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Archin N, Bar K, Burdo T, Caskey M, Chahroudi A, Farzan M, Ho YC, Jones R, Kearney M, Kuritzkes D, Margolis D, Martinez-Picado J, Okoye A, Salgado M, Stevenson M. Highlights from the Tenth International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy, December 13-16, 2022, Miami, Florida-USA. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100315. [PMID: 36911658 PMCID: PMC9996320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2023.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy provides a forum in which HIV/AIDS researchers gather to share the latest research findings related to viral reservoirs and cure. The Tenth Workshop, which was attended by over 400 delegates, extended over 4 days and comprised eight sessions covering topics from the basic science of viral persistence to therapeutic approaches to HIV cure. Furthermore, satellite sessions on the first day of the Conference featuring cure research endeavours being pursued by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as those being coordinated under the National Institutes of Health Martin Delaney Collaboratory program, provided important updates on research advances being made in these initiatives. As with previous conferences, the International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy is primarily abstract-driven with only one invited talk for each of the sessions. This format, therefore, increases the number of presentations from early-stage investigators. Furthermore, presentations by Community representatives illustrated approaches to creating cure research literacy with effective messaging for the Community. The following article offers a synopsis of the meeting sessions. Due to space constraints, some presentations may have only been briefly discussed. Nevertheless, the Workshop abstracts can be found online (https://www/sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-virus-eradication/vol/8/suppl/S).
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Archin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - K.J. Bar
- Dept of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - T. Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M. Caskey
- Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - A. Chahroudi
- Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - M. Farzan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, USA
| | - Y.-C. Ho
- HIV Reservoirs and Viral Eradication Transformative Science Group (Cure TSG), New Haven, USA
| | - R.B. Jones
- Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mary Kearney
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Host-Virus Interaction Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, USA
| | - D. Kuritzkes
- Harvard Medical School Infectious Disease, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - A. Okoye
- Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - M. Salgado
- IrsiCaixa Institute for AIDS Research, Badalona, Spain
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Puertas M, Gunst J, Pahus M, Kinloch N, Copertino D, Ward AR, Brumme Z, Jones RB, Tolstrup M, Fidler S, Søgaard O, Martinez-Picado J. OP 1.9 – 00042 Measuring the impact of early 3BNC117 intervention at ART initiation on the productive reservoir in a cohort of diverse viral subtypes: results from the VIP-SPOT assay in the eCLEAR trial. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Cao MG, Moran T, Dalmau J, Garcia-Corbacho J, Bernabe R, Vidal OJ, de Castro Carpeño J, Blanco R, Drozdowskyj A, Meyerhans A, Blanco J, Prado J, Clotet B, Sureda BM, Pulla MP, Molina-Vila M, Martinez-Picado J, Costa RR. 1275P Extended follow-up of DURVAST trial: A phase II study evaluating durvalumab treatment in HIV-1-infected patients with solid tumours by the Spanish lung cancer group. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Moron-Lopez S, Bernal S, Steens J, Wong J, Martinez-Picado J, Yukl S. Intensification of ART with ABX464 decreases the total HIV reservoir and HIV transcription initiation in CD4 T cells from HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Eberhard J, Angin M, Passaes C, Salgado M, Díez Martín J, Nijhuis M, Wensing A, Martinez-Picado J, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Sáez-Cirión A. The IciStem consortium: T-cell immunology in HIV-1 infected individuals after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Gálvez C, Urrea V, Benet S, Mothe B, Bailón L, Dalmau J, Leal L, García F, Martinez-Picado J, Salgado M. Low viral reservoir treated individuals show unusual HIV latency distribution. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gálvez C, Casado C, Pernas M, Tarancón-Diez L, Rodríguez C, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Ruiz-Mateos E, Salgado M, Lopez-Galindez C, Martinez-Picado J. Permanent control of HIV-1 pathogenesis in exceptional elite controllers: a model of spontaneous cure. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Gonzalez-Cao M, Martinez-Picado J, Karachaliou N, Rosell R, Meyerhans A. Cancer immunotherapy of patients with HIV infection. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:713-720. [PMID: 30446984 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with antibodies against immune checkpoints has made impressive advances in the last several years. The most relevant drugs target programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed on T cells or its ligand, the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed on cancer cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Unfortunately, cancer patients with HIV infection are usually excluded from cancer clinical trials, because there are concerns about the safety and the anti-tumoral activity of these novel therapies in patients with HIV infection. Several retrospective studies and some case reports now support the notion that antibodies against immune checkpoints are safe and active in cancer patients with HIV infection, but prospective data in these patients are lacking. In addition, signs of antiviral activity with increase in CD4 T cell counts, plasma viremia reduction or decrease in the viral reservoir have been reported in some of the patients treated, although no patient achieved a complete clearance of the viral reservoir. Here we briefly summarize all clinical cases reported in the literature, as well as ongoing clinical trials testing novel immunotherapy drugs in cancer patients with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gonzalez-Cao
- Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, C/Sabino Arana, 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Karachaliou
- Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Sagrat Cor University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rosell
- Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, C/Sabino Arana, 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Sagrat Cor University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - A Meyerhans
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Steens JM, Cranston R, Martinez-Picado J, Paredes R, Clotet B, Gineste P, Ehrlich H, McGowan I. Oral ABX464 reduces the HIV DNA reservoir IN CD4+ peripheral blood T cells. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abdel-Mohsen M, Tomescu C, Vadrevu S, Spivak A, Kuri-Cervantes L, Wu G, Cox K, Vemula S, Fair M, Lynn K, Buzon M, Martinez-Picado J, Betts M, Planelles V, Mounzer K, Howell B, Hazuda D, Tebas P, Montaner L. CD32+ CD4+ T Cells are HIV transcriptionally active rather than a resting reservoir. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Salgado M, González V, Rivaya B, Gálvez C, Kwon M, Badiola J, Bandera A, Jensen B, Vandekerckhove L, Raj K, Nijhuis M, Jurado M, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Saez-Cirión A, Luis Diez-Martin J, Wensing A, Martinez-Picado J. HIV-seroreversion dynamics after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Salgado M, Kwon M, Gálvez C, Nijhuis M, Wiesch JS, Bandera A, Knops E, Badiola J, Jensen B, Saez-Cirión A, Jurado M, Kaiser R, Hutter G, Rocha V, Kobbe G, Wensing A, Diez J, Martinez-Picado J. OA5-1 Achievement of full donor chimerism with episodes of alloreactivity contributes to reduce the HIV reservoir after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Baptista M, Muncunill J, Hernandez-Rodriguez A, Dalmau J, Garcia O, Tapia G, Moreno M, Sancho J, Martinez-Picado J, Ribera J, Feliu E, Mate J, Navarro J. Epstein-Barr virus load in plasma is an early biomarker of HIV-related lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2439_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Baptista
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - J. Muncunill
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | | | - J. Dalmau
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - O. Garcia
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - G. Tapia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - M. Moreno
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - J. Sancho
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - J. Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Badalona Spain
| | - J. Ribera
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - E. Feliu
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - J. Mate
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - J. Navarro
- Department of Hematology; ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
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Martínez-Bonet M, González-Serna A, Clemente MI, Morón-López S, Díaz L, Navarro M, Puertas MC, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E, Martinez-Picado J, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Relationship between CCR5 (WT/Δ32) heterozygosity and HIV-1 reservoir size in adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 23:318-324. [PMID: 28042001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several host factors contribute to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in the absence of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Among them, the CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is known to be the main co-receptor used by HIV-1 to enter target cells during the early stages of an HIV-1 infection. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of CCR5(WT/Δ32) heterozygosity with HIV-1 reservoir size, lymphocyte differentiation, activation and immunosenescence in adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection receiving cART. METHODS CCR5 genotype was analysed in 242 patients with vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection from Paediatric Spanish AIDS Research Network Cohort (coRISpe). Proviral HIV-1 DNA was quantified by digital-droplet PCR, and T-cell phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry in a subset of 24 patients (ten with CCR5(Δ32/WT) genotype and 14 with CCR5(WT/WT) genotype). RESULTS Twenty-three patients were heterozygous for the Δ32 genotype but none was homozygous for the mutated CCR5 allele. We observed no difference in the HIV-1 reservoir size (455 and 578 copies of HIV-1 DNA per million CD4+ T cells in individuals with CCR5(WT/WT) and CCR5(Δ32/WT) genotypes, respectively; p 0.75) or in the immune activation markers between both genotype groups. However, we found that total HIV-1 DNA in CD4+ T cells correlated with the percentage of memory CD4+ T cells: a direct correlation in CCR5(WT/Δ32) patients but an inverse correlation in those with the CCR5(WT/WT) genotype. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests a differential distribution of the viral reservoir compartment in CCR5(WT/Δ32) patients with perinatal HIV infection, which is a characteristic that may affect the design of strategies for reservoir elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Bonet
- Laboratory of Immuno Molecular Biology, Section of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Serna
- Laboratory of Immuno Molecular Biology, Section of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - M I Clemente
- Laboratory of Immuno Molecular Biology, Section of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Morón-López
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - L Díaz
- Laboratory of Immuno Molecular Biology, Section of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Navarro
- Department of Infection Disease Section, Paediatric Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Puertas
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - E Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - J Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M A Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratory of Immuno Molecular Biology, Section of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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Knops E, Kobbe G, Kaiser R, Luebke N, Dunay G, Fischer J, Huettig F, Wensing A, Haas R, Nijhuis M, Martinez-Picado J, Haeussinger D, Jensen B. Treatment of HIV and acute myeloid leukemia by allogeneic CCR5-d32 blood stem cell transplantation. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wensing A, Diez-Martin J, Huetter G, Kuball J, Kwon M, Nijhuis M, Saez-Cirion A, Rocha V, Salgado M, Wiesch J, Stam A, Martinez-Picado J. OA3-1 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in HIV-1-infected individuals; the EPISTEM consortium. J Virus Erad 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Prado J, Noel N, Peña R, David A, Avettand-Fenoel V, Erkizia I, Jimenez E, Lecuroux C, Rouzioux C, Boufassa F, Pancino G, Venet A, Van Lint C, Martinez-Picado J, Lambotte O, Sáez-Cirión A. Long-term spontaneous control of HIV-1 relates to low frequency of infected cells and inefficient viral reactivation. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nijhuis M, Bruns A, Salgado M, Stam A, Ellerbroek P, Tesselaar K, van Ham P, de Jong T, Hutter G, Zeerleder S, van der Meer J, Brosens L, Martinez-Picado J, Kuball J, Wensing A. Post-mortem analysis of HIV-1 reservoir after allogeneic transplantation using stem cells. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Morón-López S, Mothe B, Manzardo C, Sanchez-Bernabeu A, Coll P, Puertas M, Dorrell L, Miró J, Clotet B, Brander C, Martinez-Picado J, Hanke T. HIV conserved region vaccine in early cART-treated subjects (BCN01): impact on immunogenicity and the latent reservoir. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Arimany-Nardi C, Errasti-Murugarren E, Minuesa G, Martinez-Picado J, Gorboulev V, Koepsell H, Pastor-Anglada M. Nucleoside transporters and human organic cation transporter 1 determine the cellular handling of DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3868-80. [PMID: 24780098 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), such as azacytidine, decitabine and zebularine, are used for the epigenetic treatment of cancer. Their action may depend upon their translocation across the plasma membrane. The aim of this study was to identify transporter proteins contributing to DNMT inhibitor action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Drug interactions with selected hCNT and hENT proteins were studied in transiently transfected HeLa and MDCK cells. Interaction with human organic cation transporters (hOCTs) was assessed in transiently transfected HeLa cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes. KEY RESULTS Zebularine uptake was mediated by hCNT1, hCNT3 and hENT2. Decitabine interacted with but was not translocated by any nucleoside transporter (NT) type. hCNT expression at the apical domain of MDCK cells promoted net vectorial flux of zebularine. Neither hOCT1 nor hOCT2 transported decitabine, but both were involved in the efflux of zebularine, suggesting these proteins act as efflux transporters. hOCT1 polymorphic variants, known to alter function, decreased zebularine efflux. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study highlights the influence of human NTs and hOCTs on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selected DNMT inhibitors. As hOCTs may also behave as efflux transporters, they could contribute either to chemoresistance or to chemosensitivity, depending upon the nature of the drug or combination of drugs being used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arimany-Nardi
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) & National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseaes (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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Tiraboschi JM, Muñoz-Moreno JA, Puertas MC, Alonso-Villaverde C, Prats A, Ferrer E, Rozas N, Maso M, Ouchi D, Martinez-Picado J, Podzamczer D. Viral and inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment during antiretroviral treatment switch. HIV Med 2015; 16:388-92. [PMID: 25721471 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate HIV-1 viral load (VL) and inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neurocognitive performance in patients with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) while they were receiving tenofovir (TDF)/ emtricitabine (FTC)/efavirenz (EFV) and after switching to a regimen with enhanced central nervous system (CNS) penetrability. METHODS This was a prospective, single-arm pilot study. HIV-1-infected patients with plasma viral suppression and HIV-associated NCI on a regimen including TDF/FTC/EFV were switched to abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)/maraviroc (MVC). The Global Deficit Score (GDS) was used to score cognitive function at baseline and 48 weeks after treatment switch. Both CSF and blood samples were taken at baseline and between weeks 24 and 36 after switching. HIV-1 RNA in plasma and CSF was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Inflammatory biomarkers in CSF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS A total of 71 patients receiving TDF/FTC/EFV were screened. Twelve of them (17%) had documented NCI, lacked the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01 haplotype and harboured Chemokine Receptor Type-5 (CCR5)-tropic virus. Eight patients had detectable HIV-1 RNA (between 2.7 and 41.6 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) in CSF at baseline. All participants had elevated levels of neopterin and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) in CSF at baseline. Eight out of 12 patients completed their follow-up assessment after treatment switch. The GDS decreased from 0.55 to 0.4 (P = 0.085). Median HIV-1 RNA in CSF decreased from 3.49 to 2.20 (P = 0.23). Among the inflammation markers in CSF, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α decreased significantly from median 0.51 to 0.35 pg/mL (P = 0.027), showing a correlation with the changes in neopterin, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with NCI receiving TDF/FTC/EFV had low-level viraemia and/or increased inflammatory markers in CSF. Treatment switching to an MVC-containing regimen with better CNS penetration resulted in a trend towards improvement in neurocognitive status and reduced TNF-α concentrations in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tiraboschi
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Muñoz-Moreno
- Fight AIDS Fundation-University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - M C Puertas
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - A Prats
- Fight AIDS Fundation-University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - E Ferrer
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Rozas
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Maso
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Ouchi
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - J Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Podzamczer
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Surdo M, Alteri C, Puertas MC, Saccomandi P, Parrotta L, Swenson L, Chapman D, Costa G, Artese A, Balestra E, Aquaro S, Alcaro S, Lewis M, Clotet B, Harrigan R, Valdez H, Svicher V, Perno CF, Martinez-Picado J, Ceccherini-Silberstein F. Effect of maraviroc on non-R5 tropic HIV-1: refined analysis of subjects from the phase IIb study A4001029. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:103.e1-6. [PMID: 25636934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We characterized maraviroc susceptibility of dual/mixed tropic viruses from subjects enrolled onto phase IIb study A4001029. Maraviroc baseline plasma samples from 13 multidrug-experienced subjects were sequenced and the HIV-1-env gene cloned into pNL4.3Δenv to obtain recombinant viruses. The V3 region was sequenced by the Sanger method and ultradeep sequencing. By analysing subjects having a weighted optimized background therapy susceptibility (wOBT) score of <1, 3/7 subjects were characterized by good in vivo and in vitro response to maraviroc therapy. Molecular docking simulations allowed us to rationalize the maraviroc susceptibility of dual/mixed tropic viruses. A subset of subjects with dual/mixed tropic viruses responded to maraviroc. Further investigations are warranted of CCR5 antagonists in subjects carrying dual/mixed tropic virus that explore the feasible use of maraviroc in subjects that is potentially larger than those infected with a pure R5 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Surdo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Alteri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Puertas
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari 'Germans Trias i Pujol', Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Saccomandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Parrotta
- Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Græcia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Swenson
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - G Costa
- Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Græcia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Artese
- Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Græcia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E Balestra
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Alcaro
- Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Græcia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - B Clotet
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari 'Germans Trias i Pujol', Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain; Universitat de Vic (UVic), Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Harrigan
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - V Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C F Perno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - J Martinez-Picado
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari 'Germans Trias i Pujol', Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain; Universitat de Vic (UVic), Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Garcia F, Climent N, Guardo AC, Gil C, Leon A, Autran B, Lifson JD, Martinez-Picado J, Dalmau J, Clotet B, Gatell JM, Plana M, Gallart T. A Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Elicits T Cell Responses Associated with Control of HIV-1 Replication. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:166ra2. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Rodriguez-Plata M, Urrutia A, Cardinaud S, Buzon M, Izquierdo-Useros N, Prado JG, Puertas M, Erkizia I, Coulon P, Cedeño S, Clotet B, Moris A, Martinez-Picado J. HIV-1 capture and antigen presentation by dendritic cells: enhanced viral capture does not correlate with better T-Cell activation. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441413 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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25
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Julg B, Pereyra F, Buzón MJ, Piechocka-Trocha A, Clark MJ, Baker BM, Lian J, Miura T, Martinez-Picado J, Addo MM, Walker BD. Infrequent recovery of HIV from but robust exogenous infection of activated CD4(+) T cells in HIV elite controllers. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51:233-8. [PMID: 20550452 PMCID: PMC3749734 DOI: 10.1086/653677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) elite controllers are able to control infection with HIV-1 spontaneously to undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, but the mechanisms leading to this phenotype are poorly understood. Although low frequencies of HIV-infected peripheral CD4(+) T cells have been reported in this group, it remains unclear to what extent these are due to viral attenuation, active immune containment, or intracellular host factors that restrict virus replication. METHODS. We assessed proviral DNA levels, autologous viral growth from and infectability of in vitro activated, CD8(+) T cell-depleted CD4(+) T cells from HIV elite controllers (mean viral load, <50 copies/mL), viremic controllers (mean viral load, <2000 copies/mL), chronic progressors, and individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS. Although we successfully detected autologous virus production in ex vivo activated CD4(+) T cells from all chronic progressors and from most of the viremic controllers, we were able to measure robust autologous viral replication in only 2 of 14 elite controllers subjected to the same protocol. In vitro activated autologous CD4(+) T cells from elite controllers, however, supported infection with both X4 and R5 tropic HIV strains at comparable levels to those in CD4(+) T cells from HIV-uninfected subjects. Proviral DNA levels were the lowest in elite controllers, suggesting that extremely low frequencies of infected cells contribute to difficulty in isolation of virus. CONCLUSIONS. These data indicate that elite control is not due to inability of activated CD4(+) T cells to support HIV infection, but the relative contributions of host and viral factors that account for maintenance of low-level infection remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Julg
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gil C, Climent N, Hurtado C, Nieto S, García F, León A, Maite G, Dalmau J, Pumarola T, Almela M, Martinez-Picado J, Zamora L, Miró JM, Gallart T, Gatell JM. P18-07. Ex vivo production of autologous HIV-1 to be used as immunogen in autologous dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccine (clinical trial DCV02). Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767822 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Guilà M, Dalmau J, Gil C, Martinez-Picado J, García F, Climent N, García M, Hurtado C, Pumarola T, Miró J, Gallart T, Gatell J. P20-06. Study of viral variability evolution in patients submitted to a therapeutic vaccine based on autologous dendritic cells pulsed with autologous HIV-1. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767888 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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Bonjoch A, Buzon MJ, Llibre JM, Negredo E, Puig J, Pérez-Alvarez N, Videla S, Martinez-Picado J, Clotet B. Transient treatment exclusively containing nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors in highly antiretroviral-experienced patients preserves viral benefit when a fully active therapy was initiated. HIV Clin Trials 2009; 9:387-98. [PMID: 19203904 DOI: 10.1310/hct0906-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined whether coformulated zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus tenofovir could maintain immune status in comparison with a genotype-guided salvage regimen in highly pretreated patients. METHOD This was a randomized pilot control-arm study. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who maintained their CD4+ T-cell count at Week 48. RESULTS Thirteen patients were randomized to the study arm and 10 to the control arm. At 48 weeks, 8 (64%) patients in the study arm and 10 (100%) in the control arm maintained their immune status (p = .09). No new AIDS-defining events occurred. Three patients (27%) in the study arm and 5 (50%) in the control arm achieved an undetectable viral load (p = .39). When a fully suppressive regimen was initiated, 69% of patients in the study arm (9 patients) and 60% (6 patients) in the control arm reached <50 copies at 96 weeks (p = .98). CONCLUSION Although no statistically significant differences in immunological course were observed between the arms, the control group achieved better results after 48 weeks. This transient therapy could be reserved for specific patients in whom the risk of incomplete adherence or toxicity compromises efficacy while they are awaiting a fully active drug, without jeopardizing viral efficacy when a fully suppressive regimen is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonjoch
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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29
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Llibre JM, Bonjoch A, Iribarren J, Galindo MJ, Negredo E, Domingo P, Pérez-Alvarez N, Martinez-Picado J, Schapiro J, Clotet B. Targeting only reverse transcriptase with zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients with multidrug-resistant virus: a multicentre pilot study. HIV Med 2008; 9:508-13. [PMID: 18484978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, immunological outcome and HIV-1 evolution in the reverse transcriptase (RT) in patients with multidrug resistance receiving zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir (TZV) plus tenofovir (TDF). METHODS Pilot analysis of highly experienced patients (n=28), with > or =1 thymidine-associated mutation (TAM) and the M184V mutation. RESULTS Median of 8.5 treatment regimens, 58% Centers for Disease Control stage C. Baseline (nadir) CD4 count 363 (112) cells/microL. There was a sustained 24-week drop in viral load (VL) of 0.71 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (P<0.001), with 35.7% (10/28) achieving a VL of <50 copies/mL. The median 24-week decrease in CD4 was -53 cells/microL and only-17 cells/microL when baseline CD4 was <350 cells/microL. There was no evolution in RT mutations, TAMs, accessory mutations or K65R. No clinical progression and one out of 28 suspected abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction (HSR). Lower probability of achieving VL<400 copies/mL was associated with D67N (P=0.007), D67N/M41L (P=0.01), > or =3 TAMs (P=0.07) and VL>10 000 copies/mL (P=0.01). Mutations conferring zidovudine hypersusceptibility (Y181C, K65R and L74V) did not improve virological or immunological outcomes. Better CD4 outcomes were seen in patients without M41L (P=0.04) or with baseline VL<10,000 copies/mL (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS A bridging regimen with TZV+TDF prevents significant immunological decline and may forestall viral evolution in HIV-1 RT despite persistent viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Llibre
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [corrected]
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30
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Bonjoch A, Llibre JM, Negredo E, Puig J, Pérez-Álvarez N, Buzon MJ, Martinez-Picado J, Clotet B. Transient therapy with quadruple NRTI provides immune stability in patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 and no options for suppressive regimens. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Negredo E, Paredes R, Peraire J, Pedrol E, Côté H, Gel S, Fumaz CR, Ruiz L, Abril V, de Castro ER, Ochoa C, Martinez-Picado J, Montaner J, Rey-Joly C, Clotet B, Clotet B, Ruiz L, Martinez-Picado J, Gel S, Fumaz CR, Muñoz-Moreno JA, Bonjoch A, Martínez JC, Miranda J, Puig J, Arisa ER, Tuldrà A, Bonjoch A, Jou A, Tural C, Sirera G, Romeu J, Negredo E, Zala C, Ochoa C, Cahn P, Torres O, Domingo P, Vilaró J, Llibre JM, Peraire J, Vidal F, Richart C, Viladés C, Martín L, Rodríguez R, Mata R, Viciana P, Abril V, Rubio R, Torralba M, Cervantes M, Gatell JM, Lonca M, Ruiz I, Azuaje C, Pedrol E, Rodríguez de Castro E. Alternation of Antiretroviral Drug Regimens for HIV Infection. Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability at Week 96 of the Swatch Study. Antivir Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Alternation of antiretroviral drug regimens has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy for HIV infection. However, some concerns persist regarding antiviral efficacy, adherence, toxicity and resistance evolution in the long term. Methods A total of 161 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients were randomized to receive stavudine/ didanosine/efavirenz (group A) or zidovudine/lamivudine/ nelfinavir (group B) or to alternate between the two regimens every 3 months starting with regimen A (group C). Antiviral efficacy, adherence, safety and tolerability were analysed every 12 weeks. Results After 96 weeks, time to virological failure was significantly delayed in the alternating regimen compared with the standards of care regimens. Virological suppression was seen in 46%, 48% and 58% of patients in groups A, B and C, respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis and in 75%, 76% and 97% in the on-treatment analysis (A vs C: P=0.014; B vs C: P=0.016; A vs B: P=0.849). At the end of the study, 94% of patients in group A and 92% in groups B and C reported an adherence greater than 95%. Alternating therapy was associated with a similar impact on CD4+ counts in comparison with the standards of care regimens, as well as a lower mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) ratio decrease in the mitochondrial substudy performed on 37 patients. The frequency and intensity of adverse events in the alternating group decreased during subsequent cycles. Discussion Our results favour the hypothesis that proactive therapy switching may delay the accumulation of resistance mutations. Moreover, the alternating regimen was well tolerated and adherence remained comparably high in all treatment groups. The lower mtDNA/nDNA ratio decrease observed in this group may imply a lower impact on mitochondrial toxicity than in standard regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Negredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Helene Côté
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Gel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmina R Fumaz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celestino Rey-Joly
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lluita contra la SIDA and IrsiCaixa Foundations, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Clotet
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ruiz
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S Gel
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - CR Fumaz
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A Bonjoch
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - JC Martínez
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Miranda
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Puig
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - ER Arisa
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tuldrà
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bonjoch
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Jou
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Tural
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Sirera
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Romeu
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Negredo
- Hosp Univ Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Zala
- Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Ochoa
- Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Torres
- Hosp Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Domingo
- Hosp Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - F Vidal
- Hosp Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - R Mata
- Hosp Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Viciana
- Hosp Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - V Abril
- Hosp General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Rubio
- Hosp 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - M Lonca
- Hosp Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Ruiz
- Hosp del Valle Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Azuaje
- Hosp del Valle Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Pedrol
- Hosp de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
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Leslie AJ, Pfafferott KJ, Chetty P, Draenert R, Addo MM, Feeney M, Tang Y, Holmes EC, Allen T, Prado JG, Altfeld M, Brander C, Dixon C, Ramduth D, Jeena P, Thomas SA, St John A, Roach TA, Kupfer B, Luzzi G, Edwards A, Taylor G, Lyall H, Tudor-Williams G, Novelli V, Martinez-Picado J, Kiepiela P, Walker BD, Goulder PJR. HIV evolution: CTL escape mutation and reversion after transmission. Nat Med 2004; 10:282-9. [PMID: 14770175 DOI: 10.1038/nm992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Within-patient HIV evolution reflects the strong selection pressure driving viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition. Whether this intrapatient accumulation of escape mutations translates into HIV evolution at the population level has not been evaluated. We studied over 300 patients drawn from the B- and C-clade epidemics, focusing on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles HLA-B57 and HLA-B5801, which are associated with long-term HIV control and are therefore likely to exert strong selection pressure on the virus. The CTL response dominating acute infection in HLA-B57/5801-positive subjects drove positive selection of an escape mutation that reverted to wild-type after transmission to HLA-B57/5801-negative individuals. A second escape mutation within the epitope, by contrast, was maintained after transmission. These data show that the process of accumulation of escape mutations within HIV is not inevitable. Complex epitope- and residue-specific selection forces, including CTL-mediated positive selection pressure and virus-mediated purifying selection, operate in tandem to shape HIV evolution at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
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Miller V, Sabin C, Hertogs K, Bloor S, Martinez-Picado J, D'Aquila R, Larder B, Lutz T, Gute P, Weidmann E, Rabenau H, Phillips A, Staszewski S. Virological and immunological effects of treatment interruptions in HIV-1 infected patients with treatment failure. AIDS 2000; 14:2857-67. [PMID: 11153667 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200012220-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the immunological and virological effects of treatment interruptions in HIV-1-infected patients with treatment failure and multidrug-resistant virus. METHODS Drug susceptibility was assessed using Antivirogram and genotypic analysis was based on population and clonal sequencing for 48 patients who had interrupted treatment (> or = 2 months). RESULTS Treatment interruption resulted in viral load increases (mean 0.7 log 10 copies/ ml; P = 0.0001) and CD4 cell count decreases (mean 89 x 10(6) cells/l; P = 0.0001). A complete shift to wild-type virus at the phenotypic, genotypic and clonal level was observed in 28/45 patients. These patients differed from those that did not show a shift to wild type in baseline CD4 cell counts (192 versus 59 x 10(6) cells/l; P= 0.007) and in the relationship between baseline viral load and CD4 cell count (no correlation versus a significant negative correlation; P= 0.008). Response to re-initiation of treatment fell with increasing viral load [relative hazard (RH) 0.33; P= 0.001] and with increasing total number of drugs with reduced susceptibility (RH 0.51; P = 0.0003); it improved with the number of new drugs received (RH 2.12; P = 0.0002) and a shift to wild type (RH 5.22, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Changes in surrogate markers suggest that treatment provided benefit in spite of virological failure and resistant virus. Although patients with a shift to wildtype virus responded better in the short term to treatment re-initiation, the long-term effects are not known and the risk of immune deterioration needs to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miller
- Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolution under chemotherapeutic selection pressure in vivo involves a complex interplay between an increasing magnitude of drug resistance and changes in viral replicative capacity. To examine the replicative fitness of HIV-1 mutants with single, drug-selected substitutions in protease (PR), we constructed virus that contained the most common mutations in indinavir-selected clinical isolates, PR M46I and V82T, and the most common polymorphic change in drug-naïve patients, PR L63P. These mutants were competed in vitro in the absence of drug against the otherwise isogenic WT virus (NL4-3). Phenotypic drug susceptibility was determined with a recombinant virus assay using a single cycle of virus growth. PR M46I and L63P were as fit as WT. However, PR V82T was out-competed by WT. None of these mutants had appreciable phenotypic resistance to any of the protease inhibitors, including indinavir. The PRV82T mutant was hypersusceptible to saquinavir. Thus, the impaired fitness of the V82T single mutant is consistent with its low frequency in protease inhibitor-naïve patients. The similar fitness of WT (NL4-3), L63P, and M46I is consistent with the common occurrence of L63P in the absence of protease inhibitor-selection pressure, but not with the rare detection of M46I in drug-naïve patients.
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Martinez-Picado J, DePasquale MP, Kartsonis N, Hanna GJ, Wong J, Finzi D, Rosenberg E, Gunthard HF, Sutton L, Savara A, Petropoulos CJ, Hellmann N, Walker BD, Richman DD, Siliciano R, D'Aquila RT. Antiretroviral resistance during successful therapy of HIV type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:10948-53. [PMID: 11005867 PMCID: PMC27129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.20.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations were selected during antiretroviral therapy successfully suppressing plasma HIV-1 RNA to <50 copies/ml. New resistant mutant subpopulations were identified by clonal sequencing analyses of viruses cultured from blood cells. Drug susceptibility tests showed that biological clones of virus with the mutations acquired during successful therapy had increased resistance. Each of the five subjects with new resistant mutants had evidence of some residual virus replication during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), based on transient episodes of plasma HIV-1 RNA > 50 copies/ml and virus env gene sequence changes. Each had received a suboptimal regimen before starting HAART. Antiretroviral-resistant HIV-1 can be selected from residual virus replication during HAART in the absence of sustained rebound of plasma HIV-1 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martinez-Picado
- Infectious Disease Division and AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Gilbert PB, Hanna GJ, De Gruttola V, Martinez-Picado J, Kuritzkes DR, Johnson VA, Richman DD, D'Aquila RT. Comparative analysis of HIV type 1 genotypic resistance across antiretroviral trial treatment regimens. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16:1325-36. [PMID: 11018852 DOI: 10.1089/08892220050140874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From data on HIV-1 genotypes collected from antiretroviral trial participants who fail virologically, we describe methods for comparing distributions of acquired HIV-1 mutations across different treatment regimens. Given a definition of a "mutational distance" that summarizes the genetic change of a subject's virus in a way that captures the resistance cost of exposure to an antiretroviral regimen, these comparative analyses inform about the relative treatability of emergent virus by next-line therapy directed to the same viral target. The utility of the methods is illustrated by application to data from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 241. We find that patients failing zidovudine/didanosine/nevirapine accumulated a 2.41-fold greater nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) mutational distance than patients failing zidovudine/didanosine [95% confidence interval (1.55, 5.26), p < 0.000001], quantitating expectations that adding a nonnucleoside RTI to a double nucleoside regimen may attenuate future effectiveness of nonnucleoside RTI therapy for nucleoside-experienced patients if viremia is not suppressed. We also find that persons with extensive prior experience with suboptimal nucleoside therapy who were virologically failing zidovudine/didanosine/nevirapine or zidovudine/didanosine accumulated a similar nucleoside RTI mutational distance, implying that the addition of the nonnucleoside RTI did not preserve future nucleoside options.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Gilbert
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Hanna GJ, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Richman DD, Martinez-Picado J, Sutton L, Hazelwood JD, D'Aquila RT. Comparison of sequencing by hybridization and cycle sequencing for genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:2715-21. [PMID: 10878069 PMCID: PMC87006 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.7.2715-2721.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performances of two methods of nucleotide sequencing were compared for the detection of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) in viruses isolated from highly RT inhibitor-experienced individuals. Of 11,677 amino acids deduced from population PCR products by both cycle sequencing and sequencing by hybridization to high-density arrays of oligonucleotide probes, 97.4% were concordant by both methods, 0.8% were discordant, and 1.7% had an ambiguous determination by at least one method. A higher rate of discordance (3.9%) was observed among RT inhibitor resistance-associated codons. In 45% of the isolates, RT codon 67 was deduced as the wild-type Asp by hybridization sequencing but as the zidovudine resistance-associated Asn by cycle sequencing. In other resistance-associated codon discordances, cycle sequencing also more commonly called a known resistance-associated amino acid than hybridization sequencing did. The nucleotide sequence in the vicinity of several codons with discordant calls influenced population-based hybridization sequencing. For isolates evaluated by additional sequencing of molecular clones of PCR products by both methods, the discordance between methods was less frequent (0.4% of all 5,994 amino acids and 0 of 494 drug resistance-associated codons). At positions which were discordant or ambiguous in the population sequences, the results of sequencing of clones by both methods were usually in agreement with the population cycle sequencing result. In summary, most RT codons were highly concordant by both methods of population-based sequencing, with discordances due in large part to genetic mixtures within or adjacent to discordant codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hanna
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Ruiz L, Martinez-Picado J, Romeu J, Paredes R, Zayat MK, Marfil S, Negredo E, Sirera G, Tural C, Clotet B. Structured treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients after long-term viral suppression. AIDS 2000; 14:397-403. [PMID: 10770542 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200003100-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the virological and immunological impact of a structured treatment interruption (STI) in a cohort of HIV-1 chronically infected patients with a further long-lasting effective virus suppression. METHODS Twelve HIV-1 chronically infected adults who had maintained viral suppression (< 20 copies/ml) for more than 2 years, as well as a CD4:CD8 ratio > 1 for a median time of 22 months, were included in the study. Participants interrupted their antiretroviral treatment during a maximum period of 30 days or until a viral load rebound > 3000 copies/ml was detected. The same prior antiretroviral regimen was resumed after STI. Kinetics of plasma viral rebound was evaluated every 2 days during the treatment interruption period. Flow cytometry and cell proliferation assays were performed before and after STI. Genotypic resistance was assessed at the time of treatment resumption. RESULTS No adverse events occurred during the interruption period. In two patients no viral rebound was detected after 30 days of treatment interruption. In the remaining 10 patients, viral load became detectable (> 20 copies/ml) at a median time of 14 days after treatment interruption. Afterwards, viral load increased exponentially with a mean t1/2 of 1.6 days. Treatment was successfully resumed in all patients. No resistance-conferring mutations associated with the pre-interruption antiretroviral regimen were detected. The percentage of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes did not vary during the STI period; however, the level of expression of T-cell activation antigen CD38 on CD8 T cells increased significantly in response to viral rebound. Four patients gained T-helper cell responses to recall antigens (tuberculin and tetanus toxoid), two of who developed an HIV-specific response to p24. CONCLUSIONS STI in chronically HIV-1-infected patients is not associated with reductions in CD4 T lymphocytes or to clinical complications in this group of patients after 2 years of effective plasma viral suppression. Viral load rebounds in most but not all patients, without evidence of selection of resistance-conferring mutations. Thereafter, viraemia can be effectively controlled by antiretroviral agent reintroduction. HIV-specific T-helper cell responses may be achieved after one cycle of treatment interruption suggesting some degree of immune-stimulation. These data do not discard consecutive cycles of STI as a therapeutic strategy to boost HIV-specific immunity in order to maintain viral replication under effective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz
- Retrovirology Laboratory irsiCaixa Foundation, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martinez-Picado J, Sutton L, De Pasquale MP, Savara AV, D'Aquila RT. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cloning vectors for antiretroviral resistance testing. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2943-51. [PMID: 10449480 PMCID: PMC85420 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.9.2943-2951.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Better detection of minority human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations containing gene mutations may improve the usefulness of antiretroviral resistance testing for clinical management. Molecular cloning of HIV-1 PCR products which might improve minority detection can be slow and difficult, and commercially available recombinant virus assays test drug susceptibility of virus pools. We describe novel plasmids and simple methods for rapid cloning of HIV-1 PCR products from patient specimens and their application to generate infectious recombinant virus clones for virus phenotyping and genotyping. Eight plasmids with differing deletions of sequences encoding HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, or Gag p7/p1 and Gag p1/p6 cleavage sites were constructed for cloning HIV-1 PCR products. A simple HIV-1 sequence-specific uracil deglycosylase-mediated cloning method with the vectors and primers designed here was more rapid than standard ligase-mediated cloning. Pooled and molecularly cloned infectious recombinant viruses were generated with these vectors. Replicative viral fitness and drug susceptibility phenotypes of cloned infectious viruses containing patient specimen-derived sequences were measured. Clonal resistance genotyping analyses were also performed from virus isolates, plasma HIV-1 RNA, and infected cell DNA. Sequencing of a limited number of molecular clones detected minorities of resistant virus not identified in the pooled population PCR product sequence and linkage of minority mutations.
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Abstract
The relative replicative fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutants selected by different protease inhibitors (PIs) in vivo was determined. Each mutant was compared to wild type (WT), NL4-3, in the absence of drugs by several methods, including clonal genotyping of cultures infected with two competing viral variants, kinetics of viral antigen production, and viral infectivity/virion particle ratios. A nelfinavir-selected protease D30N substitution substantially decreased replicative capacity relative to WT, while a saquinavir-selected L90M substitution moderately decreased fitness. The D30N mutant virus was also outcompeted by the L90M mutant in the absence of drugs. A major natural polymorphism of the HIV-1 protease, L63P, compensated well for the impairment of fitness caused by L90M but only slightly improved the fitness of D30N. Multiply substituted indinavir-selected mutants M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V and L10R/M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V were just as fit as WT. These results indicate that the mutations which are usually initially selected by nelfinavir and saquinavir, D30N and L90M, respectively, impair fitness. However, additional mutations may improve the replicative capacity of these and other drug-resistant mutants. Hypotheses based on the greater fitness impairment of the nelfinavir-selected D30N mutant are suggested to explain observations that prolonged responses to delayed salvage regimens, including alternate PIs, may be relatively common after nelfinavir failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martinez-Picado
- Infectious Disease Unit and AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Merrill DP, Martinez-Picado J, Tremblay C, Sax PE, Boswell SL, Wong JT, D'Aquila RT, Walker BD, Hirsch MS. Improved CD4 lymphocyte outgrowth in response to effective antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:345-51. [PMID: 9878017 DOI: 10.1086/314591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 lymphocyte regenerative capacity was evaluated by use of an ex vivo outgrowth assay in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected subjects enrolled in a clinical trial (Merck 039). CD4 lymphocytes were selectively expanded in vitro by T cell receptor triggering, which also induces HIV production from latently infected cells. CD4 cell expansion and lack of virus production in cultures correlated well with clinical responses and were best in those receiving an aggressive antiretroviral three-drug regimen. Twelve clinical responders receiving triple-drug therapy monitored for 60 weeks had both excellent ex vivo CD4 cell expansion and lack of HIV replication, often in the absence of added drug in culture. Breakthrough viruses recovered from drug-containing arms of the cultures showed phenotypic resistance to the drugs used in vivo. This CD4 lymphocyte outgrowth assay correlates well with clinical outcome in subjects receiving potent antiretroviral regimens and may predict the emergence of early drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Merrill
- Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Martinez-Picado J, D'Aquila R. HIV-1 drug resistance assays in clinical management. AIDS Clin Care 1998; 10:81-5, 87-8. [PMID: 11365861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Martinez-Picado J, Alsina M, Blanch AR, Cerda M, Jofre J. Species-Specific Detection of Vibrio anguillarum in Marine Aquaculture Environments by Selective Culture and DNA Hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:443-9. [PMID: 16535233 PMCID: PMC1388771 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.2.443-449.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for specific detection of Vibrio anguillarum in complex microbial communities within diverse marine aquaculture environments were evaluated. A system for the detection of culturable cells based on the combined use of a selective medium and a nonradioactively labeled oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to 16S rRNA was developed. Four hundred fourteen bacterial cultures were evaluated in order to assess the specificity of the method. When both the selective medium and the specific probe gave positive results, the cultures were always identified as V. anguillarum. The selectivity for colony hybridization was 1 V. anguillarum cell in 10,000 total bacterial cells in environmental samples. The utility of the method was also compared with detection by dot blot hybridization of either raw DNA purified from environmental samples or PCR-amplified DNA of 16S rRNA genes, using universal eubacterial primers. The post-PCR hybridization was more sensitive (8 x 10(sup2) cells) than direct hybridization of the whole purified DNA (10(sup6) cells). However, the selective medium-probe combined method was as sensitive as post-PCR hybridization, albeit more specific.
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