma cells. We initially examined, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the HIP/PAP transcripts present in human hepatoma cell lines of different origins and with different grades of differentiation and genetic profiles. We also used DNA sequencing analysis to investigate the structure of the HIP/PAP gene. Further investigation is necessary to define the role of HIP/PAP during the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma and to ascertain whether the use of different transcripts is helpful in regulating HIP/PAP expression in transformed liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cervello
- Istituto di Biologia dello Sviluppo, C.N.R., Palermo, Italy.
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17
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Tomasini R, Samir AA, Vaccaro MI, Pebusque MJ, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL, Dusetti NJ. Molecular and functional characterization of the stress-induced protein (SIP) gene and its two transcripts generated by alternative splicing. SIP induced by stress and promotes cell death. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44185-92. [PMID: 11557757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105647200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a quantitative fluorescent cDNA microarray hybridization approach to identify pancreatic genes induced by the cellular stress promoted by acute pancreatitis in the mouse. We report the cloning and characterization of one of them that encodes the stress-induced proteins (SIP). The mouse SIP gene is organized into five exons and expands over approximately 20 kilobase pairs. Exon 4 (38 base pairs) is alternatively spliced to generate two transcripts. Northern blot and in situ hybridization showed that both SIP mRNAs are rapidly and strongly induced in acinar cells of the pancreas with acute pancreatitis. They are also constitutively expressed in several other tissues, although with different ratios. They encode proteins of 18 and 27 kDa (SIP(18) and SIP(27)). SIP(27) is identical to the thymus-expressed acidic protein (TEAP) protein, formerly described as a thymus-specific protein. Expression of the SIP(18) and SIP(27)/EGFP or V5 fusion proteins showed that both are nuclear factors. We monitored SIP expression in NIH3T3 cells submitted to various stress agents. UV stress, base damaging, mutagenic stress, ethanol, heat shock, and oxidative stress induced the concomitant expression of SIP(18) and SIP(27) mRNAs. Finally, transient transfection of SIP(18) and SIP(27) expression plasmids induced death by apoptosis in COS7 cells as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining. In conclusion, the SIP gene is an important element of cellular stress response. It is expressed in many tissues and induced by a variety of stress agents affecting many cellular pathways. SIP generates, by alternative splicing, two nuclear proteins that can promote cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tomasini
- Centre de Recherche INSERM EMI 0116, 163 Av. de Luminy B. P. 172, 13276 Marseille, France
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18
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Garcia-Montero A, Vasseur S, Mallo GV, Soubeyran P, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Expression of the stress-induced p8 mRNA is transiently activated after culture medium change. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:720-5. [PMID: 11824791 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that the mere fact of changing culture medium for fresh medium induced in several cell lines the expression of stress-activated genes including protein kinases p38, JNK and ERK1/2 and the transcription factor C/EBPbeta. As a consequence, p8, a gene induced by stress in several tissues, was strongly up-regulated. Induction did not occur after change for cell-conditioned medium. Induction was however transient, with a peak at 60 min for p38, at 15-30 min for JNK and at 15 min for ERK1/2, at 2-3 hours for C/EBPbeta and at 4-6 hours for p8. Repression of the induction was due to the secretion of thermolabile molecule(s) that progressively conditioned the medium. As low as 25% of conditioned medium added to fresh culture medium was sufficient to abolish the stress response. Taken together, our data indicate that the renewal of culture medium induces a transient cellular stress that may be a source of artifacts in experiments performed shortly after a change of culture medium.
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19
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Abstract
The p8 gene is barely expressed in the normal pancreas, but is overexpressed in acute pancreatitis. To elucidate the dynamic expression of p8 mRNA and its significance in the course of chronic pancreatitis, we investigated the p8 expression in spontaneous chronic pancreatitis in the WBN/Kob rat as well as in humans and arginine-treated rat pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cells. p8 mRNA was significantly increased at 12 weeks when chronic pancreatitis first appeared in the WBN/Kob rats. p8 was immunolocalized in the acinar cell nuclei. Acinar cell apoptosis was significantly increased at 12 and 20 weeks in the WBN/Kob rats. In AR4-2J cells, p8 mRNA was significantly induced at 4 hr after arginine addition. Apoptosis of AR4-2J cells was not increased during the strong expression of p8 mRNA. These results suggest that p8 is induced in the acinar cells during chronic pancreatitis as the self-defence mechanism against proapoptotic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Motoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
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20
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Su SB, Motoo Y, Iovanna JL, Xie MJ, Sawabu N. Effect of camostat mesilate on the expression of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), p8, and cytokines in rat spontaneous chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 2001; 23:134-40. [PMID: 11484915 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200108000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An oral protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate (CM) has been used clinically for chronic pancreatitis (CP) in Japan, but it lacks enough scientific evidence of its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of CM on the gene expressions of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), p8, and cytokines such as interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in spontaneous CP model (WBN/Kob rats). CM (10 mg/100 g body weight), mixed in MB-3 diet, was administered orally and gene expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In untreated WBN/Kob rats, the gene expressions of all the four factors peaked at 12 weeks, whereas they were significantly suppressed in the CM-treated rats. CM significantly increased the body weight and pancreatic wet weight, and it significantly inhibited inflammatory changes and fibrosis of the pancreas. These results suggest that CM inhibits pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis through the suppression of gene expressions of PAP, p8, and cytokines in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Su
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
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21
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García-Montero AC, Vasseur S, Giono LE, Canepa E, Moreno S, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Transforming growth factor beta-1 enhances Smad transcriptional activity through activation of p8 gene expression. Biochem J 2001; 357:249-53. [PMID: 11415456 PMCID: PMC1221948 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3570249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report that exposure of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1) (5 ng/ml) results in a strong activation of p8 mRNA expression that precedes the induction of cell growth. Involvement of the p8 promoter in the regulation was demonstrated by using a p8-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct. We therefore speculated that p8 might be a mediator of TGFbeta-1 in these cells. The incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine on treatment with TGFbeta-1 was indeed significantly higher in p8(+/+) fibroblasts than in p8(-/-) fibroblasts. Smad transcriptional activity was used as marker of the TGFbeta-1 signalling pathway, to probe the lower p8(-/-) response to TGFbeta-1. Two Smad-binding elements (SBEs)-luciferase constructs were transfected into p8(-/-) and p8(+/+) embryonic fibroblasts before treatment with TGFbeta-1. A lower level of Smad transactivation was observed in p8(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts, under basal conditions and after stimulation with TGFbeta-1. To test whether Smad underexpression in p8(-/-) cells was actually due to p8 depletion, p8(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with a human p8 expression plasmid together with an SBE-luciferase construct. The expression of p8 restored Smad transactivation in unstimulated and TGFbeta-1-treated cells to the level found in p8(+/+) cells. We concluded that TGFbeta-1 activates p8 expression, which in turn enhances the Smad-transactivating function responsible for TGFbeta-1 activity.
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22
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Su SB, Motoo Y, Iovanna JL, Berthézène P, Xie MJ, Mouri H, Ohtsubo K, Matsubara F, Sawabu N. Overexpression of p8 is inversely correlated with apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:1320-4. [PMID: 11350901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A recently identified gene, p8, has cell growth-promoting activity and is strongly induced in acute pancreatitis. In this study, we detected p8 and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for apoptosis by immunohistochemistry in human pancreatic cancer. The p8 was overexpressed (>30% per 1000 cancer cells) in 26 of 44 (59%) pancreatic cancers, and apoptosis (ssDNA-positive cells >10% per 1000 cancer cells) was recognized in 18 of 44 (41%) pancreatic cancers. There was a significant inverse correlation between the p8 overexpression and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression pattern of high p8 and low ssDNA was seen significantly more often in lower age (<65 years), in moderately or poorly differentiated cancers, and in node-positive cases (P < 0.05). The p8 expression and apoptosis were not significantly correlated with survival. These results suggest that p8 overexpression is involved in antiapoptotic activity and the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Su
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 921-8044, Japan
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23
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Barthellemy S, Maurin N, Roussey M, Férec C, Murolo S, Berthézène P, Iovanna JL, Dagorn JC, Sarles J. [Evaluation of 47,213 infants in neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis, using pancreatitis-associated protein and immunoreactive trypsinogen assays]. Arch Pediatr 2001; 8:275-81. [PMID: 11270251 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing evidence of the benefits of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) indicates that this procedure could soon be implemented throughout France. The screening strategy currently used involves the detection of infants with elevated levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) (approximately 1% of the population), followed by the detection of CFTR gene mutations. However, genetic analysis has certain drawbacks, the most important of which being the management of heterozygotes, and in France the requirement by law of previous informed consent. In cases of CF, pancreatic alterations are already present in utero. A previous study has demonstrated the value of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) as a screening test for CF, and has indicated that a feasible two-stage strategy could involve the following: 1) selection of infants with elevated PAP levels; 2) in this group of infants, subsequent detection of those with elevated IRT levels for direct CF diagnosis by the sweat test thereby avoiding the use of genetic analysis. The study aim was to evaluate this strategy in a large number of neonates. METHODS AND RESULTS The aforementioned strategy was evaluated in a prospective study involving 47,213 infants in the Provence region of France. In infants with a PAP > 7.5 ng/mL (1.28%), 176 had an elevated IRT level > 700 ng/mL (0.37%). In this limited population sample (0.37% of the total), the sweat test diagnosed five cases of CF. A sixth case involving the monozygous twin of an infant with diagnosed CF remained undetected, probably because of a registration error. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis, and also detected another case in an infant with two CFTR mutations but with a normal phenotype at 20 months of age. As the observed incidence was similar to that which had previously been reported, and as no further case was subsequently detected two years after the end of the study, this indicated that the sensitivity of this screening strategy was satisfactory. Its specificity makes the direct diagnosis of CF cases by the sweat test feasible, without further selection by genetic analysis. CONCLUSION The PAP/IRT technique for CF detection seems to be suitable for mass screening, without the drawbacks of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barthellemy
- Unité 315 Inserm, 46, boulevard de la Gaye, 13009 Marseille, France
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24
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Valery C, Vasseur S, Sabatier F, Iovanna JL, Dagorn JC, Grob JJ, Verrando P. Pancreatitis associated protein I (PAP-I) alters adhesion and motility of human melanocytes and melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116:426-33. [PMID: 11231317 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis associated protein I is a secretory stress protein first characterized in pancreas during pancreatitis but also expressed in several tissues including hepatic, gastric, and colon cancer. Its concentration in serum can be significant. The relationship of pancreatitis associated protein I to skin cancers was investigated in normal melanocytes, melanoma tumors, and melanoma cell lines. None of them expressed pancreatitis associated protein I, even after stress induction. Adenovirus-mediated pancreatitis associated protein I expression, however, reduced cell adhesion to laminin-1 and fibronectin with a loss of integrin participation. Pancreatitis associated protein I expression stimulated haptotactic and directed migrations of some melanoma cells, but only directed migration was activated in normal melanocytes. Importantly, directed migration and spreading on fibronectin of the responsive melanoma cells were also enhanced when purified rat pancreatitis associated protein I was added to the culture medium of noninfected cells. This indicates that effects in infected cells were elicited by pancreatitis associated protein I after its secretion. Exogenous pancreatitis associated protein I can therefore modify the adhesion and motility of normal and transformed melanocytes, suggesting a potential interaction with melanoma invasivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valery
- Laboratoire d'Investigation des Maladies de la Peau LIMP, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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25
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Moucadel V, Soubeyran P, Vasseur S, Dusetti NJ, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Cdx1 promotes cellular growth of epithelial intestinal cells through induction of the secretory protein PAP I. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:156-63. [PMID: 11302520 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Cdx1 homeobox gene in epithelial intestinal cells promotes cellular growth and differentiation. Cdx1and the Pancreatitis Associated Protein I (PAP I) are concomitantly expressed in the epithelial cells of the lower part of the intestinal crypts. Because Cdx1 is a transcription factor and PAP I, in other tissues, is a proliferative factor, we looked for a relationship between these two proteins in the intestinal-derived IEC-6 cells. After stable transfection with a Cdx1 expression vector, they produce high levels of the PAP I transcript and protein indicating a functional link between the two genes. Demonstration of Cdx1 binding to the PAP I promoter region and suppression of PAP I induction after deletion of the corresponding sequence indicated that Cdx1 is a transcription factor controlling PAP I gene expression in intestinal cells. By infecting IEC-6 cells with adenoviruses expressing PAP I, we demonstrated that PAP I induces mitosis in these cells. On the other hand, inhibition of the PAP I expression in the IEC-6 Cdxl-expressing cells using an antisense strategy confirmed the requirement of this protein for the effect of Cdx1 on cell growth. Finally, addition of the immunopurified PAP I to the culture medium promotes cell growth of the IEC-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal effect was obtained at 1 ng/ml. Taken together these results demonstrate that PAP I is a target of the Cdx1 homeobox gene in intestinal cells which participates in the regulation of intestinal cell growth via an autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moucadel
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM U.315, Marseille, France
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26
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Su SB, Motoo Y, Iovanna JL, Xie MJ, Mouri H, Ohtsubo K, Yamaguchi Y, Watanabe H, Okai T, Matsubara F, Sawabu N. Expression of p8 in human pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:309-13. [PMID: 11234885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The p8 gene is a recently identified gene with mitogenic activity. p8 expression is induced in acute pancreatitis, pancreatic development, and regeneration. However, the expression of p8 in pancreatic cancer is not reported. We investigated p8 expression in 72 human pancreatic tissues, including 38 pancreatic cancers (PCs), by immunohistochemistry. p8 was overexpressed (positive cells >25% in 1,000 cells) in 71% (27 of 38) of PCs, but in only 17% (3 of 18) of chronic pancreatitis cases. There was no overexpression in mucinous cystadenoma or in normal pancreas. The p8 overexpression rate in PC was significantly higher than that in other conditions (P < 0.05). Reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed p8 mRNA overexpression (tumor/nontumor ratio >2) in 75% (3 of 4) of PCs. p8 was overexpressed also in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1). These results suggest that p8 is involved in the development of pancreatic cancer, reflecting its mitogenic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Growth Substances/biosynthesis
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Su
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
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27
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Encinar JA, Mallo GV, Mizyrycki C, Giono L, Gonzalez-Ros JM, Rico M, Cánepa E, Moreno S, Neira JL, Iovanna JL. Human p8 is a HMG-I/Y-like protein with DNA binding activity enhanced by phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2742-51. [PMID: 11056169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008594200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the biochemical features, the conformational preferences in solution, and the DNA binding properties of human p8 (hp8), a nucleoprotein whose expression is affected during acute pancreatitis. Biochemical studies show that hp8 has properties of the high mobility group proteins, HMG-I/Y. Structural studies have been carried out by using circular dichroism (near- and far-ultraviolet), Fourier transform infrared, and NMR spectroscopies. All the biophysical probes indicate that hp8 is monomeric (up to 1 mm concentration) and partially unfolded in solution. The protein seems to bind DNA weakly, as shown by electrophoretic gel shift studies. On the other hand, hp8 is a substrate for protein kinase A (PKA). The phosphorylated hp8 (PKAhp8) has a higher content of secondary structure than the nonphosphorylated protein, as concluded by Fourier transform infrared studies. PKAhp8 binds DNA strongly, as shown by the changes in circular dichroism spectra, and gel shift analysis. Thus, although there is not a high sequence homology with HMG-I/Y proteins, hp8 can be considered as a HMG-I/Y-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Encinar
- Centro de Biologia Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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28
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Nishimune H, Vasseur S, Wiese S, Birling MC, Holtmann B, Sendtner M, Iovanna JL, Henderson CE. Reg-2 is a motoneuron neurotrophic factor and a signalling intermediate in the CNTF survival pathway. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:906-14. [PMID: 11146655 DOI: 10.1038/35046558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines that are related to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are physiologically important survival factors for motoneurons, but the mechanisms by which they prevent neuronal cell death remain unknown. Reg-2/PAP I (pancreatitis-associated protein I), referred to here as Reg-2, is a secreted protein whose expression in motoneurons during development is dependent on cytokines. Here we show that CNTF-related cytokines induce Reg-2 expression in cultured motoneurons. Purified Reg-2 can itself act as an autocrine/paracrine neurotrophic factor for a subpopulation of motoneurons, by stimulating a survival pathway involving phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt kinase and NF-kappaB. Blocking Reg-2 expression in motoneurons using Reg-2 antisense adenovirus specifically abrogates the survival effect of CNTF on cultured motoneurons, indicating that Reg-2 expression is a necessary step in the CNTF survival pathway. Reg-2 shows a unique pattern of expression in late embryonic spinal cord: it is progressively upregulated in individual motoneurons on a cell-by-cell basis, indicating that only a fraction of motoneurons in a given motor pool may be exposed to cytokines. Thus, Reg-2 is a neurotrophic factor for motoneurons, and is itself an obligatory intermediate in the survival signalling pathway of CNTF-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nishimune
- INSERM U.382, IBDM (CNRS - INSERM - Université de la Méditerranée), Campus de Luminy - Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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29
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Dusetti NJ, Tomasini R, Azizi A, Barthet M, Vaccaro MI, Fiedler F, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Expression profiling in pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis using cDNA microarrays. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:660-7. [PMID: 11062010 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most attacks of acute pancreatitis are self-limiting, suggesting that the pancreatic cells adapt their phenotype to prevent progression of the disease. Such phenotypic change must involve a coordinated modification in the expression of numerous genes. To identify differentially expressed genes, high-density mouse cDNA microarrays were hybridized with cDNA probes from both healthy pancreas and pancreas affected by acute pancreatitis. From the 7981 mouse genes analyzed, 239 showed significant changes in their expression during the acute phase of pancreatitis. Among them, 107 genes were up-regulated whereas 132 were down-regulated. They include genes whose function was not previously related to pancreatitis, suggesting that they are involved in some way into the acute pancreatic response. Finally, 40% of differentially expressed genes corresponded to ESTs. Demonstration that a large quantity of unexpected or yet uncharacterized genes showed altered expression during acute pancreatitis underscores the interest of a genome-based investigation. Some of these genes are certainly involved in the cellular defense against pancreatitis and, as such, deserve being studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Dusetti
- INSERM U.315, 46 boulevard de la Gaye, Marseille, F-13009, France
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30
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Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I) is a pancreatic secretory protein strongly expressed during acute pancreatitis in the rat and human. We hypothesized that its expression was part of a general and coordinated response of the organ against aggression. An opposite pattern of PAP I mRNA expression has recently been described in the mouse. The murine PAP I mRNA was described to be highly expressed in normal pancreas and down-regulated during pancreatitis. The important implications of these unexpected findings led us to investigate the expression of murine PAP I in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a very low level of PAP I mRNA in the healthy mouse pancreas and strong overexpression during acute pancreatitis. Western blot analysis confirmed that changes in pancreatic PAP I levels were parallel to those of the mRNA and the protein was localized by immunohistochemistry to the acinar cells. It was concluded that, during the course of acute pancreatitis, the pattern of PAP I expression in the mouse pancreas was comparable to that already observed in the rat and human. Although we have no explanation for the discrepancy between our results and those recently reported, the expression pattern of PAP I in the mouse exocrine pancreas described in the present study suggests that the pancreatic response to aggression might be conserved in mammals.
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31
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Samir AA, Ropolo A, Grasso D, Tomasini R, Dagorn JC, Dusetti N, Iovanna JL, Vaccaro MI. Cloning and expression of the mouse PIP49 (Pancreatitis Induced Protein 49) mRNA which encodes a new putative transmembrane protein activated in the pancreas with acute pancreatitis. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 2000; 4:188-93. [PMID: 11281735 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.2000.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have used a microarray-based strategy to characterize, at the molecular level, the pancreatic emergency program set up by the pancreatic cells in response to pancreatitis. In this strategy, the phenotype of the pancreatitis-affected pancreas is established by characterization of a large number of its transcripts using a high-density mouse cDNA microarray. This method allows identification of transcripts differentially expressed during pancreatitis. We describe here the cloning, sequencing, and expression analysis of a new gene, named PIP49 (Pancreatitis Induced Protein 49). Its very strong expression is specific of acinar cells and occurs rapidly after initiation of the acute phase of pancreatitis. Analysis of its primary and secondary structures strongly suggests that PIP49 encodes a putative transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Samir
- U.315 INSERM, 46 boulevard del la Gaye, F-13009 Marseille, France
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32
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Malka D, Vasseur S, Bödeker H, Ortiz EM, Dusetti NJ, Verrando P, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Tumor necrosis factor alpha triggers antiapoptotic mechanisms in rat pancreatic cells through pancreatitis-associated protein I activation. Gastroenterology 2000; 119:816-28. [PMID: 10982776 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha contributes to the development of acute pancreatitis. Because TNF-alpha is involved in the control of apoptosis, we studied its interaction with the pancreatic apoptotic pathway. METHODS Pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cells were used. Apoptosis was monitored by morphologic and biochemical criteria. RESULTS TNF-alpha induced apoptosis in AR4-2J cells. Induction was strongly enhanced in cells treated with actinomycin D, suggesting that TNF-alpha activated concomitantly an antiapoptotic mechanism through newly synthesized proteins. This mechanism involved activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases because their inhibition worsened TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. The antiapoptotic pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) I is a candidate for mediating TNF-alpha activity. Its expression is induced by TNF-alpha, and cells overexpressing PAP I show significantly less apoptosis on exposure to TNF-alpha. We examined whether TNF-alpha induction of PAP I expression was mediated by NF-kappaB or MAP kinases by using specific inhibitors of both pathways. Inhibition of NF-kappaB had no effect. However, inhibitors of MEK1 eliminated PAP I induction. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha induces concomitantly proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms in pancreatic AR4-2J cells. Antiapoptotic mechanisms are mediated by NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and PAP I is one of the effectors of apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Malka
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM Unité 315, Marseille, France
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33
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Vaccaro MI, Calvo EL, Suburo AM, Sordelli DO, Lanosa G, Iovanna JL. Lipopolysaccharide directly affects pancreatic acinar cells: implications on acute pancreatitis pathophysiology. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:915-26. [PMID: 10795755 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005521007609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have explored whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) induces pancreatic injury on pancreatic acinar cells both in vivo and in vitro. Wistar male rats were treated with four intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg LPS, and AR4-2J cells were exposed to increasing doses of LPS. Expression of pancreatitis-associated-protein (PAP) mRNA was strongly induced in AR4-2J cells exposed to LPS, while amylase mRNA was reduced. LPS also induced apoptosis and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 mRNA in AR4-2J cells. The in vivo effect of LPS showed structural signs of cellular damage, including numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, severe nuclear alterations, and high expression of PAP mRNA. This study demonstrated that LPS induced pancreatic damage by directly affecting the pancreatic acinar cells. The role of LPS in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis may be partly due to the effect LPS has on the acinar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Vaccaro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires and Universidad Austral, Argentina
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34
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Soubeyran P, Mallo GV, Moucadel V, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Overexpression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeogenes enhances expression of the HLA-I in HT-29 cells. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 2000; 3:271-6. [PMID: 10964750 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.2000.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that down-regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression is associated with colon carcinogenesis, and that coordinated reexpression of these genes in the HT29 colon cancer-derived cell line leads to a reduced malignant phenotype. Here we show that restoring Cdx1 and Cdx2 expression in HT29 cells enhanced the antigen presentation system, as reflected by a strong induction of the concentration of HLA-I molecules at the cell surface, resulting from increased expression of the HLA-I mRNA. Expression of the LMP2 proteasomal protein was also strongly induced by Cdx1 and Cdx2 at the transcriptional level, whereas TAP1 expression which is under the control of the same bidirectional promoter as LMP2 remained unchanged. Furthermore, expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which works in concert with HLA-I, and of the cell death promoter Fas was also increased upon Cdx1 and Cdx2 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of Cdx1 and Cdx2 expression during colorectal carcinogenesis could favor the escape of tumor cells from the immune system. In conclusion, restoration of Cdx1 and Cdx2 expression should be considered in immunotherapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soubeyran
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM U.315, 46 Boulevard de la Gaye, Marseille, 13009, France
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35
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Vaccaro MI, Ropolo A, Grasso D, Calvo EL, Ferreria M, Iovanna JL, Lanosa G. Pancreatic acinar cells submitted to stress activate TNF-alpha gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 268:485-90. [PMID: 10679231 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate whether pancreatic acinar cell submitted to stress is able to express TNF-alpha, we studied TNF-alpha mRNA expression by Northern blot and in situ hybridization in healthy pancreas, in tissue from caerulein-induced pancreatitis and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In specimens from normal pancreas, TNF-alpha mRNA expression, as judged by both Northern blot and in situ hybridization, was negative, whereas a strong but transient expression was observed in acinar cells from caerulein pancreatitis and LPS treatment. TNF-alpha mRNA appeared as rapidly as 30 min after treatment, and was maximal 6 h after. At this time, there was mild infiltration consisting mostly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and no signal of TNF-alpha transcript was found in their cytoplasm. Our results strongly indicate that pancreatic acinar cell is the source of TNF-alpha early in the course of acute pancreatitis and LPS treatment, and suggest that the expression of this cytokine is a part of a general response of the acinar cell to aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Vaccaro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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36
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Soubeyran P, André F, Lissitzky JC, Mallo GV, Moucadel V, Roccabianca M, Rechreche H, Marvaldi J, Dikic I, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Cdx1 promotes differentiation in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:1326-38. [PMID: 10579974 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Homeobox genes are involved in establishing and maintaining differentiated patterns in adult tissues. Cdx1 might carry out that function in the intestinal epithelium because its expression is specific to that tissue and increases during development. METHODS Cdx1 expression was induced in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells by stable transfection, and subsequent changes in cell growth, resistance to apoptosis, migration, and differentiation were monitored. RESULTS Compared with control, IEC-6/Cdx1 cells proliferated more rapidly, were more resistant to apoptosis, and migrated 3-4 times faster, as shown by an in vitro wound assay. IEC-6/Cdx1 cells in culture formed multilayers. Morphology of the top layer was similar to that of columnar epithelium, with cells showing typical features of differentiated enterocytes, including complex junctions and well-developed microvilli with glycocalix. Expression of 2 markers of enterocyte differentiation, aminopeptidase N and villin, was induced in IEC-6/Cdx1 cells. Aminopeptidase N was targeted to the basolateral membrane, and villin was localized to the cytoplasm. Actin filaments, which were mostly present in transcytoplasmic stress fibers in control cells, were redistributed to the cortex in Cdx1-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS Cdx1 expression in IEC-6 cells induces phenotypic changes characteristic of differentiating enterocytes, suggesting an important role for Cdx1 in the transition from stem cells to proliferating/transit cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soubeyran
- INSERM Unité 315, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, Marseille, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pancreatitis is often complicated by shock and acute lung failure. Little is known about the pathophysiologic impact of the 16.6-kD lectine, named pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), which is expressed during pancreatitis and which reduces mortality in a rat model with severe pancreatitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PAP on the pulmonary vasculature after leukocyte activation with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). METHODS The experiments were performed in buffer-perfused isolated rabbit lungs. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, weight gain, and thromboxane A2 synthesis of the lungs were monitored. PAP was obtained by affinity chromatography of pancreas juice from pancreatitic rats. The authors tested whether treatment with PAP (260 microg/l, n = 9; or 500 microg/l, n = 6) before fMLP injection (10(-6) M) influences mean pulmonary artery pressure and edema formation. Lungs that were treated only with fMLP (n = 6) served as controls. Additional experiments in which PAP was applied were performed to study whether PAP (260 microg/l, n = 3; 500 microg/l, n = 3; 1,000 microg/l, n = 3) itself effects lung vasculature. RESULTS Application of fMLP resulted in an increase of mean pulmonary artery pressure (+/- SD) from 8 +/- 2 mmHg up to 26 +/-13 mmHg (P < 0.01) at a flow of 150 ml/min. Pretreatment with PAP reduced the peak pressure developed after fMLP to 15 +/- 7 mmHg (PAP 260 microg/l; P < 0.05) and to 9 +/- 4 mmHg (PAP 500 microg/l), respectively. In addition, the fMLP-induced lung weight gain of 9 +/- 7 g in the controls was prevented by pretreatment with PAP after 150 min in either concentration. In parallel to the attenuated pressure increase, thromboxane A2 release was significantly suppressed in the 260-microg/l (200 +/- 220 pmol x ml(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and 500-microg/l (285 +/- 70 pmol x m(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05) PAP groups compared with controls (1,138 +/- 800 pmol x ml(-1) x mi(-1)). Treatment with PAP alone in either concentration did not induce any changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure, weight gain, or thromboxane A2 release. CONCLUSION Clinically relevant concentrations of PAP prevented fMLP-induced vasoconstriction and edema formation in the lung. These findings point toward a protective effect of PAP on polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte-mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden Germany.
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38
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Vasseur S, Mallo GV, Garcia-Montero A, Ortiz EM, Fiedler F, Cánepa E, Moreno S, Iovanna JL. Structural and functional characterization of the mouse p8 gene: promotion of transcription by the CAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and C/EBPbeta trans-acting factors involves a C/EBP cis-acting element and other regions of the promoter. Biochem J 1999; 343 Pt 2:377-83. [PMID: 10510303 PMCID: PMC1220564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Rat p8 mRNA was discovered because of its strong activation in pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis. We report here structural and functional data on the mouse p8 gene. The mouse p8 polypeptide is 80 amino acids long and shows 91% and 75% identity with its rat and human counterparts respectively. The p8 gene is organized into three exons interrupted by two introns. Promoter regions involved in the regulation of p8 gene expression in NIH 3T3 cells were analysed. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter assays with progressive deletions of the 5' flanking region of the mouse p8 gene revealed four silencer elements located from nucleotides -5000 to -1472, -1471 to -671, -670 to -473, and -239 to -117 respectively. One positive element was identified between nucleotides -117 and -72. We identified a CAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) cis-acting element at position -111. Site-directed mutagenesis of this consensus site decreased promoter activity to 5% of that of the wild-type. An electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the C/EBP consensus and nuclear extracts of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta expression vectors, generated specific DNA-protein complexes that were supershifted with specific antibodies against C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta. Co-transfection with C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta expression vectors and the p-116/+36p8-CAT construct increased the reporter gene activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Surprisingly, overexpression of C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta still increased the promoter activity of both pC/EBPmut-116/+36p8-CAT (which contains the C/EBP mutated site) and the p-71/+36-CAT construct (which does not contain the C/EBP site). Collectively, these results show that C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta trans-acting factors can promote transcription of the mouse p8 gene (i) by direct binding to the C/EBP consensus site, and (ii) by enhancing the activity of other trans-acting factors interacting with the p8 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vasseur
- U.315 INSERM, 46 Boulevard de la Gaye, F-13009 Marseille, France
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39
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Bödeker H, Keim V, Fiedler F, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. PAP I interacts with itself, PAP II, PAP III, and lithostathine/regIalpha. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 1999; 2:150-4. [PMID: 10662590 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.1999.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PAP I, PAP II, PAP III, and lithostathine/regIalpha are members of a multigenic family of proteins expressed in several tissues. PAP I was shown to be antiapoptotic, mitogenic, and anti-inflammatory and can promote cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Lithostathine/regIalpha can be mitogenic. Because polymerization might regulate activity, we examined the ability of rat PAP I to interact with itself (homodimerization), PAP II, PAP III, and lithostathine/regIalpha (heterodimerization) by the yeast two-hybrid system, affinity experiments, and crosslinking. PAP I interacted significantly with all members of the PAP protein family, homodimerization showing the strongest interaction as judged by the beta-galactosidase test. This was confirmed by showing specific affinity between a MBP-rPAP I fusion protein and the native rPAP I. Finally, crosslinking experiments showed that rPAP I formed dimers in solution. These findings should be taken into account in functional studies involving PAP I and PAP-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bödeker
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM U.315, Marseille, France
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40
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Abstract
Systemic LPS endotoxin is associated with acute pancreatic damage. Whether damage results from direct interaction of LPS with pancreatic cells is unknown. We addressed that question by monitoring p8 expression in reponse to LPS, in vivo and in vitro, because overexpression of the p8 protein is a sensitive marker of pancreatic agression. For in vivo studies, rats were sacrificed at different times after a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, brain, and intestine were processed for RNA preparation. In vitro, pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cells were cultivated with 0.1, 1, or 10 micrograms/ml LPS for 6, 12, or 24 h. p8 mRNA expression was monitored by Northern blotting. In vivo, it was strongly increased in the pancreas after 12 h of treatment and remained elevated after 24 h. It was also induced in kidney and liver, with a maximum at 6 and 12 h, respectively, but not in lung, brain, or intestine. In AR4-2J cells, basal p8 mRNA expression was very low and increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after treatment with LPS. LPS-induced overexpression of p8 mRNA in vivo confirmed the adverse effect of endotoxemia on pancreas and its overexpression in vitro demonstrated a direct interaction of LPS with pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Jiang
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM U.315, 46 Bd de la Gaye, Marseille, 13009, France
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Rechreche H, Montalto G, Mallo GV, Vasseur S, Marasa L, Soubeyran P, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. pap, reg Ialpha and reg Ibeta mRNAs are concomitantly up-regulated during human colorectal carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10328217 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<688::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have established the phenotype of a colorectal tumor by partial sequencing of 2166 transcripts that were eventually arrayed on high-density filters. These filters were used for differential screening with mRNAs of colorectal cancer and normal adjacent mucosa to characterize genes whose expression is altered in colorectal carcinoma. Three genes encoding related proteins, PAP, reg Ialpha and reg Ibeta, were over-expressed in cancer. Northern-blot analysis confirmed that their expression was very low in normal colonic epithelial cells, but elevated in 75% of tumors. Western blotting with specific antibodies to pap and reg Ialpha revealed in tumors a single band of the expected size ( 15-16 kDa), demonstrating synthesis of the proteins. Pap was localized by immunohistochemistry to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. In cancerous tissue, many cells showed a strong staining signal, but the proportion of stained cells was variable among patients. In normal mucosa, staining was light and restricted to a few cells scattered in the epithelium. Similar results were obtained with antibodies against reg Ialpha. No significant relationship was found between concentrations of pap, reg Ialpha or reg Ibeta and clinical outcome. We looked at potential effectors of pap/reg gene over-expression by testing, in 2 adenocarcinoma cell lines, the efficacy of the pap promoter at driving a reporter gene; strong induction was observed upon exposure to IFNgamma and IL-6. By analogy with observations in hepatocellular carcinoma, our results suggest that prevention of PAP/reg expression in normal colon cells by silencing their gene promoters is relieved during colon carcinogenesis, allowing their up-regulation by mediators such as cytokines.
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42
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Rechreche H, Montalto G, Mallo GV, Vasseur S, Marasa L, Soubeyran P, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. pap, reg Ialpha and reg Ibeta mRNAs are concomitantly up-regulated during human colorectal carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 1999; 81:688-94. [PMID: 10328217 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<688::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have established the phenotype of a colorectal tumor by partial sequencing of 2166 transcripts that were eventually arrayed on high-density filters. These filters were used for differential screening with mRNAs of colorectal cancer and normal adjacent mucosa to characterize genes whose expression is altered in colorectal carcinoma. Three genes encoding related proteins, PAP, reg Ialpha and reg Ibeta, were over-expressed in cancer. Northern-blot analysis confirmed that their expression was very low in normal colonic epithelial cells, but elevated in 75% of tumors. Western blotting with specific antibodies to pap and reg Ialpha revealed in tumors a single band of the expected size ( 15-16 kDa), demonstrating synthesis of the proteins. Pap was localized by immunohistochemistry to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. In cancerous tissue, many cells showed a strong staining signal, but the proportion of stained cells was variable among patients. In normal mucosa, staining was light and restricted to a few cells scattered in the epithelium. Similar results were obtained with antibodies against reg Ialpha. No significant relationship was found between concentrations of pap, reg Ialpha or reg Ibeta and clinical outcome. We looked at potential effectors of pap/reg gene over-expression by testing, in 2 adenocarcinoma cell lines, the efficacy of the pap promoter at driving a reporter gene; strong induction was observed upon exposure to IFNgamma and IL-6. By analogy with observations in hepatocellular carcinoma, our results suggest that prevention of PAP/reg expression in normal colon cells by silencing their gene promoters is relieved during colon carcinogenesis, allowing their up-regulation by mediators such as cytokines.
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Vasseur S, Vidal Mallo G, Fiedler F, Bödeker H, Cánepa E, Moreno S, Iovanna JL. Cloning and expression of the human p8, a nuclear protein with mitogenic activity. Eur J Biochem 1999; 259:670-5. [PMID: 10092851 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified a new rat mRNA, provisionally named p8, which showed a strong, but transient, induction in the pancreas in response to acute pancreatitis. We report here the cloning and sequencing of the human p8 cDNA. The human p8 polypeptide is 82 amino acids long and shows an overall identity of 74% with the rat counterpart. The complete structure of the p8 gene was also established. The p8 gene comprises three exons separated by two introns and the gene was mapped to chromosome 16. Analysis of the p8 primary structure suggested the presence of a bipartite motif of nuclear targeting, indicating that p8 may function within the nucleus. This presumption has been confirmed by transfection of COS-7 cells with the p8 cDNA followed by immunostaining with specific antibodies. p8 mRNA expression is induced in some, but not all, cells by serum starvation and ceramide. To analyze the p8 function, we stably transfected HeLa cells with a p8 expression plasmid, and measured their growth and their sensitivity to apoptosis. Response to TNF alpha and staurosporine-induced apoptosis was not modified by p8 expression. However, cells expressing p8 grew significantly more rapidly.
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Bödeker H, Vasseur S, Dusetti NJ, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. PAP gene transcription induced by cycloheximide in AR4-2J cells involves ADP-ribosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 251:710-3. [PMID: 9790974 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report in this paper that cycloheximide induces PAP mRNA expression in the pancreatic acinar cell line AR4-2J in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We analyzed whether stabilization of the PAP mRNA or the direct induction of its transcription contributed to the induction of PAP mRNA expression by the drug. We first infected the cells, which do not express PAP mRNA constitutively, with a recombinant adenovirus in which the PAP cDNA was subcloned downstream of the CMV promotor, to obtain high levels of transcript. Then, transcription was pharmacologically blocked, the cells were treated with cycloheximide, and the PAP mRNA concentration was monitored over 8 h by Northern blot. PAP mRNA concentration remained unchanged for 4 h and then decreased in both cycloheximide-treated and control cells, ruling out a significant contribution of posttranscriptional regulation in cycloheximide induction. Direct regulation of gene transcription is therefore likely and we investigated whether it could involve ADP-ribosylation. Cycloheximide-induced cells were treated with two chemical inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. 3-Aminobenzamide inhibited 75% of PAP gene induction and 4-hydroxyquinazolone, the highly specific inhibitor of the enzyme, blocked almost completely PAP expression, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation was indeed required for the upregulation of PAP gene expression by cycloheximide.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bödeker
- U.315 INSERM, 46 boulevard de la Gaye, Marseille, F 13009, France
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45
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Montalto G, Iovanna JL, Soresi M, Dusetti N, Carroccio A, Barthelemy-Bialas S, Cartabellotta A, Dagorn JC. Clinical evaluation of pancreatitis-associated protein as a serum marker of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with alpha-fetoprotein. Oncology 1998; 55:421-5. [PMID: 9732219 DOI: 10.1159/000011889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the significance of serum pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) assay, as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in comparison and combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay. Sixty-five patients with HCC, 59 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 68 asymptomatic controls (C) were studied. PAP and AFP values significantly increased from C to LC and HCC group (p < 0.0001). The area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the two markers was not statistically different. At 100% specificity, ROC analysis gave a cut-off level for AFP of 166 IU/l with 40% sensitivity, and a cut-off level of 240 microg/l for PAP with 23% sensitivity. Diagnostic accuracy of combined AFP and PAP assay was significantly higher than AFP alone. Sensitivity according to tumor size also improved using the combined assay, especially for tumors <5 cm. Stepwise logistic regression indicated that AFP, but not PAP, was associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. These data confirm that PAP production is increased only in some cases of HCC and that the combined PAP and AFP assays do not significantly improve specificity over AFP assay alone. Consequently, PAP assay can only be recommended in cases of justified suspicion of HCC with negative AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalto
- Cattedra di Medicina Interna, Università di Palermo, Italia
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46
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Fiedler F, Mallo GV, Bödeker H, Keim V, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Overexpression of the PC3/TIS21/BTG2 mRNA is part of the stress response induced by acute pancreatitis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 249:562-5. [PMID: 9712737 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the acute phase reaction of the pancreas is a powerful emergency mechanism which protects the organism against further pancreatic aggression. In an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in this protective effect we tried to characterize at the molecular level the phenotypic changes of the pancreatic cell during acute stress. Using a systematic approach, we identified the PC3/TIS21/BTG2 mRNA as strongly overexpressed in pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis. PC3/TIS21/BTG2 mRNA is also overexpressed in liver and kidney during acute pancreatitis but not in the other tissues analyzed. In addition, PC3/TIS21/BTG2 mRNA is overexpressed in kidney after a 30-min ischemia. Since acute pancreatitis and kidney ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury were associated with apoptosis, and PC3/TIS21/BTG2 has an antiapoptotic activity, we speculate that this protein may play a role in the control of apoptosis progression in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiedler
- Klinikum Mannheim, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany
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47
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Calvo EL, Mallo GV, Fiedler F, Malka D, Vaccaro MI, Keim V, Morisset J, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Clusterin overexpression in rat pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis and pancreatic development. Eur J Biochem 1998; 254:282-9. [PMID: 9660181 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2540282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with apoptosis in pancreas remain largely unknown. Clusterin mRNA is induced in several tissues in response to most apoptotic stimuli. In these tissues, clusterin has an antiapoptotic activity. The aim of this work was to test whether clusterin, which is not expressed in normal pancreas, was induced in pancreas during pancreatitis and pancreatic development. Clusterin mRNA levels were strongly increased 6 h after pancreatitis induction. Maximal expression happened between 24-48 h and decreased progressively to undetectable levels at day 5. Clusterin mRNA was expressed with similar intensity in oedematous caerulein-induced pancreatitis and in response to various degrees of necrohaemorrhagic taurocholate-induced pancreatitis, indicating a maximal gene activity in all types of pancreatitis; in situ hybridization showed that the acinar cells and some ducts expressed clusterin mRNA. A single band of about 35-38 kDa was detected by western blot in pancreatic homogenates and in pancreatic juice from rats with acute pancreatitis, but not from control rats. Clusterin mRNA expression was strong in late fetal life and remains high until day 11 post-partum, then decreased progressively with a minimum from 35 to 90 days post-partum. Clusterin mRNA levels were strongly induced in pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cells in response to various apoptotic stimuli (i.e., cycloheximide, staurosporine, ceramide and H2O2) but not with interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4 or IL-6 or heat shock, which do not induce apoptosis in AR4-2J cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that clusterin is synthesized and released by the pancreas. Its strong expression during acute pancreatitis suggests its involvement in the pancreatic response to injury. Clusterin is also induced during pancreatic development. Because these situations are associated with apoptosis and clusterin was shown to protect against apoptosis, we speculate that clusterin could be involved in the control of acinar cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Calvo
- Departement de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
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Mallo GV, Soubeyran P, Lissitzky JC, André F, Farnarier C, Marvaldi J, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Expression of the Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeotic genes leads to reduced malignancy in colon cancer-derived cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:14030-6. [PMID: 9593754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.22.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described an inverse relationship between Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA levels and the extent of dysplasia and severity of clinical outcome in colorectal carcinoma, suggesting that altered expression of these genes was associated with colorectal carcinogenesis or tumor progression. To investigate further their involvement in the physiopathology of colorectal cancer, HT29 colon carcinoma cells that show very low Cdx expression were transfected with Cdx1 and/or Cdx2 cDNA to elicit their overexpression. Growth rate, tumorigenicity, resistance to apoptosis, and migration potential of the corresponding cells were analyzed. Growth rate of cells overexpressing Cdx2 decreased by half, whereas overexpression of Cdx1 had no effect. However, cells overexpressing both Cdxs had a growth rate reduced to 20% of control. In cells overexpressing Cdx1 or Cdx2, tumorigenicity and resistance to apoptosis induced by serum starvation, ceramide, or staurosporine were not changed compared with control cells; yet phorbol ester-stimulated cell migration was decreased by 50%. In cells overexpressing both Cdx1 and Cdx2, tumorigenicity was decreased by 50%, resistance to apoptosis was significantly lowered, and stimulated cell migration was further decreased to 15% of control compared with cells expressing Cdx1 or Cdx2. Finally, cells overexpressing both Cdxs showed strongly decreased Bcl-2 expression, which could account for their increased sensitivity to apoptosis. These findings show that, in HT29 cells, both Cdx1 and Cdx2 genes must be expressed to reduce tumorigenic potential, to increase sensitivity to apoptosis, and to reduce cell migration, suggesting that the two genes control the normal phenotype by independent pathways. This may explain why loss of Cdx1 or Cdx2 expression is associated with tumor development and invasiveness in colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Mallo
- U.315 INSERM, F 13009 Marseille, France
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49
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Fiedler F, Croissant N, Rehbein C, Iovanna JL, Dagorn JC, van Ackern K, Keim V. Acute-phase response of the rat pancreas protects against further aggression with severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:887-94. [PMID: 9590319 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199805000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the specific acute-phase response program of the pancreas is a powerful emergency defense mechanism that is beneficial during acute pancreatitis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING Research laboratory in a university medical school. SUBJECTS Female Wistar rats, weighing 250 to 300 g. INTERVENTIONS An acute-phase response was induced in rats subjected to hyperstimulation with cerulein. The development of the acute-phase reaction was monitored by the expression of the pancreatitis-associated protein I. In control animals, no acute-phase response was induced. After the first experimental procedure at periods of 2, 48, or 168 hrs, the pancreas was challenged by inducing severe necrotizing pancreatitis with retrograde infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The course of necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis and survival of the rats to the challenge was monitored with time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Forty-eight hours after the onset of edematous pancreatitis, the acute-phase response was strong, as judged by the overexpression of mRNA, which encoded the pancreatitis-associated protein I, and the resulting increase in concentrations of this protein in the pancreas. When necrotizing pancreatitis was induced, the survival rate was significantly higher than in the corresponding control group. In contrast, expression of the pancreatitis-associated protein I was not detectable after 2 hrs, indicating that the acute phase had not fully developed, nor after 168 hrs when the acute phase had ended. In both cases, challenge by necrotizing pancreatitis led to similar survival rates in cerulein-treated and control rats. CONCLUSIONS The acute-phase response of the pancreas seems to be a powerful emergency defense mechanism against further pancreatic aggression, as shown by the improved survival of the animals. The factors mediating this protection are unknown. Due to the strong overexpression of the pancreatitis-associated protein I during the climax of the acute phase, this protein might be involved in the defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiedler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Mannheim, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin der Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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Ortiz EM, Dusetti NJ, Vasseur S, Malka D, Bödeker H, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. The pancreatitis-associated protein is induced by free radicals in AR4-2J cells and confers cell resistance to apoptosis. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:808-16. [PMID: 9516402 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, during which pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP)-I is overexpressed. We explored whether PAP-I expression could be induced by oxidative stress and whether it could affect apoptosis. METHODS AR4-2J cells were exposed to H2O2 or menadione, and PAP-I messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed by Northern blotting. RESULTS Maximal expression was observed with 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 or with 0.05 mmol/L menadione. Induction was detectable after 12 hours, reached a climax at 18 hours, and then decreased. Pretreatment of the cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate completely abolished PAP-I mRNA induction, suggesting involvement of NFkappaB in the signaling pathway. These findings were confirmed in transient transfection assays using a plasmid containing the PAP-I promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Then the relationship between PAP-I induction and protection against cell damage during oxidative stress was considered. Constitutive PAP-I expression in AR4-2J cells after transfection with PAP-I complementary DNA conferred significant resistance to apoptosis induced by low doses of H2O2 but not to necrosis induced by high doses of H2O2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that during oxidative stress, PAP-I might be part of a mechanism of pancreatic cell protection against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ortiz
- Unité de Recherches de Physiologie et Pathologie Digestives, INSERM Unité 315, Marseille, France
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