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Kloesch B, Ionasz V, Paliwal S, Hruschka N, Martinez de Villarreal J, Öllinger R, Mueller S, Dienes HP, Schindl M, Gruber ES, Stift J, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Lomberk GA, Seidler B, Saur D, Rad R, Urrutia RA, Real FX, Martinelli P. A GATA6-centred gene regulatory network involving HNFs and ΔNp63 controls plasticity and immune escape in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2022; 71:766-777. [PMID: 33846140 PMCID: PMC9733634 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular taxonomy of tumours is the foundation of personalised medicine and is becoming of paramount importance for therapeutic purposes. Four transcriptomics-based classification systems of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exist, which consistently identified a subtype of highly aggressive PDACs with basal-like features, including ΔNp63 expression and loss of the epithelial master regulator GATA6. We investigated the precise molecular events driving PDAC progression and the emergence of the basal programme. DESIGN We combined the analysis of patient-derived transcriptomics datasets and tissue samples with mechanistic experiments using a novel dual-recombinase mouse model for Gata6 deletion at late stages of KRasG12D-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis (Gata6LateKO). RESULTS This comprehensive human-to-mouse approach showed that GATA6 loss is necessary, but not sufficient, for the expression of ΔNp63 and the basal programme in patients and in mice. The concomitant loss of HNF1A and HNF4A, likely through epigenetic silencing, is required for the full phenotype switch. Moreover, Gata6 deletion in mice dramatically increased the metastatic rate, with a propensity for lung metastases. Through RNA-Seq analysis of primary cells isolated from mouse tumours, we show that Gata6 inhibits tumour cell plasticity and immune evasion, consistent with patient-derived data, suggesting that GATA6 works as a barrier for acquiring the fully developed basal and metastatic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides both a mechanistic molecular link between the basal phenotype and metastasis and a valuable preclinical tool to investigate the most aggressive subtype of PDAC. These data, therefore, are important for understanding the pathobiological features underlying the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer in both mice and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kloesch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Vivien Ionasz
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Sumit Paliwal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natascha Hruschka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Dienes
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schindl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Elisabeth S Gruber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center and Division of Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center and Division of Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciènces Experimental i de la Salut, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
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Vangala D, Ladigan S, Liffers ST, Noseir S, Maghnouj A, Götze TM, Verdoodt B, Klein-Scory S, Godfrey L, Zowada MK, Huerta M, Edelstein DL, de Villarreal JM, Marqués M, Kumbrink J, Jung A, Schiergens T, Werner J, Heinemann V, Stintzing S, Lindoerfer D, Mansmann U, Pohl M, Teschendorf C, Bernhardt C, Wolters H, Stern J, Usta S, Viebahn R, Admard J, Casadei N, Fröhling S, Ball CR, Siveke JT, Glimm H, Tannapfel A, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA. Secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapy by transcriptional reprogramming in patient-derived colorectal cancer models. Genome Med 2021; 13:116. [PMID: 34271981 PMCID: PMC8283888 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of secondary resistance (SR) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibodies is not fully understood at the molecular level. Here we tested in vivo selection of anti-EGFR SR tumors in CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models as a strategy for a molecular dissection of SR mechanisms. METHODS We analyzed 21 KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PI3K wildtype CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for their anti-EGFR sensitivity. Furthermore, 31 anti-EGFR SR tumors were generated via chronic in vivo treatment with cetuximab. A multi-omics approach was employed to address molecular primary and secondary resistance mechanisms. Gene set enrichment analyses were used to uncover SR pathways. Targeted therapy of SR PDX models was applied to validate selected SR pathways. RESULTS In vivo anti-EGFR SR could be established with high efficiency. Chronic anti-EGFR treatment of CRC PDX tumors induced parallel evolution of multiple resistant lesions with independent molecular SR mechanisms. Mutations in driver genes explained SR development in a subgroup of CRC PDX models, only. Transcriptional reprogramming inducing anti-EGFR SR was discovered as a common mechanism in CRC PDX models frequently leading to RAS signaling pathway activation. We identified cAMP and STAT3 signaling activation, as well as paracrine and autocrine signaling via growth factors as novel anti-EGFR secondary resistance mechanisms. Secondary resistant xenograft tumors could successfully be treated by addressing identified transcriptional changes by tailored targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that SR PDX tumors provide a unique platform to study molecular SR mechanisms and allow testing of multiple treatments for efficient targeting of SR mechanisms, not possible in the patient. Importantly, it suggests that the development of anti-EGFR tolerant cells via transcriptional reprogramming as a cause of anti-EGFR SR in CRC is likely more prevalent than previously anticipated. It emphasizes the need for analyses of SR tumor tissues at a multi-omics level for a comprehensive molecular understanding of anti-EGFR SR in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Vangala
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Swetlana Ladigan
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven T Liffers
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Present Address Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Soha Noseir
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tina-Maria Götze
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Klein-Scory
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Godfrey
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina K Zowada
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Huerta
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Miriam Marqués
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM) Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Lindoerfer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Heiner Wolters
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Josef Stern
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Selami Usta
- Department of Visceral and General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Richard Viebahn
- Department of Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Deptartment of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, NCT Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, NCT Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany.
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Cáceres M, Quesada R, Iglesias M, Real FX, Villamonte M, de Villarreal JM, Pérez M, Andaluz A, Moll X, Berjano E, Dorcaratto D, Sánchez-Velázquez P, Grande L, Burdío F. Publisher Correction: Pancreatic duct ligation reduces premalignant pancreatic lesions in a Kras model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5425. [PMID: 33654171 PMCID: PMC7925577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cáceres
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Quesada
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Martinez de Villarreal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Andaluz
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Berjano
- BioMIT, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Luís Grande
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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