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Mullish BH, Merrick B, Quraishi MN, Bak A, Green CA, Moore DJ, Porter RJ, Elumogo NT, Segal JP, Sharma N, Marsh B, Kontkowski G, Manzoor SE, Hart AL, Settle C, Keller JJ, Hawkey P, Iqbal TH, Goldenberg SD, Williams HRT. The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection and other potential indications: second edition of joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines. J Hosp Infect 2024:S0195-6701(24)00080-X. [PMID: 38609760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The first British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS)-endorsed faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) guidelines were published in 2018. Over the past 5 years, there has been considerable growth in the evidence base (including publication of outcomes from large national FMT registries), necessitating an updated critical review of the literature and a second edition of the BSG/HIS FMT guidelines. These have been produced in accordance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-accredited methodology, thus have particular relevance for UK-based clinicians, but are intended to be of pertinence internationally. This second edition of the guidelines have been divided into recommendations, good practice points and recommendations against certain practices. With respect to FMT for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), key focus areas centred around timing of administration, increasing clinical experience of encapsulated FMT preparations and optimising donor screening. The latter topic is of particular relevance given the COVID-19 pandemic, and cases of patient morbidity and mortality resulting from FMT-related pathogen transmission. The guidelines also considered emergent literature on the use of FMT in non-CDI settings (including both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal indications), reviewing relevant randomised controlled trials. Recommendations are provided regarding special areas (including compassionate FMT use), and considerations regarding the evolving landscape of FMT and microbiome therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - B Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M N Quraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, London, UK
| | - A Bak
- Healthcare Infection Society, London, UK
| | - C A Green
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D J Moore
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R J Porter
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospitals, Barrack Road, UK
| | - N T Elumogo
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - J P Segal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, London, UK
| | - B Marsh
- Lay Representative for FMT Working Party, Healthcare Infection Society, London, UK
| | - G Kontkowski
- Lay Representative for FMT Working Party, Healthcare Infection Society, London, UK; C.diff support, London, UK
| | - S E Manzoor
- Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - A L Hart
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - C Settle
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, South Shields, UK
| | - J J Keller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Hawkey
- Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T H Iqbal
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, London, UK
| | - S D Goldenberg
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - H R T Williams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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2
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Lamidi S, Coe PO, Bordeianou LG, Hart AL, Hind D, Lindsay JO, Lobo AJ, Myrelid P, Raine T, Sebastian S, Fearnhead NS, Lee MJ, Adams K, Almer S, Ananthakrishnan A, Bethune RM, Block M, Brown SR, Cirocco WC, Cooney R, Davies RJ, Atici SD, Dhar A, Din S, Drobne D, Espin‐Basany E, Evans JP, Fleshner PR, Folkesson J, Fraser A, Graf W, Hahnloser D, Hager J, Hancock L, Hanzel J, Hargest R, Hedin CRH, Hill J, Ihle C, Jongen J, Kader R, Karmiris K, Katsanos KH, Keller DS, Kopylov U, Koutrabakis IE, Lamb CA, Landerholm K, Lee GC, Litta F, Limdi JK, Lopes EW, Madoff RD, Martin ST, Martin‐Perez B, Michalopoulos G, Millan M, Münch A, Nakov R, Noor NM, Oresland T, Paquette IM, Pellino G, Perra T, Porcu A, Roslani AC, Samaan MA, Sebepos‐Rogers GM, Segal JP, de Silva SD, Söderholm AM, Spinelli A, Speight RA, Steinhagen RM, Stenström P, Tsimogiannis KE, Varma MG, Verma AM, Verstockt B, Warden C, Yassin NA, Zawadzki A, Carr P, Devlin B, Avery MSP, Gecse KB, Goren I, Hellström PM, Kotze PG, McWhirter D, Naik AS, Sammour T, Selinger CP, Stein SL, Torres J, Wexner SD, Younge LC. Development of a core descriptor set for Crohn's anal fistula. Colorectal Dis 2022; 25:695-706. [PMID: 36461766 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Crohn's anal fistula (CAF) is a complex condition, with no agreement on which patient characteristics should be routinely reported in studies. The aim of this study was to develop a core descriptor set of key patient characteristics for reporting in all CAF research. METHOD Candidate descriptors were generated from published literature and stakeholder suggestions. Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists and specialist nurses in inflammatory bowel disease took part in three rounds of an international modified Delphi process using nine-point Likert scales to rank the importance of descriptors. Feedback was provided between rounds to allow refinement of the next ratings. Patterns in descriptor voting were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Resulting PCA groups were used to organize items in rounds two and three. Consensus descriptors were submitted to a patient panel for feedback. Items meeting predetermined thresholds were included in the final set and ratified at the consensus meeting. RESULTS One hundred and thirty three respondents from 22 countries completed round one, of whom 67.0% completed round three. Ninety seven descriptors were rated across three rounds in 11 PCA-based groups. Forty descriptors were shortlisted. The consensus meeting ratified a core descriptor set of 37 descriptors within six domains: fistula anatomy, current disease activity and phenotype, risk factors, medical interventions for CAF, surgical interventions for CAF, and patient symptoms and impact on quality of life. CONCLUSION The core descriptor set proposed for all future CAF research reflects characteristics important to gastroenterologists and surgeons. This might aid transparent reporting in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Leo CA, Thomas GP, Hodgkinson JD, Segal JP, Maeda Y, Murphy J, Vaizey CJ. The Renew® anal insert for passive faecal incontinence: a retrospective audit of our use of a novel device. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:684-688. [PMID: 30770633 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Renew® anal insert is a recent treatment for patients who suffer from passive faecal incontinence (FI). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the insert and patients' satisfaction with it. METHOD A retrospective audit of patients who were treated with the Renew® anal insert was undertaken. The St Mark's Incontinence Score was used to evaluate clinical outcome. Renew® size, the number of inserts used per day and per week had also been recorded. Subjective assessment of symptoms, how beneficial Renew® was and how satisfied patients were with the device were all recorded. Major events and side effects were also noted. RESULTS Thirty patients received Renew® as a treatment for passive incontinence in 2016. The median St Mark's Incontinence Score was 15 (range 7-18) at baseline and 10 (range 2-18) at first follow-up (P < 0.0001) at a median of 11 (range 8-14) weeks. Eleven (37%) patients used the regular size and 19 (63%) the large size. Patients used an average of 1.67 inserts per day (range 1-3) on an average of 3.58 days per week (1-7). Three patients reported a deterioration in symptoms, seven (23%) had no change and 20 (67%) showed a significant improvement. Six patients (20%) did not like the device while 24 (80%) liked it. Seventeen patients (57%) wanted to continue this treatment in the long term. CONCLUSION The Renew® device seems to be an acceptable and effective therapeutic option for passive FI. Further work is needed to compare it with other treatments and establish its position in the treatment pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Leo
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G P Thomas
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - J D Hodgkinson
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J P Segal
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Maeda
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - J Murphy
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C J Vaizey
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
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Segal JP, Leo CA, Hodgkinson JD, Cavazzoni E, Bradshaw E, Lung PFC, Ilangovan R, Vaizey CJ, Faiz OD, Hart AL, Clark SK. Acceptability, effectiveness and safety of a Renew ® anal insert in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:73-78. [PMID: 30218632 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restorative proctocolectomy has gained acceptance in the surgical management of medically refractive ulcerative colitis and cancer prevention in familial adenomatous polyposis. Incontinence following restorative proctocolectomy occurs in up to 25% of patients overnight. The Renew® insert is an inert single-use device which acts as an anal plug. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the Renew® insert in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy. The device has yet to be assessed in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy. METHOD This was a prospective study exploring the acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the Renew® insert in improving incontinence in patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy. A total of 15 patients with incontinence were asked to use the Renew® insert for 14 days following their standard care. The Incontinence Questionnaire-Bowels was used pre- and posttreatment to assess response and patients were asked to report the perceived acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the device at the end of the trial. RESULTS The device was acceptable to 8/15 (53%) of patients and was effective in 6/15 (40%). Only 2/15 (13%) of patients raised any safety concerns, and these were minor. The device was associated with a significant reduction in night seepage (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION In a small study, the Renew® insert can be both acceptable and effective and is also associated with few safety concerns. It is also associated with significant reductions in night-time seepage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Segal
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C A Leo
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - J D Hodgkinson
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Cavazzoni
- Department of Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - P F C Lung
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - C J Vaizey
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - O D Faiz
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A L Hart
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S K Clark
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Mullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, Williams HRT, Goldenberg SD. Introduction to the joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) faecal microbiota transplant guidelines. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:130-132. [PMID: 30241676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B H Mullish
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington, London, UK
| | - M N Quraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J P Segal
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | - H R T Williams
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington, London, UK
| | - S D Goldenberg
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Microbiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London UK.
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Worley GHT, Segal JP, Warusavitarne J, Clark SK, Faiz OD. Management of early pouch-related septic complications in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:O181-O189. [PMID: 29768701 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is well established that ileo-anal pouch-related septic complications (PRSC) increase the risk of pouch failure. There are a number of publications that describe the management of early PRSC in ulcerative colitis (UC) in small series. This article aims to systematically review and summarize the relevant current data on this subject and provide an algorithm for the management of early PRSC. METHOD A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies published between 2000 and 2017 describing the clinical management of PRSC in patients with UC within 30 days of primary ileo-anal pouch surgery were included. A qualitative analysis was undertaken due to the heterogeneity and quality of studies included. RESULTS A total of 1157 abstracts and 266 full text articles were screened. Twelve studies were included for analysis involving a total of 207 patients. The studies described a range of techniques including image-guided, endoscopic, surgical and endocavitational vacuum methods. Based on the evidence from these studies, an algorithm was created to guide the management of early PRSC. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that although successful salvage of early PRSC is improving there is little information available relating to methods of salvage and outcomes. Novel techniques may offer an increased chance of salvage but comparative studies with longer follow-up are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H T Worley
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J P Segal
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Warusavitarne
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S K Clark
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O D Faiz
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Segal JP, Oke S, Hold GL, Clark SK, Faiz OD, Hart AL. Systematic review: ileoanal pouch microbiota in health and disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:466-477. [PMID: 29205422 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resident gut microbiota is essential for physiological processes; the disturbance of its balance is linked to intestinal inflammation. The ileoanal pouch is a model for the study of intestinal inflammation, as inflammation of the pouch is common and mostly develops within 12 months following ileostomy closure. This allows the longitudinal study of the microbiota, giving insight into the microbiota changes during transition from a normal to an inflamed pouch. AIM To explore the literature on the microbiota of the ileoanal pouch in health and disease. METHODS A systematic computer search of the on-line bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed between 1966 and February 2017. Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and observational studies were included. Studies were included if they reported microbiota analysis on faecal samples or tissue from the ileoanal pouch. RESULTS Twenty-six papers were eligible. Following ileostomy closure, anaerobic bacteria are the abundant species in the ileoanal pouch with presence of a diverse microbiota key to maintaining a healthy ileoanal pouch. Acute pouchitis is associated with an increase in Clostridia species, while chronic pouchitis is associated with an increase in Staphylococcus aureus. In the treatment of pouchitis, a decrease in Clostridia species appears to be associated with treatment response. CONCLUSION The microbiota plays an important role in both the inflamed and the healthy ileoanal pouch. A direct causal relationship between individual microbiota changes and inflammation has not yet been established, but manipulation of the ileoanal pouch microbiota may be a novel therapeutic avenue to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Segal
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S Oke
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - G L Hold
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S K Clark
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - O D Faiz
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A L Hart
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Segal JP, Ding NS, Worley G, Mclaughlin S, Preston S, Faiz OD, Clark SK, Hart AL. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the management of chronic refractory pouchitis with an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:581-592. [PMID: 28008631 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is considered the procedure of choice in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to medical therapy. The incidence of pouchitis is 40% at 5 years. Ten to 15% of patients with pouchitis experience chronic pouchitis. AIM To determine the efficacy of medical therapies for the treatment of chronic refractory pouchitis in patients undergoing IPAA for UC. METHODS A systematic computer-assisted search of the on-line bibliographic database MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed between 1966 and February 2016. All original studies reporting remission rates following medical treatment for chronic pouchitis were included. All study designs were considered. Remission was defined according to the individual study. Remission endpoints ranged from 15 days to 10 weeks. Chronic pouchitis was defined by each study. RESULTS Twenty-one papers were considered eligible. Results from all studies combined suggested that overall remission was obtained in 59% of patients (95% CI: 44-73%). Antibiotics significantly induced remission in patients with chronic pouchitis with 74% remission rate (95% CI:56-93%), (P < 0.001). Biologics significantly induced remission in patients with chronic pouchitis with 53% remission rate (95% CI:30-76%), (P < 0.001). Steroids, bismuth, elemental diet and tacrolimus all can induce remission but failed to achieve significance. Faecal microbiota transplantation in a single study was not found to achieve remission. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of chronic refractory pouchitis remains difficult and is largely empirical. Larger randomised controlled trials will help aid the management of chronic pouchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Segal
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - N S Ding
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - G Worley
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - O D Faiz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S K Clark
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A L Hart
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Olson WC, Rabut GE, Nagashima KA, Tran DN, Anselma DJ, Monard SP, Segal JP, Thompson DA, Kajumo F, Guo Y, Moore JP, Maddon PJ, Dragic T. Differential inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion, gp120 binding, and CC-chemokine activity by monoclonal antibodies to CCR5. J Virol 1999; 73:4145-55. [PMID: 10196311 PMCID: PMC104194 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.5.4145-4155.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 mediates fusion and entry of the most commonly transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. We have isolated six new anti-CCR5 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated PA8, PA9, PA10, PA11, PA12, and PA14. A panel of CCR5 alanine point mutants was used to map the epitopes of these MAbs and the previously described MAb 2D7 to specific amino acid residues in the N terminus and/or second extracellular loop regions of CCR5. This structural information was correlated with the MAbs' abilities to inhibit (i) HIV-1 entry, (ii) HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion, (iii) gp120 binding to CCR5, and (iv) CC-chemokine activity. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between the ability of a MAb to inhibit HIV-1 fusion-entry and its ability to inhibit either the binding of a gp120-soluble CD4 complex to CCR5 or CC-chemokine activity. MAbs PA9 to PA12, whose epitopes include residues in the CCR5 N terminus, strongly inhibited gp120 binding but only moderately inhibited HIV-1 fusion and entry and had no effect on RANTES-induced calcium mobilization. MAbs PA14 and 2D7, the most potent inhibitors of HIV-1 entry and fusion, were less effective at inhibiting gp120 binding and were variably potent at inhibiting RANTES-induced signaling. With respect to inhibiting HIV-1 entry and fusion, PA12 but not PA14 was potently synergistic when used in combination with 2D7, RANTES, and CD4-immunoglobulin G2, which inhibits HIV-1 attachment. The data support a model wherein HIV-1 entry occurs in three stages: receptor (CD4) binding, coreceptor (CCR5) binding, and coreceptor-mediated membrane fusion. The antibodies described will be useful for further dissecting these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Olson
- Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
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Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Moss P, Nowak MA, Monard S, Segal JP, Cao Y, Rowland-Jones SL, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Ho DD, McMichael AJ, Nixon DF. Decay kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes after combination antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 1999; 73:797-800. [PMID: 9847391 PMCID: PMC103892 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.1.797-800.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after potent antiretroviral therapy. Using HLA/peptide tetrameric complexes, we show that after starting treatment, there are early rapid fluctuations in the HIV-1-specific CTL response which last 1 to 2 weeks. These fluctuations are followed by an exponential decay (median half-life, 45 days) of HIV-1-specific CTL which continues while viremia remains undetectable. These data have implications for the immunological control of drug-resistant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ogg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Dunbar PR, Nowak MA, Monard S, Segal JP, Cao Y, Rowland-Jones SL, Cerundolo V, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Ho DD, Nixon DF, McMichael AJ. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA. Science 1998; 279:2103-6. [PMID: 9516110 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5359.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1126] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to be involved in the control of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it has not been possible to demonstrate a direct relation between CTL activity and plasma RNA viral load. Human leukocyte antigen-peptide tetrameric complexes offer a specific means to directly quantitate circulating CTLs ex vivo. With the use of the tetrameric complexes, a significant inverse correlation was observed between HIV-specific CTL frequency and plasma RNA viral load. In contrast, no significant association was detected between the clearance rate of productively infected cells and frequency of HIV-specific CTLs. These data are consistent with a significant role for HIV-specific CTLs in the control of HIV infection and suggest a considerable cytopathic effect of the virus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ogg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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Stapleton JF, Segal JP, Harvey WP. Clinical pathways of cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 1974; 35:suppl II:168-78. [PMID: 4276498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bing RJ, Bender SR, Dunn MI, Fry GA, Fuller WM, Liu SC, Miller HS, Moses JW, Ritzmann LW, Segal JP, Shugoll GI, Tillmanns H, Wallace A. Antianginal effects of chromonar. A combined investigation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974; 16:4-13. [PMID: 4210514 DOI: 10.1002/cpt1974161part14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Stapleton JF, Harvey WP, Segal JP. Cardiomyopathy. Am Fam Physician 1973; 8:84-94. [PMID: 4729717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Segal JP. Arrhythmia-rate index (ERT): a simple bedside technique. Am J Cardiol 1972; 29:892. [PMID: 5033733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rousseau J, Segal JP. [Clinical trial of a radioprotective medicine: geranyl-hydroquinone in radiotherapeutic treatments]. Sem Ther 1967; 43:470-6. [PMID: 5623999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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