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Peršić V, Ament A, Antunović Dunić J, Drezner G, Cesar V. PEG-induced physiological drought for screening winter wheat genotypes sensitivity - integrated biochemical and chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:987702. [PMID: 36311092 PMCID: PMC9597320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen different winter wheat genotypes at the onset of metabolic changes induced by water deficit to comprehend possible adaptive features of photosynthetic apparatus function and structure to physiological drought. The drought treatment was the most influential variable affecting plant growth and relative water content, and genotype variability determined with what intensity varieties of winter wheat seedlings responded to water deficit. PEG-induced drought, as expected, changed phenomenological energy fluxes and the efficiency with which an electron is transferred to final PSI acceptors. Based on the effect size, fluorescence parameters were grouped to represent photochemical parameters, that is, the donor and acceptor side of PSII (PC1); the thermal phase of the photosynthetic process, or the electron flow around PSI, and the chain of electrons between PSII and PSI (PC2); and phenomenological energy fluxes per cross-section (PC3). Furthermore, four distinct clusters of genotypes were discerned based on their response to imposed physiological drought, and integrated analysis enabled an explanation of their reactions' specificity. The most reliable JIP-test parameters for detecting and comparing the drought impact among tested genotypes were the variable fluorescence at K, L, I step, and PITOT. To conclude, developing and improving screening methods for identifying and evaluating functional relationships of relevant characteristics that are useful for acclimation, acclimatization, and adaptation to different types of drought stress can contribute to the progress in breeding research of winter wheat drought-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Ament
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Georg Drezner
- Department of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Peršić V, Antunović Dunić J, Domjan L, Zellnig G, Cesar V. Time Course of Age-Linked Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency of Spirodela polyrhiza Exposed to Cadmium. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:872793. [PMID: 35693160 PMCID: PMC9175006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term assessment of adverse effects is essential for populations exposed to higher risk of environmental pollution. This study presents the time course of physiological and morphological changes attributed to cadmium, emphasizing age-linked differences in the susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza fronds exposed to different cadmium concentrations. A four-frond colony represented by mother, daughter, and granddaughter plants was exposed to cadmium concentrations for 6, 24, and 72 h to establish its effect on different generations of the great duckweed. The duration of cadmium exposure accounted for the most variation in chlorophyll content as the most influential variable, and after 72 h, frond responsiveness was a function of cadmium concentration. Carotenoid contents behaved slightly differently in fronds of different ages, with the oldest mother frond exhibiting accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that cadmium affects different photosynthetic electron transport segments relative to the frond's chloroplast structure level. Photosynthesis of mother fronds exposed to low cadmium and daughter fronds exposed to high cadmium was determined by the functionality of primary electron acceptance at the PSII level. Mother plants exposed to higher cadmium concentrations were characterized by closed and inactive reaction centers, dissipated energy outflux, and inhibited photosynthesis. Young fronds exposed to low and high cadmium concentrations were characterized by increased non-reducing reaction centers and thermal phase reduction, with activated dissipative mechanisms at high cadmium concentrations. Cadmium-induced changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were visible after 6 h of exposure to lowest concentrations, with gradual degradation of the thylakoid system as the fronds aged. Younger fronds responded to cadmium more dynamically through molecular, physiological, and anatomical changes and tolerated a more reduced electron transport chain under given conditions than older fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Domjan
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Malenica N, Dunić JA, Vukadinović L, Cesar V, Šimić D. Genetic Approaches to Enhance Multiple Stress Tolerance in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111760. [PMID: 34828366 PMCID: PMC8617808 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-stress effects on plant physiology and gene expression are being intensively studied lately, primarily in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where the effects of six stressors have simultaneously been documented. In maize, double and triple stress responses are obtaining more attention, such as simultaneous drought and heat or heavy metal exposure, or drought in combination with insect and fungal infestation. To keep up with these challenges, maize natural variation and genetic engineering are exploited. On one hand, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with multiple-stress tolerance are being identified by molecular breeding and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which then could be utilized for future breeding programs of more resilient maize varieties. On the other hand, transgenic approaches in maize have already resulted in the creation of many commercial double or triple stress resistant varieties, predominantly weed-tolerant/insect-resistant and, additionally, also drought-resistant varieties. It is expected that first generation gene-editing techniques, as well as recently developed base and prime editing applications, in combination with the routine haploid induction in maize, will pave the way to pyramiding more stress tolerant alleles in elite lines/varieties on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Lovro Vukadinović
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-515-521
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Mlinarić S, Antunović Dunić J, Skendrović Babojelić M, Cesar V, Lepeduš H. Differential accumulation of photosynthetic proteins regulates diurnal photochemical adjustments of PSII in common fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves. J Plant Physiol 2017; 209:1-10. [PMID: 27987432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular processes involved in photosystem II adaptation of woody species to diurnal changes in light and temperature conditions are still not well understood. Regarding this, here we investigated differences between young and mature leaves of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in photosynthetic performance as well as accumulation of the main photosynthetic proteins: light harvesting complex II, D1 protein and Rubisco large subunit. Investigated leaf types revealed different adjustment mechanisms to keep effective photosynthesis. Rather stable diurnal accumulation of light harvesting complex II in mature leaves enabled efficient excitation energy utilization (negative L-band) what triggered faster D1 protein degradation at high light. However, after photoinhibition, greater accumulation of D1 during the night enabled them faster recovery. So, the most photosynthetic parameters, as the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry, electron transport and overall photosynthetic efficiency in mature leaves successfully restored to their initial values at 1a.m. Reduced connectivity of light harvesting complexes II to its reaction centers (positive L-band) in young leaves increased dissipation of excess light causing less pressure to D1 and its slower degradation. Decreased electron transport in young leaves, due to reduced transfer beyond primary acceptor QA- most probably additionally induced degradation of Rubisco large subunit what consequently led to the stronger decrease of overall photosynthetic efficiency in young leaves at noon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Mlinarić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, L. Jägera 9, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Begović L, Mlinarić S, Antunović Dunić J, Katanić Z, Lončarić Z, Lepeduš H, Cesar V. Response of Lemna minor L. to short-term cobalt exposure: The effect on photosynthetic electron transport chain and induction of oxidative damage. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 175:117-26. [PMID: 27015565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two concentrations of cobalt (Co(2+)) on photosynthetic activity and antioxidative response in Lemna minor L. were assessed 24, 48 and 72h after the start of the exposure. Higher concentration of cobalt (1mM) induced growth inhibition while lower concentration (0.01mM) increased photosynthetic pigments content. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients revealed high sensitivity of photosystem II primary photochemistry to excess of Co(2+) especially at the higher concentration where decreased electron transport beyond primary quinone acceptor QA(-) and impaired function of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) was observed. Due to impairment of OEC, oxygen production was decreased at higher Co(2+) concentration. Activity of superoxide dismutase was mainly inhibited while lipid peroxidation increased, at both concentrations, indicating that cobalt-induced oxidative damage after short exposure and moreover, susceptibility of the membranes in the cell to cobalt toxicity. Results obtained in this study suggest possible application of used parameters as tools in assessment of early damage caused by metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Begović
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zorana Katanić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zdenko Lončarić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica kralja Petra Svačića 1d, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Lorenza Jägera 9, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vera Cesar
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Vojta L, Carić D, Cesar V, Antunović Dunić J, Lepeduš H, Kveder M, Fulgosi H. TROL-FNR interaction reveals alternative pathways of electron partitioning in photosynthesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10085. [PMID: 26041075 PMCID: PMC4455228 DOI: 10.1038/srep10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosynthesis, final electron transfer from ferredoxin to NADP(+) is accomplished by the flavo enzyme ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR). FNR is recruited to thylakoid membranes via integral membrane thylakoid rhodanase-like protein TROL. We address the fate of electrons downstream of photosystem I when TROL is absent. We have employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study free radical formation and electron partitioning in TROL-depleted chloroplasts. DMPO was used to detect superoxide anion (O2(.-)) formation, while the generation of other free radicals was monitored by Tiron. Chloroplasts from trol plants pre-acclimated to different light conditions consistently exhibited diminished O2(.-) accumulation. Generation of other radical forms was elevated in trol chloroplasts in all tested conditions, except for the plants pre-acclimated to high-light. Remarkably, dark- and growth light-acclimated trol chloroplasts were resilient to O2(.-) generation induced by methyl-viologen. We propose that the dynamic binding and release of FNR from TROL can control the flow of photosynthetic electrons prior to activation of the pseudo-cyclic electron transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vojta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dejana Carić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | | | - Marina Kveder
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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