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Thangaraj S, Kim HR, Heo JM, Son S, Ryu J, Park JW, Kim JH, Kim SY, Jung HK, Kim IN. Unraveling prokaryotic diversity distribution and functional pattern on nitrogen and methane cycling in the subtropical Western North Pacific Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 196:115569. [PMID: 37922593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prokaryotes play an important role in marine nitrogen and methane cycles. However, their community changes and metabolic modifications to the concurrent impact of ocean warming (OW), acidification (OA), deoxygenation (OD), and anthropogenic‑nitrogen-deposition (AND) from the surface to the deep ocean remains unknown. We examined here the amplicon sequencing approach across the surface (0-200 m; SL), intermediate (200-1000 m; IL), and deep layers (1000-2200 m; DL), and characterized the simultaneous impacts of OW, OA, OD, and AND on the Western North Pacific Ocean prokaryotic changes and their functional pattern in nitrogen and methane cycles. Results showed that SL possesses higher ammonium oxidation community/metabolic composition assumably the reason for excess nitrogen input from AND and modification of their kinetic properties to OW adaptation. Expanding OD at IL showed hypoxic conditions in the oxygen minimum layer, inducing higher microbial respiration that elevates the dimerization of nitrification genes for higher nitrous oxide production. The aerobic methane-oxidation composition was dominant in SL presumably the reason for adjustment in prokaryotic optimal temperature to OW, while anaerobic oxidation composition was dominant at IL due to the evolutionary changes coupling with higher nitrification. Our findings refocus on climate-change impacts on the open ocean ecosystem from the surface to the deep-environment integrating climate-drivers as key factors for higher nitrous-oxide and methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeswaran Thangaraj
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel; Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Hyo-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Mu Heo
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Son
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) / Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, USA
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Park
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Kun Jung
- Environment and Fisheries Resources Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Il-Nam Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Heo JM, Kim SS, Kang SH, Yang EJ, Park KT, Jung J, Cho KH, Kim JH, Macdonald AM, Yoon JE, Kim HR, Eom SM, Lim JH, Kim IN. N 2O dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean during the summer of 2017. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12589. [PMID: 34131240 PMCID: PMC8206351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The western Arctic Ocean (WAO) has experienced increased heat transport into the region, sea-ice reduction, and changes to the WAO nitrous oxide (N2O) cycles from greenhouse gases. We investigated WAO N2O dynamics through an intensive and precise N2O survey during the open-water season of summer 2017. The effects of physical processes (i.e., solubility and advection) were dominant in both the surface (0–50 m) and deep layers (200–2200 m) of the northern Chukchi Sea with an under-saturation of N2O. By contrast, both the surface layer (0–50 m) of the southern Chukchi Sea and the intermediate (50–200 m) layer of the northern Chukchi Sea were significantly influenced by biogeochemically derived N2O production (i.e., through nitrification), with N2O over-saturation. During summer 2017, the southern region acted as a source of atmospheric N2O (mean: + 2.3 ± 2.7 μmol N2O m−2 day−1), whereas the northern region acted as a sink (mean − 1.3 ± 1.5 μmol N2O m−2 day−1). If Arctic environmental changes continue to accelerate and consequently drive the productivity of the Arctic Ocean, the WAO may become a N2O “hot spot”, and therefore, a key region requiring continued observations to both understand N2O dynamics and possibly predict their future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Mu Heo
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Seong-Su Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jung
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Cho
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, South Korea
| | - Alison M Macdonald
- Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 21, 266 Woods Hold Rd., Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Joo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Eom
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lim
- Fisheries Resources and Environmental Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, 25435, South Korea
| | - Il-Nam Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
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Kim S, Kim JH, Lim JH, Jeong JH, Heo JM, Kim IN. Distribution and Control of Bacterial Community Composition in Marian Cove Surface Waters, King George Island, Antarctica during the Summer of 2018. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081115. [PMID: 32722258 PMCID: PMC7464920 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marian Cove is experiencing some of the most rapid environmental changes in the Antarctic region; however, little is known about the response of bacterial communities to these changes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial variation of physical‒biogeochemical‒bacterial community features in the Marian Cove surface waters and the environmental parameters governing the spatial variation in the bacterial community composition during the summer of 2018. The Marian Cove surface waters are largely composed of two different characteristics of water masses: relatively low-temperature, -salinity, and -nutrient surface glacier water (named SGW) and relatively high-temperature, -salinity, and -nutrient surface Maxwell Bay water (named SMBW). The SGW bacterial communities were dominated by unclassified Cryomorphaceae, Sedimenticola, and Salibacter genera, while the SMBW bacterial communities were dominated by Sulfitobacter, Arcobacter, and Odoribacter genera. Spatial variations in bacterial community composition were mainly attributed to physical and biogeochemical characteristics, suggesting that the bacterial community composition of the Marian Cove surface waters is mainly determined by environmental characteristics. These findings provide a foundation to improve the understanding of bacterial community variations in response to a rapidly changing Marian Cove in the Antarctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (I.-N.K.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Lim
- Fisheries Resources and Environmental Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung 25435, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Korea National Ocean Science Museum, Uljin 36315, Korea;
| | - Jang-Mu Heo
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Il-Nam Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-M.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (I.-N.K.)
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Kim E, Rew HJ, Shin TK, Cho HM, Wickramasuriya SS, Yi YJ, Jeong J, Choi I, Heo JM. Standard Body Weight and Serum Estradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Response to Total Lysine Content in Female Broiler Breeders from 14 to 42 Days after Hatch. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - HJ Rew
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - TK Shin
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - HM Cho
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | | | - YJ Yi
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - I Choi
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - JM Heo
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
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Yoo J, Yi YJ, Wickramasuriya SS, Kim E, Shin TK, Cho HM, Kim N, Heo JM. Evaluation of sulphur amino acid requirement of male Korean native ducklings from hatch to 21 day of age. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:272-277. [PMID: 28100065 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1280722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. A dose-response experiment was conducted with male Korean native ducklings (KND) to evaluate the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirement from hatch to 21 d of age. 2. A completely randomised design with 7 dietary TSAA concentrations (0.62%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.71%, 0.74%, 0.77% and 0.80%) were used with 6 replications per treatment. 3. Body weight (BW) and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). One duckling per pen (n = 6) was killed by cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the conclusion of experiment. 4. BW was improved significantly with increasing TSAA content, in a non-linear manner. A significant decrease of FCR was shown with increasing TSAA contents. TSAA requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both a linear-plateau and a quadratic-plateau model. Estimated TSAA requirements were 0.70%, 0.70%, 0.66% and 0.70% for the maximum BW, ADG and ADFI and for the minimum FCR, respectively. Increasing TSAA content improved quantity of full body weight (FBW), empty body weight (EBW) and drumstick weight (DSW), but there was no effect on proportion of DSW in relation to EBW and proportion of EBW to FBW. 5. In conclusion, the growth of male KND during 1 to 21 d of age was improved with increasing TSAA content, suggesting optimal TSAA requirements estimated by two analysis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yoo
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - Y J Yi
- b Division of Biotechnology , Chonbuk National University , Iksan 54596 , South Korea
| | - S S Wickramasuriya
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - E Kim
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - T K Shin
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - H M Cho
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - N Kim
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - J M Heo
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
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Adhikari PA, Heo JM, Nyachoti CM. True and standardized total tract phosphorus digestibility in canola meals from Brassica napus black and Brassica juncea yellow fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:209-16. [PMID: 25568369 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine the true total tract digestibility (TTTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in canola meals from Brassica napus black (BNB) and Brassica juncea yellow (BJY) fed to growing pigs. Fifty-four barrows with an initial BW of 19.9 ± 0.22 kg (mean ± SEM) were allocated in 3 consecutive blocks to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design to give 6 replicate pigs per diet. Dietary treatments were cornstarch based with increasing concentrations of P, that is, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.3 g/kg (as-fed basis) from either BNB or BJY as the sole source of P and a gelatin-based P-free diet. Limestone was added to maintain a Ca:total P ratio of 1.2:1 in all diets. All diets contained titanium dioxide (3 g/kg) as an indigestible marker. Daily feed allowance was calculated to supply 2.6 times the maintenance energy requirement based on the BW at the beginning of each period and offered in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1600 h as a dry mash. Pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed experimental diets for 16 d, including 9 d for adaptation to feed and 5 d for total but separate collection of feces and urine. The apparent total tract digestibility values of P increased from 19.0 to 30.0% for BNB and from 17.3 to 28.3% for BJY as the dietary P content increased from 0.8 to 3.3 g/kg DM. The TTTD of P was determined using the regression analysis as dietary P content increased from 0.8 to 3.3 g/kg whereas the STTD of P was calculated for the diet with the highest P content (i.e., 3.3 g/kg, as-fed basis) using the P-free diet to estimate endogenous P losses (EPL). The total and basal EPL estimates obtained with regression analysis and the P-free diet were 665 ± 0.03 and 209 ± 96 mg/kg DMI, respectively. The TTTD of P was 33.3 and 32.0% in BNB and BJY, respectively. Respective STTD values were 31.0 and 28.3%. The results indicated that the TTTD and STTD of P were comparable in the 2 canola meals from BNB and BJY canola.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Adhikari
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - J M Heo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2 Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea 305-764
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
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Velayudhan DE, Heo JM, Nyachoti CM. Net energy content of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed with or without enzyme supplementation to growing pigs as determined by indirect calorimetry. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3402-9. [PMID: 26440009 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the NE content of dry extruded-expelled soybean (DESBM) and the effect of a multienzyme carbohydrase (MC) mixture on the NE content of DESBM and to determine the effect of diet design on NE values in growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). In Exp. 1, 24 barrows (19.6 ± 0.51 kg BW) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 4 dietary treatments: a corn–soybean meal basal diet (Diet A), a diet containing Diet A and DESBM in an 80:20 ratio with a constant CP (Diet B), a diet with an 80:20 ratio of Diet A and DESBM with a constant corn:soybean meal ratio (Diet C), and a diet with simple substitution of Diet A with DESBM in an 80:20 ratio (Diet D). Pigs were fed in metabolism crates for a period of 16 d to determine the DE and ME and thereafter were moved into an indirect calorimeter where O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured to determine heat production and fasting heat production. The NE content of DESBM was calculated (difference method) to be 2,632, 2,548 and 2,540 kcal/kg DM in diets B, C, and D, respectively. Respective values obtained with published prediction equations were 2,624, 2,530 and 2,436 kcal/kg. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (16.9 ± 0.76 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments. The diets were a corn–soybean meal basal diet and a diet containing the basal diet and DESBM in an 80:20 ratio with a constant corn:soybean meal ratio with or without 2 levels (0.05% and 0.1%) of MC. The experimental procedures were similar to those described in Exp. 1. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.0001) the DE, ME, and NE content of the DESBM. Multienzyme carbohydrase at 0.05% and 0.1% of the diet improved NE values of DESBM by 4.9% and 3.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the NE values of DESBM obtained with the IC method were higher than the values obtained with prediction equations; the disparity was least when diets were formulated with a constant CP level. However, as the difference method was used to determine the NE of ingredient, it is more appropriate to maintain a constant ratio between the ingredients. Also, the NE value of DESBM obtained for diets C and D were not different. Hence, the average NE value of DESBM evaluated was 2,544 kcal/kg DM. Enzyme supplementation improved the NE content of DESBM fed to growing pigs.
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Park NS, Cho CH, Heo JM, Song M, Yang BM, Lee HS, Lee SK. Effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and immune response of Korean native goats (Capra hircus). REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v28n2a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sanjayan N, Heo JM, Nyachoti CM. Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed diets with different levels of canola meal from Brassica napus black and Brassica juncea yellow. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3895-905. [PMID: 25057028 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient digestibility and the effect of high dietary inclusion of canola meals from Brassica napus black (BNB) and Brassica juncea yellow (BJY) on growing and weaned pigs performance were determined. In Exp.1, 6 ileal cannulated barrows (initial BW = 20.7 ± 1.5 kg) were used to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in BNB and BJY. Pigs were allotted to diets containing either BNB or BJY as the sole source of protein in a crossover design to give 6 replicates per diet. The SID of all AA in BNB and BJY were similar. In Exp. 2, 168 weaned pigs (initial BW = 7.61 ± 0.76 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to 7 diets (n = 24) consisting of a wheat-soybean meal-based control diet and 6 diets containing 5, 10 or 15% of canola meal derived from either BNB or BJY to determine the effect of different dietary inclusion on growth performance over a 28-d period postweaning. Diets were formulated to contain similar NE and SID of Lys. There were no differences in growth performance among treatments. In Exp. 3, 162 weaned pigs (initial BW = 7.26 ± 0.70 kg) were used to determine the effect of high BNB and BJY inclusion level without or with multicarbohydrase supplementation on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP, DM, and GE. A wheat-soybean meal-based control diet and 8 diets containing 20 and 25% of either BNB or BJY without or with added multi-carbohydrase were formulated (n = 18) to contain comparable NE and similar SID of Lys contents. Feeding the diets containing 25% of BNB or BJY supported similar growth performance as those containing 20%. The multi-carbohydrase had no effect on growth performance but improved (P < 0.05) the ATTD of DM, CP, and GE compared with those fed nonsupplemented diets irrespective of canola meal type. Diets containing 25% canola meal had lower (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM, CP, and GE regardless of canola meal type compared with the 20% canola meal diets. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between canola meal type and inclusion level on ATTD of DM in which ATTD of DM decreased with increasing inclusion of both canola meal types. Results of the current study indicate that both BNB and BJY can be included up to 25% in weaned pig diets without compromising performance as long as the diets are formulated on an NE and SID of Lys basis. Also, enzyme addition improved the ATTD of CP, DM, and GE in weaned pigs in both BNB and BJY diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sanjayan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J M Heo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Heo JM, Agyekum AK, Yin YL, Rideout TC, Nyachoti CM. Feeding a diet containing resistant potato starch influences gastrointestinal tract traits and growth performance of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3906-13. [PMID: 25057032 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effects of feeding resistant potato starch (RPS) as a natural source of resistant starch to weaned pigs for 28 d immediately after weaning. Sixty piglets (Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc) weaned at 21 ± 2 d (1:1 male:female) with an initial BW of 7.2 ± 0.78 kg were assigned in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 dietary treatments to give 6 observations per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a negative control corn-soybean meal-wheat-wheat middlings-based diet (NC; no antimicrobial agents added) or the NC supplemented with RPS either as powder or in capsules and each included at 0.5 or 1.0% as a top-dressing on each day. Diets were formulated to meet 1998 NRC specifications. Pigs were offered the experimental diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d and water was available at all times. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were determined weekly. Fecal score was determined daily for 14 d after weaning. At the conclusion of study, 1 pig from each pen was randomly selected and euthanized (n = 6 per treatment) to determine visceral organ weight, digesta pH, VFA, and ammonia N (NH3-N) concentrations. Resistant potato starch supplementation improved (P < 0.001) fecal score, and pigs offered 1.0% RPS had more solid feces (P < 0.05) than those offered 0.5% RPS during the first 14 d after weaning, independent of the form of RPS. Resistant potato starch supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) ileal and cecal digesta pH regardless of the levels of RPS or mode of delivery. The total VFA concentrations in cecal digesta were greater (P < 0.05) but the molar proportion of branched-chain fatty acids were lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the RPS-containing diets compared with those fed the NC, irrespective of the RPS levels or the form of RPS. However, there were no differences (P > 0.10) in visceral organ weights, growth performance, and digestibilities of DM, CP, Ca, and P among treatments. The results of this experiment indicate that supplementing a weaner pig diet with at least 0.5% RPS independent of mode of delivery has the potential to enhance outcomes characteristic of a functional gut in weaned pigs without adverse effects on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Heo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2 Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - A K Agyekum
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Y L Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - T C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
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Heo JM, Kiarie E, Kahindi RK, Maiti P, Woyengo TA, Nyachoti CM. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in egg from hyperimmunized hens fed to weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2013; 90 Suppl 4:239-41. [PMID: 23365342 DOI: 10.2527/jas.53983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in egg from hens hyperimmunized with Escherichia coli K88 antigens (EGG) fed to weaned pigs. Spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) was included for comparison. Eight barrows (Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc; initial BW of 17 ± 1 kg) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and fed 2 diets in a completely randomized design to give 4 replicates per diet. The diets were corn (Zea mays) starch based with either EGG or SDPP as the sole source of protein and were formulated to contain 130 g/kg CP. At the end of the study, a 50 g/kg casein diet was fed to all pigs (n = 8) to quantify endogenous N and AA losses to determine SID. Titanium dioxide (3 g/kg) was included in the diets as an indigestible maker. Each period lasted for 7 d. Pigs were adapted to their respective diets for 5 d followed by 12 h of continuous ileal digesta collection on days 6 and 7. Daily feed allowance was set at 4% BW at the beginning of each period and offered in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1600 h as a dry mash. Pigs had unlimited access to water via low pressure nipple drinkers. The AID (%) of CP and indispensable AA were lower (P < 0.05) in EGG compared with SDPP. The SID (%) of CP (82 vs. 96) and indispensable AA were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed EGG compared with SDPP. In conclusion, the average AID and SID of N and indispensable AA in EGG are lower than in SDPP when fed at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Heo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Heo JM, Opapeju FO, Pluske JR, Kim JC, Hampson DJ, Nyachoti CM. Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:207-37. [PMID: 22416941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used to promote piglet growth at weaning through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. There are, however, increasing concerns in relation to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the potential of these and associated resistance genes to impact on human health. As a consequence, European Union (EU) banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in swine and livestock production on 1 January 2006. Furthermore, minerals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are not feasible alternatives/replacements to antibiotics because their excretion is a possible threat to the environment. Consequently, there is a need to develop feeding programs to serve as a means for controlling problems associated with the weaning transition without using antimicrobial compounds. This review, therefore, is focused on some of nutritional strategies that are known to improve structure and function of gastrointestinal tract and (or) promote post-weaning growth with special emphasis on probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, trace minerals and dietary protein source and level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Heo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ha YC, Heo JM, Kim HJ, Go GM, Lee SJ, Jeong SH, Ahn SI, Kim MC, Kim JE, Song HY, Park JW, Kim BS, Sohn WM. Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2000; 38:41-3. [PMID: 10743359 PMCID: PMC2721107 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The infestation status of head louse among children attending primary schools and kindergartens in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea, was investigated between June and July 1999. Out of 2,288 children examined, 3.9% of boys (48/1,242) and 23.5% of girls (246/1,046) were infested with nits or adult/nymphs of lice. The effectiveness of lindane shampoo (1% gamma benzene hexachloride solution) was evaluated after one or two time applications to all the children infested. The negative conversion rate of pediculosis was 93.5%. Effective control measures are needed to control and prevent such ectoparasite infestation amongst children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ha
- Chinju Association of Public Health Doctors, Korea.
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