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Abstract
Tsunami warning centres face the challenging task of rapidly forecasting tsunami threat immediately after an earthquake, when there is high uncertainty due to data deficiency. Here we introduce Probabilistic Tsunami Forecasting (PTF) for tsunami early warning. PTF explicitly treats data- and forecast-uncertainties, enabling alert level definitions according to any predefined level of conservatism, which is connected to the average balance of missed-vs-false-alarms. Impact forecasts and resulting recommendations become progressively less uncertain as new data become available. Here we report an implementation for near-source early warning and test it systematically by hindcasting the great 2010 M8.8 Maule (Chile) and the well-studied 2003 M6.8 Zemmouri-Boumerdes (Algeria) tsunamis, as well as all the Mediterranean earthquakes that triggered alert messages at the Italian Tsunami Warning Centre since its inception in 2015, demonstrating forecasting accuracy over a wide range of magnitudes and earthquake types.
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Correlation between tectonic CO 2 Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines, Italy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc2938. [PMID: 32923650 PMCID: PMC7449681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep CO2 emissions characterize many nonvolcanic, seismically active regions worldwide, and the involvement of deep CO2 in the earthquake cycle is now generally recognized. However, no long-time records of such emissions have been published, and the temporal relations between earthquake occurrence and tectonic CO2 release remain enigmatic. Here, we report a 10-year record (2009-2018) of tectonic CO2 flux in the Apennines (Italy) during intense seismicity. The gas emission correlates with the evolution of the seismic sequences: Peaks in the deep CO2 flux are observed in periods of high seismicity and decays as the energy and number of earthquakes decrease. We propose that the evolution of seismicity is modulated by the ascent of CO2 accumulated in crustal reservoirs and originating from the melting of subducted carbonates. This large-scale, continuous process of CO2 production favors the formation of overpressurized CO2-rich reservoirs potentially able to trigger earthquakes at crustal depth.
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[Environment and lifestyle: Impacts on male fertility?]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2018; 46:47-56. [PMID: 29198589 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this last century, an increase of men infertility has been registered. It has been suggested that environmental factors could a negative impact over sperm quality. Among these factors, impact of environmental toxicant has been spread by media. In this review of scientific literature, we identify several environmental factors that could impact men fertility in a negative way. These factors are tobacco, marijuana, weight, body mass index, heat, nutritional state, electromagnetic waves and altitude. For each of these factors, the impact over men fertility, their mechanism, as well their influence over the use of Assisted Reproductive Technics are reported.
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Disparities in reproductive outcomes according to the endometrial preparation protocol in frozen embryo transfer : The risk of early pregnancy loss in frozen embryo transfer cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:425-429. [PMID: 29110260 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stimulated and artificial endometrial preparation protocols on reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 1926 FET cycles over a 3.5-year period in the Fertility Unit at a University Hospital. Stimulated and artificial protocols were used for endometrial preparation. The embryos for FET were obtained from either in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Live birth rate and early pregnancy loss rates were retrospectively compared. In artificial protocols, oral or vaginal administration of oestradiol 2 mg two or three times a day was followed by vaginal supplementation with progesterone 200 mg two or three times a day. In stimulated protocols, recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone was administered from day 4 onward. Vaginal ultrasound was used for endometrial and ovarian monitoring. A pregnancy test was performed 14 days after FET. If it was positive, oestradiol and progesterone were administered up until the 12th week of gestation in artificial cycles. We defined early pregnancy losses as biochemical pregnancies (preclinical losses) and miscarriages. RESULTS Data on 865 artificial cycles (45% of the total) and 1061 stimulated cycles (55%) were collected. Early pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower for stimulated cycles (34.2%) than for artificial cycles (56.9%), and the live birth rate was significantly higher for stimulated cycles (59.7%) than for artificial cycles (29.1%). CONCLUSION In frozen embryo transfer, artificial cycles were associated with more early pregnancy loss and lower live birth rate than stimulated cycles.
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Clues on the origin of post-2000 earthquakes at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). Sci Rep 2017; 7:4472. [PMID: 28667256 PMCID: PMC5493613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-arrival times of the post 2000 seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera are statistically distributed into different populations. The low inter-arrival times population represents swarm events, while the high inter-arrival times population marks background seismicity. Here, we show that the background seismicity is increasing at the same rate of (1) the ground uplift and (2) the concentration of the fumarolic gas specie more sensitive to temperature. The seismic temporal increase is strongly correlated with the results of recent simulations, modelling injection of magmatic fluids in the Campi Flegrei hydrothermal system. These concurrent variations point to a unique process of temperature-pressure increase of the hydrothermal system controlling geophysical and geochemical signals at the caldera. Our results thus show that the occurrence of background seismicity is an excellent parameter to monitor the current unrest of the caldera.
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Âge du père en assistance médicale à la procréation : faut-il une limite ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:712-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Background According to our literature analysis, there are no data focused on spermatozoa emotional representations in childless men and data on the emotional repercussions of a diagnosis of infertility on men are still scarce. Thus, in this work, we investigated what the presence or absence of spermatozoa in the semen symbolize for men. Material and methods To answer this question, 441 childless heterosexual men participated in an anonymous, prospective, Internet-based survey. Results In response to the question “What would having a high or normal sperm count symbolize for you?” the most frequent answer was “ability to father a child”. Men living with a partner were significantly more likely than single men to answer “ability to father a child” (p < 0.05) and less likely to answer “virility” and/or “ability to have an erection/ejaculation” (p = 0.001). In response to the question “If you found out that you had a low sperm count or no spermatozoa at all, how would you feel?”, most of the men stated that they would be disappointed. Men living with a partner were more likely to state that they would feel ashamed (p < 0.05) or guilty with regard to their partner (p < 0.0001). Conclusions These preliminary results should help us to improve (i) the way that male infertility is announced (it is easier to find the right words if one understands the possible importance of having a high sperm count) and (ii) the psychological, marital and sexual counselling provided to men with a diagnosis of infertility.
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Pilonidal sinus: clinical and ultrasonographic response to topical resorcinol 15%. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1103-1104. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A human morphologically normal spermatozoon may have noncondensed chromatin. Andrologia 2014; 47:879-86. [PMID: 25220830 DOI: 10.1111/and.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
According to numerous assisted reproductive medicine practitioners, semen with normal characteristics might not require further investigation. However, on the scale of the individual spermatozoon, it is well known that normal morphology does not guarantee optimal nuclear quality. Here, for 20 patients with normal sperm characteristics and a high proportion of spermatozoa with noncondensed chromatin, we subsequently assessed chromatin condensation status (aniline blue staining) and morphology (Papanicolaou staining) of the same 3749 spermatozoa. Although the overall proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa was not correlated with the overall proportion of spermatozoa with noncondensed chromatin, an individual spermatozoon's morphology appeared to be closely related to its chromatin condensation status. Morphologically normal spermatozoa with noncondensed chromatin were seen in all patients; the proportion averaged 23.3% [min 10.9%-max 44.4%]. Morphologically abnormal spermatozoa were more likely to have noncondensed chromatin than morphologically normal ones (P < 0.0001). Small-, large- or multiple-headed spermatozoa presented the highest degree of noncondensation (>80% for each type), and more than half the vacuolated spermatozoa also presented noncondensed chromatin. However, a morphologically normal spermatozoon may also have a noncondensed chromatin.
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Artificially-induced organelles are optimal targets for optical trapping experiments in living cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1993-2008. [PMID: 25071944 PMCID: PMC4102344 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping supplies information on the structural, kinetic or rheological properties of inner constituents of the cell. However, the application of significant forces to intracellular objects is notoriously difficult due to a combination of factors, such as the small difference between the refractive indices of the target structures and the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the possibility of artificially inducing the formation of spherical organelles in the endoplasmic reticulum, which would contain densely packed engineered proteins, to be used as optimized targets for optical trapping experiments. The high index of refraction and large size of our organelles provide a firm grip for optical trapping and thereby allow us to exert large forces easily within safe irradiation limits. This has clear advantages over alternative probes, such as subcellular organelles or internalized synthetic beads.
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CP-017 Incidence of neutropenia due to the use of peginterferon alpha 2a/2b during the treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection (VHC). Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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OHP-012 Outcomes of switching from intravenous to oral levetiracetam treatment in a neurosurgery unit. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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High-magnification selection of spermatozoa prior to oocyte injection: confirmed and potential indications. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 28:6-13. [PMID: 24268730 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) involves the use of differential interference contrast microscopy at high magnification (at least ·6300) to improve the observation of live human spermatozoa (particularly by showing sperm head vacuoles that are not necessarily seen at lower magnifications) prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into the oocyte. However, a decade after IMSI’s introduction, the technique’s indications and ability to increase pregnancy and/or birth rates (relative to conventional ICSI) are subject to debate. In an attempt to clarify this debate, this work performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed database was searched from 2001 onwards with the terms ‘IMSI’, ‘MSOME’ and ‘high-magnification, sperm’. Out of 168 search results, 22 relevant studies reporting IMSI outcomes in terms of blastocyst, pregnancy, delivery and/or birth rates were selected and reviewed. The studies’ methodologies and results are described and discussed herein. In view of the scarcity of head-to-head IMSI versus ICSI studies, the only confirmed indication for IMSI is recurrent implantation failure following ICSI. All other potential indications of IMSI require further investigation.
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A genome-wide DNA methylation study in azoospermia. Andrology 2013; 1:815-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tumor necrosis factor-308 polymorphism increases the embryo implantation rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2774-83. [PMID: 23906902 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do TNF-308 and -238 polymorphisms impact the embryo implantation rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women without female infertility factor? SUMMARY ANSWER The presence of the TNF-308A allele is associated with high implantation and multiple pregnancy rates in women without known infertility factors after ovarian hyperstimulation with exogenous FSH. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Multiple pregnancies are frequent after the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Single embryo transfer (SET) has been proposed as a simple way to prevent these risks. However, the extension of SET indications to patients not selected based on specific criteria is controversial because of reduced pregnancy rates. To date, the predictive value of the parameters used for SET (age, gynecological history of the patient and uterine characteristics) allows a pregnancy rate of ~30%. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The potential predictive value of TNF polymorphisms (-308, rs1800629 and -238, rs361525) on implantation rate was evaluated in 424 women requiring IVF due to male fertility factors. This cohort retrospective study was conducted over 4 years in University-affiliated hospitals. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING, METHODS The entire patient group included 424 women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to male fertility factors without the contribution of any female factor. From among this group, a selected patient group included 120 women with a normal karyotype, age under 38 years, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (Day-3 FSH) levels below 10 IU/l, a long agonist desensitization protocol associated with recombinant FSH treatment and a Caucasian background. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The TNF-238 polymorphism was not associated with implantation rate. In contrast, the presence of the TNF-308A allele was associated with increased Day 3-E2 levels as well as higher implantation and multiple pregnancy rates after fresh embryo transfer in women from the entire and selected patient groups. Moreover, in the selected patient group, the presence of the TNF-308A allele was also associated with a decrease in the miscarriage rate. The benefit of the TNF-308A allele in predicting implantation rates was not observed after the use of frozen embryos. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Future studies are needed to evaluate whether the TNF-308A allele might also be a biomarker in women with infertility factors. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDING The TNF-308A allele may represent a good candidate for a potential predictive, non-invasive biomarker in the SET strategy. However, its impact should be evaluated in prospective studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was conducted with financial support from the French Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Organon France for a FARO (Fond d'Aide à la Recherche Organon) fellowship (to V.T.) and CHU Nice PHRC (PHRC 09-279).There are no competing interests.
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Sperm FISH analysis of a 44,X,der(Y),t(Y;15)(q12;q10)pat,rob(13;14)(q10;q10)mat complex chromosome rearrangement. Andrologia 2013; 46:576-82. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Intérêt de la ponction épididymaire et de la biopsie testiculaire systématique dans la prise en charge de l’azoospermie obstructive. Basic Clin Androl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-012-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
Introduction
Dans l’azoospermie obstructive (AO), les taux d’extraction chirurgicale de spermatozoïdes sont élevés. Cependant, en ce qui concerne les issues des ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) chirurgicales, les données de la littérature divergent. Quels sont, dans notre équipe, les taux d’extraction de spermatozoïdes après aspiration épidydimaire (MESA) et après extraction testiculaire (TESE) dans l’AO ? Les taux de grossesses, les taux de fausses couches spontanées et d’accouchements diffèrent-ils en fonction de l’origine du sperme ?
Matériels et méthodes
L’étude a rétrospectivement inclus 48 couples dont l’homme présente une azoospermie obstructive pure et ayant bénéficié d’un prélèvement chirurgical de spermatozoïdes associant systématiquement MESA et TESE. Les ICSI ont été réalisées de manière asynchrone. À chaque fois que cela était possible, la première ICSI a été réalisée avec des spermatozoïdes épididymaires.
Résultats
Pour les 48 couples, 99 ICSI ont été réalisées. Quinze couples ont réalisé 24 ICSI-TESE car l’aspiration épididymaire était négative. Onze couples ont réalisé 20 ICSI-TESE car la qualité du prélèvement épididymaire n’était pas satisfaisante (vitalité spermatique réduite le plus souvent). Vingt-deux couples ont réalisé 22 ICSI-MESA en première intention puis en cas d’échec, 11 couples ont réalisé 12 ICSI-MESA et dix couples ont réalisé 20 ICSI-TESE. Alors que les nombres d’ovocytes injectés (7,1±4,1 vs 6,9 ±3,6 P: 0,8) et d’embryons obtenus (4,5±3,0 vs 4,7±2,7; P: 0,7) ne sont pas significativement différents dans les deux groupes d’ICSI, les nombres d’embryons de top qualité (2,4±1,9 vs 3,6±2,0 P: 0,005) et d’embryons congelés (0,9±1,8 vs 1,7±1,9 P: 0,04) sont significativement supérieurs dans le groupe TESE. Le nombre de grossesse par ponction est supérieur dans le groupe TESE (58,5 % vs 26,5 %, P: 0,002).
Conclusion
L’approche de notre centre a la particularité d’associer systématiquement un prélèvement testiculaire au prélèvement épididymaire chez tout homme présentant une azoospermie obstructive alors que la plupart des autres études rapportées se limitent à l’exploration épididymaire si cette dernière est positive lors de l’examen extemporané. Alors que classiquement, on rapporte 100% de positivité lors du prélèvement épididymaire chez l’homme atteint d’une azoospermie obstructive, dans notre étude, plus de la moitié des explorations épididymaires s’est avérée inexploitable. La qualité embryonnaire et les taux de grossesses sont meilleurs avec des spermatozoïdes testiculaires. L’association de ces 2 sites de prélèvement (MESA et TESE) peut être complémentaire et utile pour le couple et l’issue de sa prise en charge en AMP sans pour autant entraîner un sur-risque pour l’homme dans les suites de la chirurgie.
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Selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole-free head (x6300) improves selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates. Andrologia 2012; 45:163-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Les bactériospermies en AMP : comment réaliser et interpréter une spermoculture ? Qui traiter ? Pourquoi ? Comment ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Validation of a new metabolic marker to assess the vascular viability of vitrified whole sheep ovaries. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1811-21. [PMID: 22454460 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole ovary cryopreservation has been suggested as a means to preserve fertility. In animal models, autologous cryopreserved ovary transplants frequently undergo thrombosis and a method to assess the vascular viability of cryopreserved ovaries would be valuable. We developed a staining method using methylthiazolyl blue tetrazolium (MTT, a metabolic marker) to assess the pedicle metabolism of whole ovaries vitrified using cryoprotectant called 'VS4'. METHODS Whole sheep ovaries were perfused with MTT (1 g/l). In one group, ovarian tissue lesions were induced by immersing the ovarian pedicle in medium at 53°C or 65°C or in liquid nitrogen prior to MTT perfusion. In the second group, several metabolic substrates (d-glucose, l-glucose and pyruvic acid) and inhibitors [2-deoxy-d-glucose for d-glucose metabolism, azide for mitochondrial respiration and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for NADPH oxidase (an effector of the pentose phosphate pathway)] were added to the MTT stain. The third group was subjected to VS4 ± vitrification/warming prior to MTT perfusion. Pedicle MTT staining was assessed qualitatively by histological examination of frozen sections or quantified at 564 nm after solubilization in alcohol. RESULTS MTT strongly and reproducibly stained the vascular smooth muscle. Heating at 53°C or 65°C or cooling in liquid nitrogen significantly diminished MTT staining by 48% (P = 0.001, n = 10), 94% (P = 0.0002, n = 10) and 94% (P = 0.0002, n = 10), respectively. MTT staining was affected by d-glucose metabolism: absence of d-glucose, substitution of unmetabolized l-glucose for d-glucose or addition of 2-deoxy-d-glucose significantly decreased MTT staining by 44% (P < 0.01, n = 10), 45% (P < 0.01, n = 10) and 29% (P < 0.01, n = 10), respectively. Pyruvic acid failed to correct the MTT staining decrease induced by d-glucose deprivation and azide did not decrease MTT staining, suggesting that MTT staining could be independent of mitochondrial metabolism. Adding DPI significantly inhibited MTT staining by 25% (P < 0.001, n = 10), suggesting involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway's effectors. Compared with controls, VS4-vitrified/warmed pedicles showed significantly less MTT staining (-30%, P < 0.005, n = 10), with unstained foci, whereas unvitrified VS4-exposed pedicles showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS MTT can serve as a qualitative and quantitative vascular viability marker.VS4 vitrification caused alterations in ovarian vascular metabolism. MTT staining should allow accurate comparisons of whole-organ cryoprotection protocols.
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The sperm chromosomal risk of men heterozygous for robertsonian translocations depends on sperm count and on translocation type. Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Is testicular sperm more efficient than epididymal sperm for ICSI in patients with obstructive azoospermia? Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Large human sperm vacuoles observed in motile spermatozoa under high magnification: nuclear thumbprints linked to failure of chromatin condensation. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1650-8. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prenatal BACs-on-Beads™
: a new technology for rapid detection of aneuploidies and microdeletions in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:500-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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SELECTED ORAL COMMUNICATION SESSION, SESSION 04: ANDROLOGY - MALE FACTOR, Monday 4 July 2011 10:00 - 11:30. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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POSTER VIEWING SESSION - ANDROLOGY. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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SELECTED ORAL COMMUNICATION SESSION, SESSION 49: EMBRYOLOGY - THE FERTILIZATION PROCESS, Tuesday 5 July 2011 17:00 - 18:00. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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[Genetics of first polar body]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 39:8-10. [PMID: 20728798 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-2315(10)70004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of FISH and ART identified aneuploidy in polar body. The presence of these oocyte abnormalities conducts to implantation failure. The aim of the new technique is to select the best oocyte by complete chromosome analysis, and study of second polar body.
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Andrology (Male Fertility, Spermatogenesis). Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Blessures dans la filiation et infertilité masculine : étude comparative et psychodynamique. Basic Clin Androl 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-010-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
Cette recherche est née de la constatation clinique, à travers les récits de vie d’hommes infertiles, de l’existence de perturbations dans leur filiation. Dans un premier temps, il s’agira de déterminer, à l’aide d’une grille de filiation construite à partir d’une clinique psychanalytique, si, pour certains de ces hommes infertiles, le projet de devenir père pourrait être entravé par leur difficulté à se situer dans leur généalogie et à s’identifier à leur propre père. La comparaison d’un groupe de 30 hommes infertiles avec un groupe de 30 hommes fertiles permet de mettre en évidence l’impact de certains événements dans la filiation sur la capacité à procréer. Le second temps de la recherche sera consacré à une approche psychodynamique qui tentera d’éclairer l’hypothèse d’un lien entre l’impact traumatique de ces événements sur les sujets et sa traduction dans une expression somatique.
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Partial chromosome deletion: a new trisomy rescue mechanism? Fetal Diagn Ther 2009; 25:111-4. [PMID: 19246929 DOI: 10.1159/000203400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We described a first case of a fetus with multiple congenital malformations associated with full trisomy 5 on direct CVS analysis and a partial trisomy 5 after cell culture. METHODS CVS karyotype (direct examination and culture) was performed after ultrasound examination and genetic counseling. RESULTS Direct CVS preparation showed a female karyotype with a homogeneous entire chromosome 5 trisomy, and karyotype of cultured CVS showed partial chromosome 5 trisomy, with an extra chromosome resulting from a deleted chromosome 5: 47,XX,del(5q31),+5. Only macroscopic examination could be performed because parents decided against postmortem examination and further analysis. CONCLUSION After a brief literature review, we argue that all de novo large chromosome deletions need to be considered as potentially associated with a trisomy rescue and uniparental disomy.
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Pronuclear morphology differs between women more than 38 and women less than 30 years of age. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Prenatal Diagnosis: Another Experience. Fetal Diagn Ther 2009; 25:277-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000224112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gamete cytogenetic study in couples with implantation failure: aneuploidy rate is increased in both couple members. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:539-45. [PMID: 18972203 PMCID: PMC2593765 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Implantation failure is known to be associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy in embryos, a situation leading to a pre-implantation genetic screening, not allowed in different countries like France. Our aim was to evaluate the gamete aneuploidy incidence in this context, using first polar body and spermatozoa aneuploidy screening. METHODS Three groups were considered: 11 couples with pregnancy obtained after IVF for female infertility (group 1); 20 couples with pregnancy obtained after IVF for male infertility (group 2); and 35 couples with implantation failure (group 3). In group 3, 28 couples treated by ICSI volunteered for first polar body analysis (PB1). RESULTS Spermatozoa aneuploidy rate was increased in groups 2 (1.6%) and 3 (2.1%) in comparison to group 1 (0.6%). PB1 aneuploidy rate was 35.4% in group 3. Finally, eight couples (32%) had no particular chromosomal risk in gametes, 15/25 (60%) presented an increased spermatic (>2%) or oocyte (>1/3) aneuploidy rate, and 2/25 (8%) had both. CONCLUSION Those results confirm that implantation failure has a heterogeneous origin, that gamete chromosome abnormality rate is one of the major contributing factors, and that 1st Polar body and spermatozoa aneuploidy screening or pre-implantation genetics screening may be indicated for these couples.
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[Causes and clinical implications of sperm DNA damages]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:1109-17. [PMID: 18964175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous recent studies involve DNA damages associated with poor fertilization rates, early embryo development defect, and poor quality of conceptus following Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). The authors denounce a particularly high rate of miscarriages and childhood cancer or dominant genetic mutations such as achondroplasia, Apert syndrome or aberrant gene imprinting such as Angelman and Beckwith Wiedeman syndromes. Gametes DNA defects have numerous origins which are difficult to determine; they are known to involve hypomethylation, oxydative stress and environmental factors.(adducts formation). DNA defect is also linked to a more or less delayed apoptotic phenomenon. Exposure to radiations or radiofrequency electromagnetic emissions can also induce DNA alterations into the spermatozoa of infertile men. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, these DNA defects have obvious consequences on reproduction of mammalian species. Detection of such anomalies before ART, are an important step toward developing strategies for clinical management according to the aetiology.
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 polymorphism in infertile men with altered sperm production or motility. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2858-66. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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6 fold increase of spermatozoa aneuploidy from meiotic origin in patients with non obstructive azoospermia compared to patients with obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Can IMSI be efficient in situation of ICSI failure and teratospermy, with special study of macrocephaly? Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cytokines and chemokines in follicular fluids and potential of the corresponding embryo: the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2001-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Stability of aneuploidy rate in polar bodies in two cohorts from the same patient. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:213-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Significance of soluble HLA-G detection in follicular fluids and embryo supernatants in IVF/ICSI cycles. J Reprod Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oocyte aneuploidy mechanisms are different in two situations of increased chromosomal risk: older patients and patients with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1333-9. [PMID: 17482601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanisms underlying oocyte abnormalities in meiosis: meiotic nondisjunction of a whole chromosome or premature separation of sister chromatids in two situations of increased chromosomal risk. DESIGN Preconception diagnosis by first polar-body analysis in two situations of increased chromosomal risk. SETTING Departments of reproductive biology, cytogenetics, gynecology, and obstetrics. PATIENT(S) First polar body analysis was proposed to 76 patients (91 cycles) for advanced age (AMA; n = 30, 36 cycles), recurrent implantation failure (RIF; >10 embryos transferred without implantation; n = 32, 36 cycles), or both (AMA + RIF; n = 14, 19 cycles), before their intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. INTERVENTION(S) First polar-body analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Mechanisms and frequency of aneuploidy. RESULT(S) Three hundred eighty-four oocytes were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, 130 from women >38 years of age, 171 from women with RIF, and 83 from women with both indications. The oocyte abnormality rate was similar in the three groups, respectively, 38.5%, 40.4%, and 45.8%. The aneuploidy mechanisms were different for women >38 years of age who had no previous implantation failure (AMA) compared with women of whatever age who had implantation failure (P<.05 vs. RIF; P<.001 vs. AMA+RIF), with, respectively, for the AMA, RIF, and AMA+RIF groups, 72.2%, 56.6%, and 49.2% premature separation of sister chromatids and 27.8%, 43.4%, and 50.8% meiotic nondisjunction. In the two implantation-failure groups, we distinguished a subgroup (22% in the RIF group and 33% in AMA+RIF group) of patients with >2/3 abnormal oocytes, suggesting a meiosis alteration. CONCLUSION(S) The mechanisms accounting for oocyte aneuploidy differed in the two clinical situations of advanced maternal age and RIF. Advanced maternal-age aneuploidy was linked to a loss of sister chromatid cohesion that led to one single chromatid abnormality, whereas implantation failure is a much more heterogeneous situation.
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Effets à long terme des perturbateurs endocriniens environnementaux sur la fertilité masculine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:978-84. [PMID: 16996771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated during the last 50 years an increased incidence in testis cancer, male genital tract malformations (cryptorchidism and hypospadias) and a decrease in sperm quality in men. These three pathologies seem to be linked and to belong to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). It was suggested that TDS is a consequence of intra-uterine exposure to environmental compounds that disrupt the metabolism of native hormones. Such substances are so called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are present in our daily environment such as food and water (through the use of pesticides), cosmetics, house-care products etc. Experimental models have been carried out to (i) establish a link between EDs exposure and SDT and (ii) identify the mechanisms that are involved in. After a brief definition of EDs and having underlined the importance of the window of exposure to EDs, several mechanisms will be described such as (i) intergenerational transmission (epigenetic), (ii) programmed cell death of testicular cells, (iii) modification of the androgenic signal and (iv) role of the germ cells-nourishing cells. To conclude, we will try to propose some biomarkers that would be useful to identify the potential link between fetal exposure to anti-androgenic EDs and male testicular pathology.
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P-182. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Paternité tardive : aspects spermatiques et génétiques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:855-9. [PMID: 16931096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of maternal age on the risk of meiotic abnormality is well documented. In contrast little is known about the effect of the paternal age. The question of the risk related to paternal age is raised because of the increased demand of Assisted Reproduction Techniques for older men. This review focuses on the alterations of male semen parameters, testis histology and genetic risks related to age. The motility, vitality and morphology of spermatozoa and semen volume are found decreasing with age. Histomorphometric studies reveal various alterations including a thickening of the basal membrane when spermatogenesis is arrested. The number of germinal and Sertoli cells decreases with increased age. Up to 95 years old, we could find subjects with complete spermatogenesis. Chromosomal analyses in different studies have provided controversial results. Our investigation on subjects aged from 29 to 102 showed that the rate of aneuploidy in the group of aged subjects with preserved spermatogenesis was not statistically different from the young control group. However the incidence of postmeiotic aneuploidy was increased when spermiogenesis had stopped. On the other hand from epidemiological studies, autosomal dominant diseases are known to be associated with paternal age. However, in the case of achondroplasia and Apert syndrome, direct DNA sperm analysis did not reveal significant increase in the mutation frequency with paternal age.
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O-50. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Partial trisomy 20p resulting from recombination of a maternal pericentric inversion: case report of a prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:239-41. [PMID: 16485319 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20p resulting from a maternal pericentric inversion. The diagnosis was confirmed on both chorionic villi and amniotic cells. This case underlines the fact that prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of this structural anomaly is difficult. The only early sonographic feature was increased nuchal translucency.
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