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Lynn W, Xu T, Andonian G, Doran DS, Ha G, Majernik N, Piot P, Power J, Rosenzweig JB, Whiteford C, Wisniewski E. Observation of Skewed Electromagnetic Wakefields in an Asymmetric Structure Driven by Flat Electron Bunches. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:165001. [PMID: 38701460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic charged-particle beams that generate intense longitudinal fields in accelerating structures also inherently couple to transverse modes. The effects of this coupling may lead to beam breakup instability and thus must be countered to preserve beam quality in applications such as linear colliders. Beams with highly asymmetric transverse sizes (flat beams) have been shown to suppress the initial instability in slab-symmetric structures. However, as the coupling to transverse modes remains, this solution serves only to delay instability. In order to understand the hazards of transverse coupling in such a case, we describe here an experiment characterizing the transverse effects on a flat beam, traversing near a planar dielectric lined structure. The measurements reveal the emergence of a previously unobserved skew-quadrupolelike interaction when the beam is canted transversely, which is not present when the flat beam travels parallel to the dielectric surface. We deploy a multipole field fitting algorithm to reconstruct the projected transverse wakefields from the data. We generate the effective kick vector map using a simple two-particle theoretical model, with particle-in-cell simulations used to provide further insight for realistic particle distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lynn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T Xu
- Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D S Doran
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Ha
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - N Majernik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Piot
- Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Whiteford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Wisniewski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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2
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Habib AF, Manahan GG, Scherkl P, Heinemann T, Sutherland A, Altuiri R, Alotaibi BM, Litos M, Cary J, Raubenheimer T, Hemsing E, Hogan MJ, Rosenzweig JB, Williams PH, McNeil BWJ, Hidding B. Attosecond-Angstrom free-electron-laser towards the cold beam limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1054. [PMID: 36828817 PMCID: PMC9958197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron beam quality is paramount for X-ray pulse production in free-electron-lasers (FELs). State-of-the-art linear accelerators (linacs) can deliver multi-GeV electron beams with sufficient quality for hard X-ray-FELs, albeit requiring km-scale setups, whereas plasma-based accelerators can produce multi-GeV electron beams on metre-scale distances, and begin to reach beam qualities sufficient for EUV FELs. Here we show, that electron beams from plasma photocathodes many orders of magnitude brighter than state-of-the-art can be generated in plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFAs), and then extracted, captured, transported and injected into undulators without significant quality loss. These ultrabright, sub-femtosecond electron beams can drive hard X-FELs near the cold beam limit to generate coherent X-ray pulses of attosecond-Angstrom class, reaching saturation after only 10 metres of undulator. This plasma-X-FEL opens pathways for advanced photon science capabilities, such as unperturbed observation of electronic motion inside atoms at their natural time and length scale, and towards higher photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Habib
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - G. G. Manahan
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - R. Altuiri
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - B. M. Alotaibi
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Litos
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Cary
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.448325.c0000 0004 0556 1325Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, USA
| | - T. Raubenheimer
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - E. Hemsing
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - P. H. Williams
- grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.482271.a0000 0001 0727 2226ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK
| | - B. W. J. McNeil
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Roussel R, Andonian G, Lynn W, Sanwalka K, Robles R, Hansel C, Deng A, Lawler G, Rosenzweig JB, Ha G, Seok J, Power JG, Conde M, Wisniewski E, Doran DS, Whiteford CE. Single Shot Characterization of High Transformer Ratio Wakefields in Nonlinear Plasma Acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:044802. [PMID: 32058730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.044802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma wakefields can enable very high accelerating gradients for frontier high energy particle accelerators, in excess of 10 GeV/m. To overcome limits on single stage acceleration, specially shaped drive beams can be used in both linear and nonlinear plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA), to increase the transformer ratio, implying that the drive beam deceleration is minimized relative to acceleration obtained in the wake. In this Letter, we report the results of a nonlinear PWFA, high transformer ratio experiment using high-charge, longitudinally asymmetric drive beams in a plasma cell. An emittance exchange process is used to generate variable drive current profiles, in conjunction with a long (multiple plasma wavelength) witness beam. The witness beam is energy modulated by the wakefield, yielding a response that contains detailed spectral information in a single-shot measurement. Using these methods, we generate a variety of beam profiles and characterize the wakefields, directly observing transformer ratios up to R=7.8. Furthermore, a spectrally based reconstruction technique, validated by 3D particle-in-cell simulations, is introduced to obtain the drive beam current profile from the decelerating wake data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roussel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lynn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Sanwalka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R Robles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Hansel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Deng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Lawler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Ha
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Seok
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J G Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Conde
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Wisniewski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D S Doran
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C E Whiteford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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4
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O'Shea BD, Andonian G, Barber SK, Clarke CI, Hoang PD, Hogan MJ, Naranjo B, Williams OB, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Conductivity Induced by High-Field Terahertz Waves in Dielectric Material. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:134801. [PMID: 31697514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An intense, subpicosecond, relativistic electron beam traversing a dielectric-lined waveguide generates very large amplitude electric fields at terahertz (THz) frequencies through the wakefield mechanism. In recent work employing this technique to accelerate charged particles, the generation of high-power, narrow-band THz radiation was demonstrated. The radiated waves contain fields with measured amplitude exceeding 2 GV/m, orders of magnitude greater than those available by other THz generation techniques at a narrow bandwidth. For fields approaching the GV/m level, a strong damping has been observed in SiO_{2}. This wave attenuation with an onset near 850 MV/m is consistent with changes to the conductivity of the dielectric lining and is characterized by a distinctive latching mechanism that is reversible on longer timescales. We describe the detailed measurements that serve to clarify the underlying physical mechanisms leading to strong field-induced damping of THz radiation (hω=1.59 meV, f=0.38 THz) in SiO_{2}, a bulk, wide band-gap (8.9 eV) dielectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D O'Shea
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Andonian
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S K Barber
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P D Hoang
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O B Williams
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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5
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Manahan GG, Habib AF, Scherkl P, Ullmann D, Beaton A, Sutherland A, Kirwan G, Delinikolas P, Heinemann T, Altuijri R, Knetsch A, Karger O, Cook NM, Bruhwiler DL, Sheng ZM, Rosenzweig JB, Hidding B. Advanced schemes for underdense plasma photocathode wakefield accelerators: pathways towards ultrahigh brightness electron beams. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20180182. [PMID: 31230572 PMCID: PMC6602916 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 'Trojan Horse' underdense plasma photocathode scheme applied to electron beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has opened up a path which promises high controllability and tunability and to reach extremely good quality as regards emittance and five-dimensional beam brightness. This combination has the potential to improve the state-of-the-art in accelerator technology significantly. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the Trojan Horse scheme and present advanced methods for tailoring both the injector laser pulses and the witness electron bunches and combine them with the Trojan Horse scheme. These new approaches will further enhance the beam qualities, such as transverse emittance and longitudinal energy spread, and may allow, for the first time, to produce ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness electron bunches, which is a necessary requirement for driving advanced radiation sources. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Manahan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. F. Habib
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - D. Ullmann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Beaton
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - G. Kirwan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Delinikolas
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - T. Heinemann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Altuijri
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Physics Department, Princess Nora Bint Abd Ulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Karger
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Z.-M. Sheng
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
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6
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Hidding B, Foster B, Hogan MJ, Muggli P, Rosenzweig JB. Directions in plasma wakefield acceleration. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20190215. [PMID: 31230575 PMCID: PMC6602912 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This introductory article is a synopsis of the status and prospects of particle-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA). Conceptual and experimental breakthroughs obtained over the last years have initiated a rapid growth of the research field, and increased maturity of underlying technology allows an increasing number of research groups to engage in experimental R&D. We briefly describe the fundamental mechanisms of PWFA, from which its chief attractions arise. Most importantly, this is the capability of extremely rapid acceleration of electrons and positrons at gradients many orders of magnitude larger than in conventional accelerators. This allows the size of accelerator units to be shrunk from the kilometre to metre scale, and possibly the quality of accelerated electron beam output to be improved by orders of magnitude. In turn, such compact and high-quality accelerators are potentially transformative for applications across natural, material and life sciences. This overview provides contextual background for the manuscripts of this issue, resulting from a Theo Murphy meeting held in the summer of 2018. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - B. Foster
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- John Adams Institute and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - P. Muggli
- Max Planck Institut für Physik, München, Germany
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Gadjev I, Sudar N, Babzien M, Duris J, Hoang P, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Malone R, Musumeci P, Palmer M, Pogorelsky I, Polyanskiy M, Sakai Y, Swinson C, Williams O, Rosenzweig JB. An inverse free electron laser acceleration-driven Compton scattering X-ray source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:532. [PMID: 30679471 PMCID: PMC6345986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of X-rays and γ-rays based on synchrotron radiation from free electrons, emitted in magnet arrays such as undulators, forms the basis of much of modern X-ray science. This approach has the drawback of requiring very high energy, up to the multi-GeV-scale, electron beams, to obtain the required photon energy. Due to the limit in accelerating gradients in conventional particle accelerators, reaching high energy typically demands use of instruments exceeding 100’s of meters in length. Compact, less costly, monochromatic X-ray sources based on very high field acceleration and very short period undulators, however, may enable diverse, paradigm-changing X-ray applications ranging from novel X-ray therapy techniques to active interrogation of sensitive materials, by making them accessible in energy reach, cost and size. Such compactness and enhanced energy reach may be obtained by an all-optical approach, which employs a laser-driven high gradient accelerator based on inverse free electron laser (IFEL), followed by a collision point for inverse Compton scattering (ICS), a scheme where a laser is used to provide undulator fields. We present an experimental proof-of-principle of this approach, where a TW-class CO2 laser pulse is split in two, with half used to accelerate a high quality electron beam up to 84 MeV through the IFEL interaction, and the other half acts as an electromagnetic undulator to generate up to 13 keV X-rays via ICS. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme, which can be joined with other techniques such as laser recirculation to yield very compact photon sources, with both high peak and average brilliance, and with energies extending from the keV to MeV scale. Further, use of the IFEL acceleration with the ICS interaction produces a train of high intensity X-ray pulses, thus enabling a unique tool synchronized with a laser pulse for ultra-fast strobe, pump-probe experimental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gadjev
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - N Sudar
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - J Duris
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - P Hoang
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - R Malone
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Palmer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - O Williams
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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8
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Hoang PD, Andonian G, Gadjev I, Naranjo B, Sakai Y, Sudar N, Williams O, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Zhang P, Rosenzweig JB. Experimental Characterization of Electron-Beam-Driven Wakefield Modes in a Dielectric-Woodpile Cartesian Symmetric Structure. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:164801. [PMID: 29756951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photonic structures operating in the terahertz (THz) spectral region enable the essential characteristics of confinement, modal control, and electric field shielding for very high gradient accelerators based on wakefields in dielectrics. We report here an experimental investigation of THz wakefield modes in a three-dimensional photonic woodpile structure. Selective control in exciting or suppressing of wakefield modes with a nonzero transverse wave vector is demonstrated by using drive beams of varying transverse ellipticity. Additionally, we show that the wakefield spectrum is insensitive to the offset position of strongly elliptical beams. These results are consistent with analytic theory and three-dimensional simulations and illustrate a key advantage of wakefield systems with Cartesian symmetry: the suppression of transverse wakes by elliptical beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - N Sudar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Zhang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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9
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Pompili R, Anania MP, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Ferrario M, Lollo V, Notargiacomo A, Picardi L, Ronsivalle C, Rosenzweig JB, Shpakov V, Vannozzi A. Compact and tunable focusing device for plasma wakefield acceleration. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:033302. [PMID: 29604793 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma wakefield acceleration, either driven by ultra-short laser pulses or electron bunches, represents one of the most promising techniques able to overcome the limits of conventional RF technology and allows the development of compact accelerators. In the particle beam-driven scenario, ultra-short bunches with tiny spot sizes are required to enhance the accelerating gradient and preserve the emittance and energy spread of the accelerated bunch. To achieve such tight transverse beam sizes, a focusing system with short focal length is mandatory. Here we discuss the development of a compact and tunable system consisting of three small-bore permanent-magnet quadrupoles with 520 T/m field gradient. The device has been designed in view of the plasma acceleration experiments planned at the SPARC_LAB test-facility. Being the field gradient fixed, the focusing is adjusted by tuning the relative position of the three magnets with nanometer resolution. Details about its magnetic design, beam-dynamics simulations, and preliminary results are examined in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pompili
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M P Anania
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Chiadroni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Cianchi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Ferrario
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Lollo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Notargiacomo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology-CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - L Picardi
- ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ronsivalle
- ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Shpakov
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Vannozzi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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10
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Hidding B, Karger O, Königstein T, Pretzler G, Manahan GG, McKenna P, Gray R, Wilson R, Wiggins SM, Welsh GH, Beaton A, Delinikolas P, Jaroszynski DA, Rosenzweig JB, Karmakar A, Ferlet-Cavrois V, Costantino A, Muschitiello M, Daly E. Laser-plasma-based Space Radiation Reproduction in the Laboratory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42354. [PMID: 28176862 PMCID: PMC5296722 DOI: 10.1038/srep42354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation is a great danger to electronics and astronauts onboard space vessels. The spectral flux of space electrons, protons and ions for example in the radiation belts is inherently broadband, but this is a feature hard to mimic with conventional radiation sources. Using laser-plasma-accelerators, we reproduced relativistic, broadband radiation belt flux in the laboratory, and used this man-made space radiation to test the radiation hardness of space electronics. Such close mimicking of space radiation in the lab builds on the inherent ability of laser-plasma-accelerators to directly produce broadband Maxwellian-type particle flux, akin to conditions in space. In combination with the established sources, utilisation of the growing number of ever more potent laser-plasma-accelerator facilities worldwide as complementary space radiation sources can help alleviate the shortage of available beamtime and may allow for development of advanced test procedures, paving the way towards higher reliability of space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Karger
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Königstein
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Pretzler
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G G Manahan
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Wilson
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - S M Wiggins
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - G H Welsh
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Beaton
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Delinikolas
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - A Karmakar
- Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Boltzmannstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - E Daly
- European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
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11
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Andonian G, Barber S, O'Shea FH, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Rosenzweig JB. Generation of Ramped Current Profiles in Relativistic Electron Beams Using Wakefields in Dielectric Structures. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:054802. [PMID: 28211719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal pulse tailoring of charged-particle beams is essential to optimize efficiency in collinear wakefield acceleration schemes. In this Letter, we demonstrate a novel phase space manipulation method that employs a beam wakefield interaction in a dielectric structure, followed by bunch compression in a permanent magnet chicane, to longitudinally tailor the pulse shape of an electron beam. This compact, passive, approach was used to generate a nearly linearly ramped current profile in a relativistic electron beam experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility. Here, we report on these experimental results including beam and wakefield diagnostics and pulse profile reconstruction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F H O'Shea
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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12
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Andonian G, Williams O, Barber S, Bruhwiler D, Favier P, Fedurin M, Fitzmorris K, Fukasawa A, Hoang P, Kusche K, Naranjo B, O'Shea B, Stoltz P, Swinson C, Valloni A, Rosenzweig JB. Planar-dielectric-wakefield accelerator structure using Bragg-reflector boundaries. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:264801. [PMID: 25615344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental measurements of narrow-band, single-mode excitation, and drive beam energy modulation, in a dielectric wakefield accelerating structure with planar geometry and Bragg-reflector boundaries. A short, relativistic electron beam (∼1 ps) with moderate charge (∼100 pC) is used to drive the wakefields in the structure. The fundamental mode of the structure is reinforced by constructive interference in the alternating dielectric layers at the boundary, and is characterized by the spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation signal. Data analysis shows a narrow-band peak at 210 GHz corresponding to the fundamental mode of the structure. Simulations in both 2D and 3D provide insight into the propagating fields and reproduction of the electron beams dynamics observables and emitted radiation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Bruhwiler
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado 80304, USA
| | - P Favier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Fitzmorris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Fukasawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B O'Shea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Stoltz
- Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Valloni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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13
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Duris J, Musumeci P, Babzien M, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Li RK, Moody J, Pogorelsky I, Polyanskiy M, Rosenzweig JB, Sakai Y, Swinson C, Threlkeld E, Williams O, Yakimenko V. High-quality electron beams from a helical inverse free-electron laser accelerator. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4928. [PMID: 25222026 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact, table-top sized accelerators are key to improving access to high-quality beams for use in industry, medicine and academic research. Among laser-based accelerating schemes, the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) enjoys unique advantages. By using an undulator magnetic field in combination with a laser, GeV m(-1) gradients may be sustained over metre-scale distances using laser intensities several orders of magnitude less than those used in laser wake-field accelerators. Here we show for the first time the capture and high-gradient acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from a helical IFEL. Using a modest intensity (~10(13) W cm(-2)) laser pulse and strongly tapered 0.5 m long undulator, we demonstrate >100 MV m(-1) accelerating gradient, >50 MeV energy gain and excellent output beam quality. Our results pave the way towards compact, tunable GeV IFEL accelerators for applications such as driving soft X-ray free-electron lasers and producing γ-rays by inverse Compton scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R K Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Moody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E Threlkeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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Marinelli A, Hemsing E, Dunning M, Xiang D, Weathersby S, O'Shea F, Gadjev I, Hast C, Rosenzweig JB. Generation of coherent broadband photon pulses with a cascaded longitudinal space-charge amplifier. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:264802. [PMID: 23848882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal space-charge amplifier has been recently proposed by Schneidmiller and Yurkov as an alternative to the free-electron laser instability for the generation of intense broadband radiation pulses [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 110701 (2010)]. In this Letter, we report on the experimental demonstration of a cascaded longitudinal space-charge amplifier at optical wavelengths. Although seeded by electron beam shot noise, the strong compression of the electron beam along the three amplification stages leads to emission of coherent undulator radiation pulses exhibiting a single spectral spike and a single transverse mode. The on-axis gain is estimated to exceed 4 orders of magnitude with respect to spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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15
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Marinelli A, Dunning M, Weathersby S, Hemsing E, Xiang D, Andonian G, O'Shea F, Miao J, Hast C, Rosenzweig JB. Single-shot coherent diffraction imaging of microbunched relativistic electron beams for free-electron laser applications. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:094802. [PMID: 23496718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of coherent x rays provided by the x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), strong interest has been kindled in sophisticated diffraction imaging techniques. In this Letter, we exploit such techniques for the diagnosis of the density distribution of the intense electron beams typically utilized in an x-ray FEL itself. We have implemented this method by analyzing the far-field coherent transition radiation emitted by an inverse-FEL microbunched electron beam. This analysis utilizes an oversampling phase retrieval method on the transition radiation angular spectrum to reconstruct the transverse spatial distribution of the electron beam. This application of diffraction imaging represents a significant advance in electron beam physics, having critical applications to the diagnosis of high-brightness beams, as well as the collective microbunching instabilities afflicting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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16
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Marinelli A, Hemsing E, Rosenzweig JB. Using the relativistic two-stream instability for the generation of soft-x-ray attosecond radiation pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:064804. [PMID: 23432258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.064804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we discuss a novel method for generating ultrashort radiation pulses using a broadband two-stream instability in an intense relativistic electron beam. This method relies on an electron beam having two distinct two-energy bands. The use of this new high brightness electron beam scenario, in combination with ultrashort soft x-ray pulses from high harmonic generation in gas, allows the production of high power attosecond pulses for ultrafast pump and probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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17
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Hidding B, Rosenzweig JB, Xi Y, O'Shea B, Andonian G, Schiller D, Barber S, Williams O, Pretzler G, Königstein T, Kleeschulte F, Hogan MJ, Litos M, Corde S, White WW, Muggli P, Bruhwiler DL, Lotov K. Beyond injection: Trojan horse underdense photocathode plasma wakefield acceleration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Naranjo B, Valloni A, Putterman S, Rosenzweig JB. Stable charged-particle acceleration and focusing in a laser accelerator using spatial harmonics. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:164803. [PMID: 23215086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.164803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the laser-driven acceleration of charged particles in photonic systems, a central unmet challenge is the achievement of simultaneous transverse and longitudinal stability at nonultrarelativistic energies. At such energies, Earnshaw's theorem [S. Earnshaw, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 7, 97 (1842)] indicates that a synchronous accelerating wave gives a defocusing effect. We present a scheme in which particles are accelerated by interaction with a resonant spatial harmonic and are focused by strong ponderomotive interaction with nonresonant spatial harmonics. We show that this scheme exhibits net transverse focusing and longitudinal stability, and we discuss its use in a compact laser accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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19
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Andonian G, Stratakis D, Babzien M, Barber S, Fedurin M, Hemsing E, Kusche K, Muggli P, O'Shea B, Wei X, Williams O, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Dielectric wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a slab-symmetric dielectric lined waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:244801. [PMID: 23004279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.244801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report first evidence of wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a dielectric-lined slab-symmetric structure. The high energy tail of a ∼60 MeV electron beam was accelerated by ∼150 keV in a 2 cm-long, slab-symmetric SiO2 waveguide, with the acceleration or deceleration clearly visible due to the use of a beam with a bifurcated longitudinal distribution that serves to approximate a driver-witness beam pair. This split-bunch distribution is verified by longitudinal reconstruction analysis of the emitted coherent transition radiation. The dielectric waveguide structure is further characterized by spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation at THz frequencies, from a single electron bunch, and from a relativistic bunch train with spacing selectively tuned to the second longitudinal mode (TM02). Start-to-end simulation results reproduce aspects of the electron beam bifurcation dynamics, emitted THz radiation properties, and the observation of acceleration in the dielectric-lined, slab-symmetric waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Hidding B, Pretzler G, Rosenzweig JB, Königstein T, Schiller D, Bruhwiler DL. Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:035001. [PMID: 22400749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration using low-ionization-threshold gas such as Li is combined with laser-controlled electron injection via ionization of high-ionization-threshold gas such as He. The He electrons are released with low transverse momentum in the focus of the copropagating, nonrelativistic-intensity laser pulse directly inside the accelerating or focusing phase of the Li blowout. This concept paves the way for the generation of sub-μm-size, ultralow-emittance, highly tunable electron bunches, thus enabling a flexible new class of an advanced free electron laser capable high-field accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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21
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Hemsing E, Marinelli A, Rosenzweig JB. Generating optical orbital angular momentum in a high-gain free-electron laser at the first harmonic. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:164803. [PMID: 21599372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.164803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A scheme to generate intense coherent light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) at the fundamental wavelength of an x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) is described. The OAM light is emitted as the dominant mode of the system until saturation provided that the helical microbunching imposed on the electron beam is larger than the shot-noise bunching that leads to self-amplified emission. Operating at the fundamental, this scheme is more efficient than alternate schemes that rely on harmonic emission, and can be applied to x-ray FELs without using external optical mode conversion elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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22
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Musumeci P, Cultrera L, Ferrario M, Filippetto D, Gatti G, Gutierrez MS, Moody JT, Moore N, Rosenzweig JB, Scoby CM, Travish G, Vicario C. Multiphoton photoemission from a copper cathode illuminated by ultrashort laser pulses in an RF photoinjector. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:084801. [PMID: 20366937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we report on the use of ultrashort infrared laser pulses to generate a copious amount of electrons by a copper cathode in an rf photoinjector. The charge yield verifies the generalized Fowler-Dubridge theory for multiphoton photoemission. The emission is verified to be prompt using a two pulse autocorrelation technique. The thermal emittance associated with the excess kinetic energy from the emission process is comparable with the one measured using frequency tripled uv laser pulses. In the high field of the rf gun, up to 50 pC of charge can be extracted from the cathode using a 80 fs long, 2 microJ, 800 nm pulse focused to a 140 mum rms spot size. Taking into account the efficiency of harmonic conversion, illuminating a cathode directly with ir laser pulses can be the most efficient way to employ the available laser power.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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23
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Cook AM, Tikhoplav R, Tochitsky SY, Travish G, Williams OB, Rosenzweig JB. Observation of narrow-band terahertz coherent Cherenkov radiation from a cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:095003. [PMID: 19792803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.095003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of narrow-band coherent Cherenkov radiation driven by a subpicosecond electron bunch traveling along the axis of a hollow cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide. For an appropriate choice of dielectric wall thickness, a short-pulse beam current profile excites only the fundamental mode of the structure, producing energetic pulses in the terahertz range. We present detailed measurements showing a narrow emission spectrum peaked at 367 + or - 3 GHz from a 1 cm long fused silica capillary tube with submillimeter transverse dimensions, closely matching predictions. We demonstrate a 100 GHz shift in the emitted central frequency when the tube wall thickness is changed by 50 microm. Calibrated measurements of the radiated energy indicate up to 10 microJ per 60 ps pulse for an incident beam charge of 200 pC, corresponding to a peak power of approximately 150 kW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cook
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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24
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Musumeci P, Faillace L, Fukasawa A, Moody JT, O'Shea B, Rosenzweig JB, Scoby CM. Novel radio-frequency gun structures for ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction. Microsc Microanal 2009; 15:290-297. [PMID: 19575830 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609090412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) photoinjector-based relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a promising new technique that has the potential to probe structural changes at the atomic scale with sub-100 fs temporal resolution in a single shot. We analyze the limitations on the temporal and spatial resolution of this technique considering the operating parameters of a standard 1.6 cell RF gun (which is the RF photoinjector used for the first experimental tests of relativistic UED at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; University of California, Los Angeles; Brookhaven National Laboratory), and study the possibility of employing novel RF structures to circumvent some of these limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA.
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25
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Hemsing E, Musumeci P, Reiche S, Tikhoplav R, Marinelli A, Rosenzweig JB, Gover A. Helical electron-beam microbunching by harmonic coupling in a helical undulator. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:174801. [PMID: 19518787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbunching of a relativistic electron beam into a helix is examined analytically and in simulation. Helical microbunching is shown to occur naturally when an e beam interacts resonantly at the harmonics of the combined field of a helical magnetic undulator and an axisymmetric input laser beam. This type of interaction is proposed as a method to generate a strongly prebunched e beam for coherent emission of light with orbital angular momentum at virtually any wavelength. The results from the linear microbunching theory show excellent agreement with three-dimensional numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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26
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Musumeci P, Moody JT, England RJ, Rosenzweig JB, Tran T. Experimental generation and characterization of uniformly filled ellipsoidal electron-beam distributions. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:244801. [PMID: 18643590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.244801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For 40 years, uniformly filled ellipsoidal beam distributions have been studied theoretically, as they hold the promise of generating self-fields linear in the coordinate offset in all three directions. Recently, a scheme for producing such distributions, based on the strong longitudinal expansion of an initially very short beam under its own space-charge forces, has been proposed. In this Letter we present the experimental demonstration of this scheme, obtained by illuminating the cathode in a rf photogun with an ultrashort laser pulse (approximately 35 fs rms) with an appropriate transverse profile. The resulting 4 MeV beam spatiotemporal (x,t) distribution is imaged using a rf deflecting cavity with 50 fs resolution. A temporal asymmetry in the ellipsoidal profile, due to image charge effects at the photocathode, is observed at higher charge operation. This distortion is also found to degrade the transverse beam quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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27
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Thompson MC, Badakov H, Cook AM, Rosenzweig JB, Tikhoplav R, Travish G, Blumenfeld I, Hogan MJ, Ischebeck R, Kirby N, Siemann R, Walz D, Muggli P, Scott A, Yoder RB. Breakdown limits on Gigavolt-per-meter electron-beam-driven wakefields in dielectric structures. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:214801. [PMID: 18518609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
First measurements of the breakdown threshold in a dielectric subjected to GV/m wakefields produced by short (30-330 fs), 28.5 GeV electron bunches have been made. Fused silica tubes of 100 microm inner diameter were exposed to a range of bunch lengths, allowing surface dielectric fields up to 27 GV/m to be generated. The onset of breakdown, detected through light emission from the tube ends, is observed to occur when the peak electric field at the dielectric surface reaches 13.8+/-0.7 GV/m. The correlation of structure damage to beam-induced breakdown is established using an array of postexposure inspection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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28
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England RJ, Rosenzweig JB, Travish G. Generation and measurement of relativistic electron bunches characterized by a linearly ramped current profile. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:214802. [PMID: 18518610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.214802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the first successful attempt to generate ultrashort (1-10 ps) relativistic electron bunches characterized by a ramped longitudinal current profile that rises linearly from head to tail and then falls sharply to zero. Bunches with this type of longitudinal shape may be applied to plasma-based accelerator schemes as an optimized drive beam, and to free-electron lasers as a means of reducing asymmetry in microbunching due to slippage. The scheme used to generate the ramped bunches employs an anisochronous dogleg beam line with nonlinear correction elements to compress a beam having an initial positive time-energy chirp. The beam current profile is measured using a deflecting mode cavity, and a pseudoreconstruction of the beam's longitudinal phase space distribution is obtained by using this diagnostic with a residual horizontal dispersion after the dogleg.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J England
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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29
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Rosenzweig JB, Cook AM, Scott A, Thompson MC, Yoder RB. Effects of ion motion in intense beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:195002. [PMID: 16383988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.195002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent proposals for using plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA) as a component of a linear collider have included intense electron beams with densities many times in excess of the plasma density. The beam's electric fields expel the plasma electrons from the beam path to many beam radii in this regime. We analyze here the motion of plasma ions under the beam fields, and find for a proposed PWFA collider scenario that the ions completely collapse inside of the beam. Simulations of ion collapse are presented. Implications of ion motion on the feasibility of the PWFA-based colliders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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30
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Krafft GA, Doyuran A, Rosenzweig JB. Pulsed-laser nonlinear Thomson scattering for general scattering geometries. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:056502. [PMID: 16383764 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.056502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In a recent paper it has been shown that single electron Thomson backscatter calculations can be performed including the effects of pulsed high intensity lasers. In this paper we present a more detailed treatment of the problem and present results for more general scattering geometries. In particular, we present new results for 90 degrees Thomson scattering. Such geometries have been increasingly studied as x-ray sources of short-pulse radiation. Also, we present a clearer physical basis for these different cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Krafft
- Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators, Jefferson Laboratory, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
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31
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Andonian G, Murokh A, Rosenzweig JB, Agustsson R, Babzien M, Ben-Zvi I, Frigola P, Huang JY, Palumbo L, Pellegrini C, Reiche S, Travish G, Vicario C, Yakimenko V. Observation of anomalously large spectral bandwidth in a high-gain self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:054801. [PMID: 16090882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Observation of ultrawide bandwidth, up to 15% full-width, high-gain operation of a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-election laser (SASE FEL) is reported. This type of lasing is obtained with a strongly chirped beam (deltaE/E approximately 1.7%) emitted from the accelerator. Because of nonlinear pulse compression during transport, a short, high current bunch with strong mismatch errors is injected into the undulator, giving high FEL gain. Start-to-end simulations reproduce key features of the measurements and provide insight into mechanisms, such as angular spread in emitted photon and electron trajectory distributions, which yield novel features in the radiation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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32
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Musumeci P, Pellegrini C, Rosenzweig JB. Higher harmonic inverse free-electron laser interaction. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:016501. [PMID: 16090100 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We expand the theory of the inverse free electron laser (IFEL) interaction to include the possibility of energy exchange that takes place when relativistic particles traversing an undulator interact with an electromagnetic wave of a frequency that is a harmonic of the fundamental wiggler resonant frequency. We derive the coupling coefficients as a function of the IFEL parameters for all harmonics, both odd and even. The theory is supported by simulation results obtained with a three-dimensional Lorentz equation solver code. Comparisons are made between the results of theory and simulations, and the recent UCLA IFEL experimental results where higher harmonic IFEL interaction was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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33
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Musumeci P, Tochitsky SY, Boucher S, Clayton CE, Doyuran A, England RJ, Joshi C, Pellegrini C, Ralph JE, Rosenzweig JB, Sung C, Tolmachev S, Travish G, Varfolomeev AA, Varfolomeev AA, Yarovoi T, Yoder RB. High energy gain of trapped electrons in a tapered, diffraction-dominated inverse-free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:154801. [PMID: 15904152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy gain of trapped electrons in excess of 20 MeV has been demonstrated in an inverse-free-electron-laser (IFEL) accelerator experiment. A 14.5 MeV electron beam is copropagated with a 400 GW CO2 laser beam in a 50 cm long undulator strongly tapered in period and field amplitude. The Rayleigh range of the laser, approximately 1.8 cm, is much shorter than the undulator length yielding a diffraction-dominated interaction. Experimental results on the dependence of the acceleration on injection energy, laser focus position, and laser power are discussed. Simulations, in good agreement with the experimental data, show that most of the energy gain occurs in the first half of the undulator at a gradient of 70 MeV/m and that the structure in the measured energy spectrum arises because of higher harmonic IFEL interaction in the second half of the undulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- Neptune Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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34
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Tochitsky SY, Narang R, Filip CV, Musumeci P, Clayton CE, Yoder RB, Marsh KA, Rosenzweig JB, Pellegrini C, Joshi C. Enhanced acceleration of injected electrons in a laser-beat-wave-induced plasma channel. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:095004. [PMID: 15089478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced energy gain of externally injected electrons by a approximately 3 cm long, high-gradient relativistic plasma wave (RPW) is demonstrated. Using a CO2 laser beat wave of duration longer than the ion motion time across the laser spot size, a laser self-guiding process is initiated in a plasma channel. Guiding compensates for ionization-induced defocusing (IID) creating a longer plasma, which extends the interaction length between electrons and the RPW. In contrast to a maximum energy gain of 10 MeV when IID is dominant, the electrons gain up to 38 MeV energy in a laser-beat-wave-induced plasma channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ya Tochitsky
- Neptune Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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35
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Filip CV, Narang R, Tochitsky SY, Clayton CE, Musumeci P, Yoder RB, Marsh KA, Rosenzweig JB, Pellegrini C, Joshi C. Nonresonant beat-wave excitation of relativistic plasma waves with constant phase velocity for charged-particle acceleration. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:026404. [PMID: 14995563 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nonresonant beat-wave excitation of relativistic plasma waves is studied in two-dimensional simulations and experiments. It is shown through simulations that, as opposed to the resonant case, the accelerating electric fields associated with the nonresonant plasmons are always in phase with the beat-pattern of the laser pulse. The excitation of such nonresonant relativistic plasma waves is shown to be possible for plasma densities as high as 14 times the resonant density. The density fluctuations and the fields associated with these waves have significant magnitudes, facts confirmed experimentally using collinear Thomson scattering and electron injection, respectively. The applicability of these results towards eventual phase-locked acceleration of prebunched and externally injected electrons is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Filip
- Neptune Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Anderson SG, Rosenzweig JB, Musumeci P, Thompson MC. Horizontal phase-space distortions arising from magnetic pulse compression of an intense, relativistic electron beam. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:074803. [PMID: 12935023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.074803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report detailed measurements of the transverse phase space distortions induced by magnetic chicane compression of a high brightness, relativistic electron beam to subpicosecond length. A strong bifurcation in the phase space is observed when the beam is strongly compressed. This effect is analyzed using several computational models and is correlated to the folding of longitudinal phase space. The impact of these results on current research in collective beam effects in bending systems and implications for future short wavelength free-electron lasers and linear colliders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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37
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England RJ, Rosenzweig JB, Barov N. Plasma electron fluid motion and wave breaking near a density transition. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:016501. [PMID: 12241491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 04/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Suk, Barov, and Rosenzweig [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1011 (2001)] proposed a scheme for trapping background electrons in a plasma wake field using a sudden downward transition in the background ion density, where the density transition length is small compared to the plasma skin depth. In the present paper we present a fluid dynamical description of this mechanism that is self-consistent up to the point of wave breaking. A one-dimensional nonlinear relativistic second-order differential equation is derived for the electron fluid velocity in Lagrangian coordinates. Numerical integrations of this equation are used to map out the regions of parameter space in which wave breaking occurs and to determine the extent of the downstream region of plasma involved in wave breaking. Comparisons with one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that the onset of trapping occurs at the parameter values where wave breaking begins in the fluid analysis, but that the downstream extent of plasma involved in wave breaking is not a reliable predictor of the number of trapped particles. The PIC simulations also reveal that particles initially located on the upstream side of the density transition may become trapped, although these particles do not participate in wave breaking in the fluid description.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J England
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Suk H, Barov N, Rosenzweig JB, Esarey E. Plasma electron trapping and acceleration in a plasma wake field using a density transition. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1011-1014. [PMID: 11177997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme for plasma electron injection into an acceleration phase of a plasma wake field is presented. In this scheme, a single, short electron pulse travels through an underdense plasma with a sharp, localized, downward density transition. Near this transition, a number of background plasma electrons are trapped in the plasma wake field, due to the rapid wavelength increase of the induced wake wave in this region. The viability of this scheme is verified using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. To investigate the trapping and acceleration mechanisms further, a 1D Hamiltonian analysis, as well as 1D simulations, has been performed, with the results presented and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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39
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Rosenzweig JB, Chen P. Transverse equilibria and luminosity enhancement in linear collider beam-beam collisions. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:526-531. [PMID: 9961997 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Barov N, Rosenzweig JB. Propagation of short electron pulses in underdense plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:4407-4416. [PMID: 9961734 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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41
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Hartman SC, Rosenzweig JB. Ponderomotive focusing in axisymmetric rf linacs. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 47:2031-2037. [PMID: 9960223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.47.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Rosenzweig JB, Breizman B, Katsouleas T, Su JJ. Acceleration and focusing of electrons in two-dimensional nonlinear plasma wake fields. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:R6189-R6192. [PMID: 9905840 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.r6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rosenzweig JB, Schoessow P, Cole B, Ho C, Gai W, Konecny R, Mtingwa S, Norem J, Rosing M, Simpson J. Demonstration of electron beam self‐focusing in plasma wake fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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46
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Rosenzweig JB, Schoessow P, Cole B, Gai W, Konecny R, Norem J, Simpson J. Experimental measurement of nonlinear plasma wake fields. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 39:1586-1589. [PMID: 9901409 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Rosenzweig JB. Trapping, thermal effects, and wave breaking in the nonlinear plasma wake-field accelerator. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1988; 38:3634-3642. [PMID: 9900801 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Rosenzweig JB, Cline DB, Cole B, Figueroa H, Gai W, Konecny R, Norem J, Schoessow P, Simpson J. Experimental observation of plasma wake-field acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:98-101. [PMID: 10038703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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49
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