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Broman KK, Hughes TM, Dossett LA, Sun J, Carr MJ, Kirichenko DA, Sharma A, Bartlett EK, Nijhuis AA, Thompson JF, Hieken TJ, Kottschade L, Downs J, Gyorki DE, Stahlie E, van Akkooi A, Ollila DW, Frank J, Song Y, Karakousis G, Moncrieff M, Nobes J, Vetto J, Han D, Farma J, Deneve JL, Fleming MD, Perez M, Baecher K, Lowe M, Bagge RO, Mattsson J, Lee AY, Berman RS, Chai H, Kroon HM, Teras RM, Teras J, Farrow NE, Beasley GM, Hui JY, Been L, Kruijff S, Boulware D, Sarnaik AA, Sondak VK, Zager JS. Surveillance of Sentinel Node-Positive Melanoma Patients with Reasons for Exclusion from MSLT-II: Multi-Institutional Propensity Score Matched Analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 232:424-431. [PMID: 33316427 PMCID: PMC8764869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma, two randomized trials demonstrated equivalent melanoma-specific survival with nodal surveillance vs completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Patients with microsatellites, extranodal extension (ENE) in the SLN, or >3 positive SLNs constitute a high-risk group largely excluded from the randomized trials, for whom appropriate management remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN SLN-positive patients with any of the three high-risk features were identified from an international cohort. CLND patients were matched 1:1 with surveillance patients using propensity scores. Risk of any-site recurrence, SLN-basin-only recurrence, and melanoma-specific mortality were compared. RESULTS Among 1,154 SLN-positive patients, 166 had ENE, microsatellites, and/or >3 positive SLN. At 18.5 months median follow-up, 49% had recurrence (vs 26% in patients without high-risk features, p < 0.01). Among high-risk patients, 52 (31%) underwent CLND and 114 (69%) received surveillance. Fifty-one CLND patients were matched to 51 surveillance patients. The matched cohort was balanced on tumor, nodal, and adjuvant treatment factors. There were no significant differences in any-site recurrence (CLND 49%, surveillance 45%, p = 0.99), SLN-basin-only recurrence (CLND 6%, surveillance 14%, p = 0.20), or melanoma-specific mortality (CLND 14%, surveillance 12%, p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS SLN-positive patients with microsatellites, ENE, or >3 positive SLN constitute a high-risk group with a 2-fold greater recurrence risk. For those managed with nodal surveillance, SLN-basin recurrences were more frequent, but all-site recurrence and melanoma-specific mortality were comparable to patients treated with CLND. Most recurrences were outside the SLN-basin, supporting use of nodal surveillance for SLN-positive patients with microsatellites, ENE, and/or >3 positive SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy K Broman
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
| | - Tasha M Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lesly A Dossett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James Sun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael J Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Avinash Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Edmund K Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda Ag Nijhuis
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Kottschade
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer Downs
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Stahlie
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander van Akkooi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David W Ollila
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jill Frank
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Marc Moncrieff
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Nobes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - John Vetto
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Dale Han
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jeffrey Farma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeremiah L Deneve
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Martin D Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Matthew Perez
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Michael Lowe
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Mattsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Harvey Chai
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hidde M Kroon
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roland M Teras
- Surgery Clinic, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Juri Teras
- Surgery Clinic, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Jane Yc Hui
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lukas Been
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Boulware
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Stewart J, Breslin WJ, Beyer BK, Chadwick K, De Schaepdrijver L, Desai M, Enright B, Foster W, Hui JY, Moffat GJ, Tornesi B, Van Malderen K, Wiesner L, Chen CL. Birth Control in Clinical Trials: Industry Survey of Current Use Practices, Governance, and Monitoring. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2015; 50:155-168. [PMID: 27042398 PMCID: PMC4766962 DOI: 10.1177/2168479015608415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Technical Committee sponsored a pharmaceutical industry survey on current industry practices for contraception use during clinical trials. The objectives of the survey were to improve our understanding of the current industry practices for contraception requirements in clinical trials, the governance processes set up to promote consistency and/or compliance with contraception requirements, and the effectiveness of current contraception practices in preventing pregnancies during clinical trials. Opportunities for improvements in current practices were also considered. The survey results from 12 pharmaceutical companies identified significant variability among companies with regard to contraception practices and governance during clinical trials. This variability was due primarily to differences in definitions, areas of scientific uncertainty or misunderstanding, and differences in company approaches to enrollment in clinical trials. The survey also revealed that few companies collected data in a manner that would allow a retrospective understanding of the reasons for failure of birth control during clinical trials. In this article, suggestions are made for topics where regulatory guidance or scientific publications could facilitate best practice. These include provisions for a pragmatic definition of women of childbearing potential, guidance on how animal data can influence the requirements for male and female birth control, evidence-based guidance on birth control and pregnancy testing regimes suitable for low- and high-risk situations, plus practical methods to ascertain the risk of drug-drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stewart
- AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - W J Breslin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B K Beyer
- Sanofi U.S. Inc, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - K Chadwick
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - M Desai
- AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - W Foster
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Y Hui
- Celgene Corp, Summit, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - K Van Malderen
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Wiesner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - C L Chen
- ILSI-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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