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Kelty J, Kovalchuk N, Uwimana E, Yin L, Ding X, Van Winkle L. In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L308-L328. [PMID: 35853015 PMCID: PMC9423729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00349.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenance within differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cell cultures (human bronchial; human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal), isolated airway epithelial cells (human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal; rhesus bronchial), and ex vivo microdissected airways (rhesus and mouse) by measuring gene expression, glutathione content, and naphthalene metabolism. Glutathione levels and detoxification gene transcripts were measured after 1-h exposure to 80 µM naphthalene (a bioactivated toxicant) or reactive naphthoquinone metabolites. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme transcript levels were maintained in ALI cultures from all species relative to source tissues, while cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene expression declined. Notable species differences among the models included a 40-fold lower total glutathione content for mouse ALI trachea cells relative to human and rhesus; a higher rate of naphthalene metabolism in mouse ALI cultures for naphthalene-glutathione formation (100-fold over rhesus) and naphthalene-dihydrodiol production (10-fold over human); and opposite effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone exposure in some models-glutathione was depleted in rhesus tissue but rose in mouse ALI samples. The responses of an immortalized bronchial cell line to naphthalene and naphthoquinones were inconsistent with those of human ALI cultures. These findings of preserved species differences and the altered balance of phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism among the characterized in vitro models should be considered for future pulmonary toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Kelty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric Uwimana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lei Yin
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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Deeb-Sossa N, Manzo RD, Kelty J, Aranda A. Community-responsive scholar-activist research: conceptualizing capacity building and sustainability in a Northern California community-university partnership. J Community Pract 2022; 30:71-83. [PMID: 37920749 PMCID: PMC10621030 DOI: 10.1080/10705422.2022.2033375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We critically examine the ongoing development of a collaborative, responsive, activist research process between academics and farmworkers. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with community-based researchers and scholar-activists, we assess our team's understanding of community capacity building and research sustainability as the conceptual and operational definitions of these concepts lack academic consensus. The definitions we present reflect a 12-year effort to respond to community needs through interdisciplinary research, planning, and action. Our community-university team's evolving understanding of community capacity building and research sustainability is contextualized by our community-driven, community-responsive, and collaborative process. We discuss strengths and limitations encountered when conducting community-responsive, scholar-activist research and conclude by offering the lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa D. Manzo
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Jacklyn Kelty
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Kovalchuk N, Zhang QY, Kelty J, Van Winkle L, Ding X. Toxicokinetic Interaction between Hepatic Disposition and Pulmonary Bioactivation of Inhaled Naphthalene Studied Using Cyp2abfgs-Null and CYP2A13/2F1-Humanized Mice with Deficient Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1469-1478. [PMID: 31594800 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using Cyp2abfgs-null (lacking all genes of the Cyp2a, 2b, 2f, 2g, and 2s subfamilies), CYP2A13/2F1-humanized, and liver-Cpr-null (LCN) mice showed that although hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are essential for systemic clearance of inhaled naphthalene (a possible human carcinogen), both hepatic and extrahepatic P450 enzymes may contribute to naphthalene-induced lung toxicity via bioactivation. Herein, we aimed to further understand the toxicokinetics of inhaled naphthalene in order to provide a basis for predicting the effects of variations in rates of xenobiotic disposition on the extent of target tissue bioactivation. We assessed the impact of a hepatic deficit in naphthalene metabolism on the toxicokinetics of inhaled naphthalene using newly generated Cyp2abfgs-null-and-LCN and CYP2A13/2F1-humanized-and-LCN mice. We determined plasma, lung, and liver levels of naphthalene and naphthalene-glutathione conjugate, a biomarker of naphthalene bioactivation, over time after naphthalene inhalation. We found that the loss of hepatic naphthalene metabolism severely decreased naphthalene systemic clearance and caused naphthalene to accumulate in the liver and other tissues. Naphthalene release from tissue, as evidenced by the continued increase in plasma naphthalene levels after termination of active inhalation exposure, was accompanied by prolonged bioactivation of naphthalene in the lung. In addition, transgenic expression of human CYP2A13/2F1 in the respiratory tract caused a reduction in plasma naphthalene levels (by 40%, relative to Cyp2abfgs-null-and-LCN mice) and corresponding decreases in naphthalene-glutathione levels in the lung in mice with hepatic P450 deficiency, despite the increase in local naphthalene-bioactivating P450 activity. Thus, the bioavailability of naphthalene in the target tissue has a significant effect on the extent of naphthalene bioactivation in the lung. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, we report several novel findings related to the toxicokinetics of inhaled naphthalene, the ability of which to cause lung carcinogenesis in humans is a current topic for risk assessment. We show the accumulation of naphthalene in the liver and lung in mice with compromised hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) activity; the ability of tissue-stored naphthalene to redistribute to the circulation after termination of active inhalation exposure, prolonging exposure of target tissues to naphthalene; and the ability of non-CYP2ABFGS enzymes of the lung to bioactivate naphthalene. These results suggest potentially large effects of deficiencies in hepatic P450 activity on naphthalene tissue burden and bioactivation in human lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (N.K., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (N.K., Q.-Y.Z.); Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (J.K., L.V.W.); and College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (X.D.)
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (N.K., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (N.K., Q.-Y.Z.); Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (J.K., L.V.W.); and College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (X.D.)
| | - Jacklyn Kelty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (N.K., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (N.K., Q.-Y.Z.); Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (J.K., L.V.W.); and College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (X.D.)
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (N.K., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (N.K., Q.-Y.Z.); Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (J.K., L.V.W.); and College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (X.D.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (N.K., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (N.K., Q.-Y.Z.); Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (J.K., L.V.W.); and College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (X.D.)
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