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Mosquera-Guerra F, Trujillo F, Oliveira-da-Costa M, Marmontel M, Van Damme PA, Franco N, Córdova L, Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Mena JL, Mangel JC, Oviedo JSU, Carvajal-Castro JD, Mantilla-Meluk H, Armenteras-Pascual D. Home range and movements of Amazon river dolphins Inia geoffrensis in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the variables that describe the spatial ecology of threatened species allows us to identify and prioritize areas that are critical for species conservation. To estimate the home range and core area of the Endangered (EN) Amazon river dolphin Inia geoffrensis, 23 individuals (6♀, 17♂) were tagged during the rising water period in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins between 2017 and 2018. The satellite tracking period ranged from 24 to 336 d (mean ± SE = 107 ± 15.7 d), and river dolphin movements ranged from 7.5 to 298 km (58 ± 13.4 km). Kernel density estimates were used to determine minimum home ranges at 95% (K95 = 6.2 to 233.9 km2; mean = 59 ± 13.5 km2) and core areas at 50% (K50 = 0.6 to 54.9 km2; mean = 9 ± 2.6 km2). Protected areas accounted for 45% of the K50 estimated core area. We observed dolphin individuals crossing country borders between Colombia and Peru in the Amazon basin, and between Colombia and Venezuela in the Orinoco basin. Satellite tracking allowed us to determine the different uses of riverine habitat types: main rivers (channels and bays, 52% of recorded locations), confluences (32%), lagoons (9.6%), and tributaries (6.2%). Satellite monitoring allowed us to better understand the ecological preferences of the species and demonstrated the importance of maintaining aquatic landscape heterogeneity and spatial connectivity for effective river dolphin conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mosquera-Guerra
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - F Trujillo
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - M Oliveira-da-Costa
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - M Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, 69.553-225 Tefé (AM), Brazil
| | | | - N Franco
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - L Córdova
- Faunagua, 31001 Sacaba-Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - E Campbell
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - J Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JL Mena
- Museo de Historia Natural Vera Alleman Haeghebaert, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 1801 Lima, Peru
| | - JC Mangel
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JSU Oviedo
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - JD Carvajal-Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, 11366 Queens, NY, USA
| | - H Mantilla-Meluk
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo y Estudio del Recurso Hídrico y el Ambiente (CIDERA), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
| | - D Armenteras-Pascual
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Mosquera-Guerra F, Trujillo F, Parks D, Oliveira-da-Costa M, Van Damme PA, Echeverría A, Franco N, Carvajal-Castro JD, Mantilla-Meluk H, Marmontel M, Armenteras-Pascual D. Mercury in Populations of River Dolphins of the Amazon and Orinoco Basins. Ecohealth 2019; 16:743-758. [PMID: 31712931 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the Amazon and Orinoco basins, mercury has been released from artisanal and industrial gold mining since the Colonial time, as well as a result of deforestation and burning of primary forest, that release natural deposits of methyl mercury, affecting the local aquatic vertebrate fauna. This study reports the presence of mercury in river dolphins' genera Inia and Sotalia. Mercury concentrations were analysed in muscle tissue samples collected from 46 individuals at the Arauca and Orinoco Rivers (Colombia), the Amazon River (Colombia), a tributary of the Itenez River (Bolivia) and from the Tapajos River (Brazil). Ranges of total mercury (Hg) concentration in muscle tissue of the four different taxa sampled were: I. geoffrensis humboldtiana 0.003-3.99 mg kg-1 ww (n = 21, Me = 0.4), I. g. geoffrensis 0.1-2.6 mg kg-1 ww (n = 15, Me = 0.55), I. boliviensis 0.03-0.4 mg kg-1 ww (n = 8, Me = 0.1) and S. fluviatilis 0.1-0.87 mg kg-1 ww (n = 2, Me = 0.5). The highest Hg concentration in our study was obtained at the Orinoco basin, recorded from a juvenile male of I. g. humboldtiana (3.99 mg kg-1 ww). At the Amazon basin, higher concentrations of mercury were recorded in the Tapajos River (Brazil) from an adult male of I. g. geoffrensis (2.6 mg kg-1 ww) and the Amazon River from an adult female of S. fluviatilis (0.87 mg kg-1 ww). Our data support the presence of total Hg in river dolphins distributed across the evaluated basins, evidencing the role of these cetaceans as sentinel species and bioindicators of the presence of this heavy metal in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mosquera-Guerra
- Fundación Omacha, Calle 84 No. 21-64, Barrio El Polo, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | - F Trujillo
- Fundación Omacha, Calle 84 No. 21-64, Barrio El Polo, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - D Parks
- Whitley Fund for Nature, 110 Princedale Road l, London, W11 4NH, UK
| | | | - P A Van Damme
- Faunagua, final Av. Max Fernández final s/n - Plazuela Chillijchi (Arocagua Norte) - Sacaba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - A Echeverría
- Faunagua, final Av. Max Fernández final s/n - Plazuela Chillijchi (Arocagua Norte) - Sacaba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - N Franco
- Fundación Omacha, Calle 84 No. 21-64, Barrio El Polo, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - J D Carvajal-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - H Mantilla-Meluk
- Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Carrera 15 No. 12 Norte, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
| | - M Marmontel
- Instituto Mamirauá de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Estrada do Bexiga, 2.584 Bairro Fonte Boa, Cx. Postal 38, Tefé, AM, 69.553-225, Brazil
| | - D Armenteras-Pascual
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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