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Burkitt-Gray M, Casavola M, Clark PCJ, Fairclough SM, Flavell WR, Fleck RA, Haigh SJ, Ke JCR, Leontiadou M, Lewis EA, Osiecki J, Qazi-Chaudhry B, Vizcay-Barrena G, Wichiansee W, Green M. Structural investigations into colour-tuneable fluorescent InZnP-based quantum dots from zinc carboxylate and aminophosphine precursors. Nanoscale 2023; 15:1763-1774. [PMID: 36601869 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent InP-based quantum dots have emerged as valuable nanomaterials for display technologies, biological imaging, and optoelectronic applications. The inclusion of zinc can enhance both their emissive and structural properties and reduce interfacial defects with ZnS or CdS shells. However, the sub-particle distribution of zinc and the role this element plays often remains unclear, and it has previously proved challenging to synthesise Zn-alloyed InP-based nanoparticles using aminophosphine precursors. In this report, we describe the synthesis of alloyed InZnP using zinc carboxylates, achieving colour-tuneable fluorescence from the unshelled core materials, followed by a one-pot ZnS or CdS deposition using diethyldithiocarbamate precursors. Structural analysis revealed that the "core/shell" particles synthesised here were more accurately described as homogeneous extended alloys with the constituent shell elements diffusing through the entire core, including full-depth inclusion of zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Burkitt-Gray
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marianna Casavola
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Pip C J Clark
- The Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon M Fairclough
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Wendy R Flavell
- The Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Chun-Ren Ke
- The Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marina Leontiadou
- The Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Edward A Lewis
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jacek Osiecki
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Basma Qazi-Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Wijittra Wichiansee
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Clark PCJ, Lewis NK, Ke JCR, Ahumada-Lazo R, Chen Q, Neo DCJ, Gaulding EA, Pach GF, Pis I, Silly MG, Flavell WR. Surface band bending and carrier dynamics in colloidal quantum dot solids. Nanoscale 2021; 13:17793-17806. [PMID: 34668501 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05436h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Band bending in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids has become important in driving charge carriers through devices. This is typically a result of band alignments at junctions in the device. Whether band bending is intrinsic to CQD solids, i.e. is band bending present at the surface-vacuum interface, has previously been unanswered. Here we use photoemission surface photovoltage measurements to show that depletion regions are present at the surface of n and p-type CQD solids with various ligand treatments (EDT, MPA, PbI2, MAI/PbI2). Using laser-pump photoemission-probe time-resolved measurements, we show that the timescale of carrier dynamics in the surface of CQD solids can vary over at least 6 orders of magnitude, with the fastest dynamics on the order of microseconds in PbS-MAI/PbI2 solids and on the order of seconds for PbS-MPA and PbS-PbI2. By investigating the surface chemistry of the solids, we find a correlation between the carrier dynamics timescales and the presence of oxygen contaminants, which we suggest are responsible for the slower dynamics due to deep trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pip C J Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nathan K Lewis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jack Chun-Ren Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ruben Ahumada-Lazo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Darren C J Neo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - Gregory F Pach
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Igor Pis
- Laboratorio TASC, IOM CNR, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S. S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mathieu G Silly
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, F91192 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Wendy R Flavell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Norton K, Kunstmann J, Ping L, Rakowski A, Wang C, Marsden AJ, Murtaza G, Zeng N, McAdams SG, Bissett MA, Haigh SJ, Derby B, Seifert G, Ke JCR, Lewis DJ. Correction: Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2843. [PMID: 30997006 PMCID: PMC6430013 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc90038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8SC04018D.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane Norton
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Jens Kunstmann
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Lu Ping
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Alexander Rakowski
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Chuchen Wang
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Alexander J Marsden
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Niting Zeng
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Simon G McAdams
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . .,School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Mark A Bissett
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Brian Derby
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Gotthard Seifert
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Jack Chun-Ren Ke
- Photon Science Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - David J Lewis
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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Norton K, Kunstmann J, Ping L, Rakowski A, Wang C, Marsden AJ, Murtaza G, Zeng N, McAdams SG, McAdams SJ, Bissett MA, Haigh SJ, Derby B, Seifert G, Ke JCR, Lewis DJ. Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1035-1045. [PMID: 30774899 PMCID: PMC6346407 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solventless thermolysis of molecular precursors followed by liquid phase exfoliation allows access to two-dimensional IV-VI semiconductor nanomaterials hitherto unreachable by a scalable processing pathway. Firstly, the use of metal dithiocarbamate precursors to produce bulk alloys in the series Pb1-x Sn x S (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) by thermolysis is demonstrated. The bulk powders are characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. It was found that there is a transition from cubic structures for the Pb-rich alloys including the end compound, PbS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) to layered orthorhombic structures for Sn-rich alloys and the end compound SnS (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0). A smooth elemental progression from lead-rich to tin-rich monochalcogenides across the series of materials is observed. Liquid phase exfoliation was applied to produce two dimensional (2D) nanosheets for a mixed Pb1-x Sn x S alloy (where x = 0.8) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using the synthetic bulk powder as starting material. The nanosheet products were characterized by SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM). First principle calculations of Pb1-x Sn x S alloys show that the Sn content x modifies the size of the band gap by several 100 meV and that x changes the gap type from indirect in SnS to direct in Pb0.2Sn0.8S. These results are supported by UV-Vis spectroscopy of exfoliated Pb0.2Sn0.8S. The method employed demonstrates a new, scalable, processing pathway which can potentially be used to synthesize a range of synthetic layered structures that can be exfoliated to as-yet unaccessed 2D materials with tunable electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane Norton
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
| | - Jens Kunstmann
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Lu Ping
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
| | - Alexander Rakowski
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Chuchen Wang
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
| | - Alexander J Marsden
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Niting Zeng
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
| | | | - Simon J McAdams
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL . .,School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Mark A Bissett
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL . .,National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL
| | - Brian Derby
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
| | - Gotthard Seifert
- Theoretische Chemie , Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | | | - David J Lewis
- School of Materials University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , UK M13 9PL .
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Chun-Ren Ke J, Walton AS, Lewis DJ, Tedstone A, O'Brien P, Thomas AG, Flavell WR. In situ investigation of degradation at organometal halide perovskite surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at realistic water vapour pressure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5231-5234. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy enables the study of the reaction of in situ-prepared methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite at realistic water vapour pressures for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Chun-Ren Ke
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Alex S. Walton
- Photon Science Institute
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
| | - David J. Lewis
- School of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Andrew G. Thomas
- Photon Science Institute
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Wendy R. Flavell
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester
- UK
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