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Rebelo LPN, Visak ZP, de Sousa HC, Szydlowski J, Gomes de Azevedo R, Ramos AM, Najdanovic-Visak V, Nunes da Ponte M, Klein J. Double Critical Phenomena in (Water + Polyacrylamides) Solutions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. P. N. Rebelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Z. P. Visak
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H. C. de Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Szydlowski
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R. Gomes de Azevedo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. M. Ramos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V. Najdanovic-Visak
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Nunes da Ponte
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Klein
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB 2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Química e CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal; and Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Vashishtha SC, Allen TM, Halleran S, Szydlowski J, Santos CL, De Clercq E, Balzarani J, Dimmock JR. Cytotoxic and anticancer properties of some 4-aryl-3-arylcarbonyl-1-ethyl-4-piperidinols and related compounds. Pharmazie 2001; 56:390-3. [PMID: 11400554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A previous investigation revealed that various 4-aryl-3-arylcarbonyl-1-ethyl-4-piperidinols and related vinylogs were cytotoxic to both murine and human tumour cell lines. In particular, 1a and 2a were identified as useful prototypic molecules. Structural modifications of 1a and 2a were accomplished leading to 1b-e and 2b-d which displayed cytotoxicity towards murine P388 and L1210 leukemic cells as well as human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes. Among the new compounds, the greatest average potencies against these four cell lines were displayed by 1b and 2b, having approximately one quarter and one half of the potency of the reference drug melphalan, respectively. The synthesis and bioevaluation of three open chain analogues of 1b-d, namely 3a-c, did not reveal unequivocally whether this molecular modification led to increases in cytotoxicity or not. Compounds 2a-d were substantially more active than melphalan using a panel of human tumour cell lines. In addition, several compounds displayed selective toxicity to both colon and leukemic cancer cells. The 4-piperidinol 2d was active in the in vivo hollow fibre assay. This study revealed compounds with greater potency than 1a and 2a and it has confirmed that 1,3,4-trisubstituted-4-piperidinols and related compounds are novel groups of candidate antineoplastic and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Vashishtha
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
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Dimmock JR, Kumar P, Nazarali AJ, Motaganahalli NL, Kowalchuk TP, Beazely MA, Wilson Quail J, Oloo EO, Allen TM, Szydlowski J, DeClercq E, Balzarini J. Cytotoxic 2,6-bis(arylidene)cyclohexanones and related compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:967-77. [PMID: 11137225 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)01173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of 2-arylidenecyclohexanones 1, 2, 6-bis(arylidene)cyclohexanones 2 and related Mannich bases 3-5 were prepared. Various torsion angles as well as atomic charges on olefinic carbon atoms were determined by molecular modelling on all compounds. These molecules showed cytotoxicity towards murine P388 and L1210 cells as well as to human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes. The average cytotoxicity of the dienones 2 was more than three times greater than was found with the monoarylidene analogues 1, and, in general, were slightly more cytotoxic than the Mannich bases 3-5. A number of the compounds displayed potency towards a panel of human tumour cell lines and most of the representative compounds in series 2-5 were selectively toxic to colon cancers and leukaemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dimmock
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Dimmock JR, Kandepu NM, Nazarali AJ, Kowalchuk TP, Motaganahalli N, Quail JW, Mykytiuk PA, Audette GF, Prasad L, Perjési P, Allen TM, Santos CL, Szydlowski J, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Conformational and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of cytotoxic 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1358-66. [PMID: 10212121 DOI: 10.1021/jm9806695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-arylideneindanones 1, 2-arylidenetetralones 2, and 2-arylidenebenzosuberones 3 were synthesized with the aim of determining the relative orientations of the two aryl rings which favored cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling of the unsubstituted compound in each series revealed differences in the spatial arrangements of the two aryl rings, and evaluation of these compounds against P388, L1210, Molt 4/C8, and CEM cells as well as a panel of human tumor cell lines indicated that in general the order of cytotoxicity was 3 > 2 > 1. In particular 2-(4-methoxyphenylmethylene)-1-benzosuberone (3k) had the greatest cytotoxicity, possessing 11 times the potency of the reference drug melphalan when all five screens were considered. Series 3 was considered in further detail. First, excision of the aryl ring fused to the cycloheptanone moiety in series 3 led to some 2-arylidene-1-cycloheptanones 4 which had approximately one-third of the bioactivity of the analogues 3. Second, in some screens cytotoxicity was correlated negatively with the sigma values and positively with the MR constants of the substituents in the arylidene aryl ring of 3. Third, X-ray crystallography of five representative compounds (3i,k-n) revealed differences in the locations of the aryl rings which may have contributed to the variations in cytotoxicity. Finally three members of series 3 inhibited RNA and protein syntheses and induced apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells. This study has revealed that 2-arylidene-1-benzosuberones are a group of useful cytotoxic agents, and in particular 3k serves as a prototypic molecule for subsequent structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dimmock
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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Dimmock JR, Kandepu NM, Hetherington M, Quail JW, Pugazhenthi U, Sudom AM, Chamankhah M, Rose P, Pass E, Allen TM, Halleran S, Szydlowski J, Mutus B, Tannous M, Manavathu EK, Myers TG, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Cytotoxic activities of Mannich bases of chalcones and related compounds. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1014-26. [PMID: 9544201 DOI: 10.1021/jm970432t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various Mannich bases of chalcones and related compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity toward murine P388 and L1210 leukemia cells as well as a number of human tumor cell lines. The most promising lead molecule was 21 that had the highest activity toward L1210 and human tumor cells. In addition, 21 exerted preferential toxicity to human tumor lines compared to transformed human T-lymphocytes. Other compounds of interest were 38, with a huge differential in cytotoxicity between P388 and L1210 cells, and 42, with a high therapeutic index when cytotoxicity to P388 cells and Molt 4/C8 T-lymphocytes were compared. In general, the Mannich bases were more cytotoxic than the corresponding chalcones toward L1210 but not P388 cells. A ClusCor analysis of the data obtained from the in vitro human tumor screen revealed that the mode of action of certain groups of compounds was similar. For some groups of compounds, cytotoxicity was correlated with the sigma, pi, or molar refractivity constants in the aryl ring attached to the olefinic group. In addition, the IC50 values in all three screens correlated with the redox potentials of a number of Mannich bases. X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling of representative compounds revealed various structural features which were considered to contribute to cytotoxicity. While a representative compound 15 was stable and unreactive toward glutathione (GSH) in buffer, the Mannich bases 15, 18, and 21 reacted with GSH in the presence of the pi isozyme of glutathione S-transferase, suggesting that thiol alkylation may be one mechanism by which cytotoxicity was exerted in vitro. Representative compounds were shown to be nonmutagenic in an intrachromosomal recombination assay in yeast, devoid of antimicrobial properties and possessing anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties. Thus Mannich bases of chalcones represent a new group of cytotoxic agents of which 21 in particular serves as an useful prototypic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dimmock
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Temkin-Greener H, Meiners MR, Petty E, Szydlowski J. Spending-down to Medicaid in the nursing home and in the community. A longitudinal study from Monroe County, New York. Med Care 1993; 31:663-79. [PMID: 8336507 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199308000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicaid spend-down continues to be of considerable interest in public policy discussions regarding long-term care financing reforms. Yet, "measuring" of spend-down has been difficult because of data limitations. This study focuses on patterns of spend-down affecting those who become Medicaid eligible both in nursing homes and in the community. The study uses a longitudinal, person-specific, merged Medicare and Medicaid claims and eligibility file constructed for Monroe County, New York. The analyses show that 27% of those who enter nursing homes as private pay can be expected to spend-down to Medicaid while in a nursing home. The spend-downers remain in nursing homes for a prolonged time, with 63% staying for more than 3 years. On admission, spend-downers appear somewhat more likely than those who remained private pay or Medicaid throughout to have been less disabled in terms of activities of daily living (ADL). The community-based spend-down group is larger, younger, and more heavily represented by those who are poor or marginally poor, than the nursing home-based spend-down population. Their spend-down to Medicaid appears to have been triggered principally by the cost of acute medical care not covered by Medicare or another third-party payer. It is this population of the elderly that would have been the principal beneficiary of the short-lived 1989 Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act. The results of this study indicate that neither the existing private long-term care insurance policies nor the currently circulating public coverage proposals alone are sufficient to protect older persons, at risk of spend-down to Medicaid, from impoverishment. Effective long-term care financing reform will need to create partnerships between public and private insurance, rather than look at them as competing options.
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