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Harley J, Santosa MM, Ng CY, Grinchuk OV, Hor JH, Liang Y, Lim VJ, Tee WW, Ong DST, Ng SY. Telomere shortening induces aging-associated phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:341-360. [PMID: 37987889 PMCID: PMC10998800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of cellular aging. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are specialised protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The lack of in vitro aging models, particularly for the central nervous system (CNS), has impeded progress in understanding aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS using hiPSC (human induced pluripotent stem cell) technology. To achieve this, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSCs with a loss of telomerase function and shortened telomeres. Through directed differentiation, we generated motor neurons and astrocytes to investigate whether telomere shortening could lead to age-associated phenotypes. Our findings revealed that shortened telomeres induced age-associated characteristics in both motor neurons and astrocytes including increased cellular senescence, heightened inflammation, and elevated DNA damage. We also observed cell-type specific age-related morphology changes. Additionally, our study highlighted the fundamental role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. This study serves as a proof of concept that telomere shortening can effectively induce aging-associated phenotypes, thereby providing a valuable tool to investigate age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Valerie Jingwen Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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2
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Ahmed M, Spicer C, Harley J, Taylor JP, Hanna M, Patani R, Greensmith L. Amplifying the Heat Shock Response Ameliorates ALS and FTD Pathology in Mouse and Human Models. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6896-6915. [PMID: 37516663 PMCID: PMC10657827 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are now known as parts of a disease spectrum with common pathological features and genetic causes. However, as both conditions are clinically heterogeneous, patient groups may be phenotypically similar but pathogenically and genetically variable. Despite numerous clinical trials, there remains no effective therapy for these conditions, which, in part, may be due to challenges of therapy development in a heterogeneous patient population. Disruption to protein homeostasis is a key feature of different forms of ALS and FTD. Targeting the endogenous protein chaperone system, the heat shock response (HSR) may, therefore, be a potential therapeutic approach. We conducted a preclinical study of a known pharmacological amplifier of the HSR, called arimoclomol, in mice with a mutation in valosin-containing protein (VCP) which causes both ALS and FTD in patients. We demonstrate that amplification of the HSR ameliorates the ALS/FTD-like phenotype in the spinal cord and brain of mutant VCP mice and prevents neuronal loss, replicating our earlier findings in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS. Moreover, in human cell models, we demonstrate improvements in pathology upon arimoclomol treatment in mutant VCP patient fibroblasts and iPSC-derived motor neurons. Our findings suggest that targeting of the HSR may have therapeutic potential, not only in non-SOD1 ALS, but also for the treatment of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhoriam Ahmed
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Charlotte Spicer
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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3
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Ziff OJ, Harley J, Wang Y, Neeves J, Tyzack G, Ibrahim F, Skehel M, Chakrabarti AM, Kelly G, Patani R. Nucleocytoplasmic mRNA redistribution accompanies RNA binding protein mislocalization in ALS motor neurons and is restored by VCP ATPase inhibition. Neuron 2023; 111:3011-3027.e7. [PMID: 37480846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TDP-43. However, emerging evidence suggests more widespread mRNA and protein mislocalization. Here, we employed nucleocytoplasmic fractionation, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry to investigate the localization of mRNA and protein in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons (iPSMNs) from ALS patients with TARDBP and VCP mutations. ALS mutant iPSMNs exhibited extensive nucleocytoplasmic mRNA redistribution, RBP mislocalization, and splicing alterations. Mislocalized proteins exhibited a greater affinity for redistributed transcripts, suggesting a link between RBP mislocalization and mRNA redistribution. Notably, treatment with ML240, a VCP ATPase inhibitor, partially restored mRNA and protein localization in ALS mutant iPSMNs. ML240 induced changes in the VCP interactome and lysosomal localization and reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage. These findings emphasize the link between RBP mislocalization and mRNA redistribution in ALS motor neurons and highlight the therapeutic potential of VCP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Ziff
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
| | - Jasmine Harley
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR Research Entities, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yiran Wang
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Jacob Neeves
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Giulia Tyzack
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Fairouz Ibrahim
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Mark Skehel
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | | | - Gavin Kelly
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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4
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Awerbach J, Paoli C, Scott M, Doad G, Harley J, Graham D, Small M, Panjabi S, Reardon L. Treatment Patterns in Congenital Heart Disease Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results from a Real-World PAH-CHD Study in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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5
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Chooi WH, Ng CY, Ow V, Harley J, Ng W, Hor JH, Low KE, Malleret B, Xue K, Ng SY. Defined Alginate Hydrogels Support Spinal Cord Organoid Derivation, Maturation, and Modeling of Spinal Cord Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202342. [PMID: 36502337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the process of generating organoids, basement membrane extracts or Matrigel are often used to encapsulate cells but they are poorly defined and contribute to reproducibility issues. While defined hydrogels are increasingly used for organoid culture, the effects of replacing Matrigel with a defined hydrogel on neural progenitor growth, neural differentiation, and maturation within organoids are not well-explored. In this study, the use of alginate hydrogels as a Matrigel substitute in spinal cord organoid generation is explored. It is found that alginate encapsulation reduces organoid size variability by preventing organoid aggregation. Importantly, alginate supports neurogenesis and gliogenesis of the spinal cord organoids at a similar efficiency to Matrigel, with mature myelinated neurons observed by day 120. Furthermore, using alginate leads to lower expression of non-spinal markers such as FOXA2, suggesting better control over neural fate specification. To demonstrate the feasibility of using alginate-based organoid cultures as disease models, an isogenic pair of induced pluripotent stem cells discordant for the ALS-causing mutation TDP43G298S is used, where increased TDP43 mislocalization in the mutant organoids is observed. This study shows that alginate is an ideal substitute for Matrigel for spinal cord organoid derivation, especially when a xeno-free and fully defined 3D culture condition is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Winanto Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kay En Low
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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6
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Petrić Howe M, Crerar H, Neeves J, Harley J, Tyzack GE, Klein P, Ramos A, Patani R, Luisier R. Physiological intron retaining transcripts in the cytoplasm abound during human motor neurogenesis. Genome Res 2022; 32:1808-1825. [PMID: 36180233 PMCID: PMC9712626 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276898.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intron retention (IR) is now recognized as a dominant splicing event during motor neuron (MN) development; however, the role and regulation of intron-retaining transcripts (IRTs) localized to the cytoplasm remain particularly understudied. Here we show that IR is a physiological process that is spatiotemporally regulated during MN lineage restriction and that IRTs in the cytoplasm are detected in as many as 13% (n = 2297) of the genes expressed during this process. We identify a major class of cytoplasmic IRTs that are not associated with reduced expression of their own genes but instead show a high capacity for RNA-binding protein and miRNA occupancy. Finally, we show that ALS-causing VCP mutations lead to a selective increase in cytoplasmic abundance of this particular class of IRTs, which in turn temporally coincides with an increase in the nuclear expression level of predicted miRNA target genes. Altogether, our study identifies a previously unrecognized class of cytoplasmic intronic sequences with potential regulatory function beyond gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrić Howe
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Crerar
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Neeves
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Harley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia E Tyzack
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Klein
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6XA, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Ramos
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6XA, United Kingdom
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaëlle Luisier
- Idiap Research Institute, Genomics and Health Informatics, CH-1920 Martigny, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Nakamoto R, Barhouma R, Finnin B, Dunne J, Grummit D, Rodriguez-Mesa E, Harley J. Process Development and Manufacturing: AN OFF THE SHELF SOLUTION FOR THE CLOSED TRANSFER OF SAMPLE BETWEEN THE CLINIMACS PRODIGY AND MACSQUANT TYTO CARTRIDGES. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Muller Moran H, Maurice-Ventouris M, Alharbi M, Ahn B, Harley J, Lachapelle K. PAN-CANADIAN INITIATIVE ON FUNDAMENTAL COMPETENCIES FOR TRANSCATHETER CARDIAC SURGERY: A MODIFIED DELPHI CONSENSUS STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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9
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Verzat C, Harley J, Patani R, Luisier R. Image-based deep learning reveals the responses of human motor neurons to stress and VCP-related ALS. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12770. [PMID: 34595747 PMCID: PMC9298273 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although morphological attributes of cells and their substructures are recognised readouts of physiological or pathophysiological states, these have been relatively understudied in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. METHODS In this study, we integrate multichannel fluorescence high-content microscopy data with deep learning imaging methods to reveal-directly from unsegmented images-novel neurite-associated morphological perturbations associated with (ALS-causing) VCP-mutant human motor neurons (MNs). RESULTS Surprisingly, we reveal that previously unrecognised disease-relevant information is withheld in broadly used and often considered 'generic' biological markers of nuclei (DAPI) and neurons ( β III-tubulin). Additionally, we identify changes within the information content of ALS-related RNA binding protein (RBP) immunofluorescence imaging that is captured in VCP-mutant MN cultures. Furthermore, by analysing MN cultures exposed to different extrinsic stressors, we show that heat stress recapitulates key aspects of ALS. CONCLUSIONS Our study therefore reveals disease-relevant information contained in a range of both generic and more specific fluorescent markers and establishes the use of image-based deep learning methods for rapid, automated and unbiased identification of biological hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colombine Verzat
- Genomics and Health Informatics Group, Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Human Stem Cells and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Human Stem Cells and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raphaëlle Luisier
- Genomics and Health Informatics Group, Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
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10
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Harley J, Hagemann C, Serio A, Patani R. TDP-43 and FUS mislocalization in VCP mutant motor neurons is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of the VCP D2 ATPase domain. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab166. [PMID: 34396115 PMCID: PMC8361416 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins have been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) cause ALS and exhibit the hallmark nuclear-to-cytoplasmic mislocalization of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). However, the mechanism by which mutations in VCP lead to this mislocalization of RBPs remains incompletely resolved. To address this, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying VCP mutations. We first demonstrate reduced nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS) and splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) in VCP mutant motor neurons. Upon closer analysis, we also find these RBPs are mislocalized to motor neuron neurites themselves. To address the hypothesis that altered function of the D2 ATPase domain of VCP causes RBP mislocalization, we used pharmacological inhibition of this domain in control motor neurons and found this does not recapitulate RBP mislocalization phenotypes. However, D2 domain inhibition in VCP mutant motor neurons was able to robustly reverse mislocalization of both TDP-43 and FUS, in addition to partially relocalizing SFPQ from the neurites. Together these results argue for a gain-of-function of D2 ATPase in VCP mutant human motor neurons driving the mislocalization of TDP-43 and FUS. Our data raise the intriguing possibility of harnessing VCP D2 ATPase inhibitors in the treatment of VCP-related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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11
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Simone R, Javad F, Emmett W, Wilkins OG, Almeida FL, Barahona-Torres N, Zareba-Paslawska J, Ehteramyan M, Zuccotti P, Modelska A, Siva K, Virdi GS, Mitchell JS, Harley J, Kay VA, Hondhamuni G, Trabzuni D, Ryten M, Wray S, Preza E, Kia DA, Pittman A, Ferrari R, Manzoni C, Lees A, Hardy JA, Denti MA, Quattrone A, Patani R, Svenningsson P, Warner TT, Plagnol V, Ule J, de Silva R. MIR-NATs repress MAPT translation and aid proteostasis in neurodegeneration. Nature 2021; 594:117-123. [PMID: 34012113 PMCID: PMC7610982 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human genome expresses thousands of natural antisense transcripts (NAT) that can regulate epigenetic state, transcription, RNA stability or translation of their overlapping genes1,2. Here we describe MAPT-AS1, a brain-enriched NAT that is conserved in primates and contains an embedded mammalian-wide interspersed repeat (MIR), which represses tau translation by competing for ribosomal RNA pairing with the MAPT mRNA internal ribosome entry site3. MAPT encodes tau, a neuronal intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that stabilizes axonal microtubules. Hyperphosphorylated, aggregation-prone tau forms the hallmark inclusions of tauopathies4. Mutations in MAPT cause familial frontotemporal dementia, and common variations forming the MAPT H1 haplotype are a significant risk factor in many tauopathies5 and Parkinson's disease. Notably, expression of MAPT-AS1 or minimal essential sequences from MAPT-AS1 (including MIR) reduces-whereas silencing MAPT-AS1 expression increases-neuronal tau levels, and correlate with tau pathology in human brain. Moreover, we identified many additional NATs with embedded MIRs (MIR-NATs), which are overrepresented at coding genes linked to neurodegeneration and/or encoding IDPs, and confirmed MIR-NAT-mediated translational control of one such gene, PLCG1. These results demonstrate a key role for MAPT-AS1 in tauopathies and reveal a potentially broad contribution of MIR-NATs to the tightly controlled translation of IDPs6, with particular relevance for proteostasis in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Simone
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Faiza Javad
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Warren Emmett
- UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Inivata Ltd, Babraham, UK
| | - Oscar G Wilkins
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Filipa Lourenço Almeida
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Natalia Barahona-Torres
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Mazdak Ehteramyan
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Paola Zuccotti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Angelika Modelska
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Gurvir S Virdi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jamie S Mitchell
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victoria A Kay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geshanthi Hondhamuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Elisavet Preza
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Demis A Kia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John A Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Michela A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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12
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Harley J, Clarke BE, Patani R. The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040552. [PMID: 33918215 PMCID: PMC8066094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
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13
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Harley J, Hagemann C, Serio A, Patani R. FUS is lost from nuclei and gained in neurites of motor neurons in a human stem cell model of VCP-related ALS. Brain 2021; 143:e103. [PMID: 33253377 PMCID: PMC7805784 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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14
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Maldonado CA, Eyler Z, Pierce B, Matson L, Neal P, Richards H, Balthazor RL, Harley J, McHarg MG. A laminated energetic electrostatic analyzer for 0-5 keV charged particles. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:013303. [PMID: 32012596 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A compact electrostatic energy bandpass filter based on a laminated analyzer design has been developed to measure charged particle fluxes at energies ranging from 0 to 5 keV. The sensor head has been successfully tested against a low energy magnetically filtered plasma source and an ion beam source capable of producing energetic ions in the range of 100-1250 eV. Additionally, the instrument has demonstrated the ability to accurately measure negative spacecraft frame charging using a low Earth orbit plasma simulator. The effects of the spacecraft frame charging on the measured energy distribution measurements and the impact regarding the derived charged particle density and temperature parameters are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Maldonado
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Eyler
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - B Pierce
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - L Matson
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - P Neal
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - H Richards
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - R L Balthazor
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - J Harley
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - M G McHarg
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, USA
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15
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Soutar MPM, Kempthorne L, Miyakawa S, Annuario E, Melandri D, Harley J, O'Sullivan GA, Wray S, Hancock DC, Cookson MR, Downward J, Carlton M, Plun-Favreau H. AKT signalling selectively regulates PINK1 mitophagy in SHSY5Y cells and human iPSC-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8855. [PMID: 29891871 PMCID: PMC5995958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mutations within genes associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease allowed for the identification of PINK1/Parkin regulated mitophagy as an important pathway for the removal of damaged mitochondria. While recent studies suggest that AKT-dependent signalling regulates Parkin recruitment to depolarised mitochondria, little is known as to whether this can also regulate PINK1 mitochondrial accumulation and downstream mitophagy. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of AKT signalling decreases endogenous PINK1 accumulation in response to mitochondria depolarisation, subsequent Parkin recruitment, phosphorylation of ubiquitin, and ultimately mitophagy. Conversely, we show that upon stimulation of AKT signalling via insulin, the mitophagy pathway is increased in SHSY5Y cells. These data suggest that AKT signalling is an upstream regulator of PINK1 accumulation on damaged mitochondria. Importantly, we show that the AKT pathway also regulates endogenous PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P M Soutar
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Liam Kempthorne
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Shuichi Miyakawa
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Emily Annuario
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniela Melandri
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David C Hancock
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIH, Building 35, Room 1A116, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark Carlton
- CereVance Ltd. 418 Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Hélène Plun-Favreau
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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16
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Lynch DS, Loh SHY, Harley J, Noyce AJ, Martins LM, Wood NW, Houlden H, Plun-Favreau H. Nonsyndromic Parkinson disease in a family with autosomal dominant optic atrophy due to OPA1 mutations. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e188. [PMID: 28955727 PMCID: PMC5610041 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David S Lynch
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Samantha H Y Loh
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - L Miguel Martins
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience (D.S.L., J.H., N.W.W., H.H., H.P.-F.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit (S.H.Y.L., L.M.M.), Leicester, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (A.J.N.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; and Neurogenetics Laboratory (H.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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17
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Hall CE, Yao Z, Choi M, Tyzack GE, Serio A, Luisier R, Harley J, Preza E, Arber C, Crisp SJ, Watson PMD, Kullmann DM, Abramov AY, Wray S, Burley R, Loh SHY, Martins LM, Stevens MM, Luscombe NM, Sibley CR, Lakatos A, Ule J, Gandhi S, Patani R. Progressive Motor Neuron Pathology and the Role of Astrocytes in a Human Stem Cell Model of VCP-Related ALS. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1739-1749. [PMID: 28564594 PMCID: PMC5464993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neurons (MNs) and astrocytes (ACs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but their interaction and the sequence of molecular events leading to MN death remain unresolved. Here, we optimized directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into highly enriched (> 85%) functional populations of spinal cord MNs and ACs. We identify significantly increased cytoplasmic TDP-43 and ER stress as primary pathogenic events in patient-specific valosin-containing protein (VCP)-mutant MNs, with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Cumulatively, these cellular stresses result in synaptic pathology and cell death in VCP-mutant MNs. We additionally identify a cell-autonomous VCP-mutant AC survival phenotype, which is not attributable to the same molecular pathology occurring in VCP-mutant MNs. Finally, through iterative co-culture experiments, we uncover non-cell-autonomous effects of VCP-mutant ACs on both control and mutant MNs. This work elucidates molecular events and cellular interplay that could guide future therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Hall
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Zhi Yao
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Minee Choi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Giulia E Tyzack
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- Departments of Materials, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raphaelle Luisier
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1B 6BT, UK
| | - Jasmine Harley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elisavet Preza
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Charlie Arber
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sarah J Crisp
- Department of Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - P Marc D Watson
- Cerevance, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Department of Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Russell Burley
- Cerevance, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | | | | | - Molly M Stevens
- Departments of Materials, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1B 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher R Sibley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andras Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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18
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Gooriah R, Harley J. Neurological complications following bariatric surgery: A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy and dry Beri-Beri. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:715-716. [PMID: 28241945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gooriah
- Department of neurology, Hull Royal infirmary, Anlaby road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK.
| | - J Harley
- Department of neurology, Hull Royal infirmary, Anlaby road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
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19
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Girling SJ, Fraser MA, Richardson D, Harley J, Ireland JL, Naylor A, Milne E. An acute outbreak of equine dysautonomia (equine grass sickness) in a group of eight Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus [caballus] przewalskii). EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Girling
- Veterinary Department; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh Zoo; UK
| | - M. A. Fraser
- School of Life Sport and Social Science; Edinburgh Napier University; UK
| | - D. Richardson
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Highland Wildlife Park; Kincraig Kingussie UK
| | - J. Harley
- Strathspey Veterinary Centre; Granton on Spey; Highland UK
| | - J. L. Ireland
- Epidemiology Department; Centre for Preventive Medicine; Animal Health Trust; Kentford Newmarket UK
| | - A. Naylor
- Veterinary Department; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh Zoo; UK
| | - E. Milne
- Easter Bush Pathology; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Midlothian UK
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20
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Ade J, Harley J, Bradley P. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE, TIME-MOTION CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF VARIOUS SPEED ENDURANCE DRILLS IN ELITE YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS: SMALL SIDED GAMES VS GENERIC RUNNING. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093073.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Rasmussen A, Ice J, Li H, Grundahl K, Kelly J, Radfar L, Stone D, Hefner K, Anaya JM, Rohrer M, Houston G, Lewis D, Chodosh J, Harley J, Maier-Moore J, Montgomery C, Rhodus N, Farris D, Segal B, Lessard C, Scofield RH, Sivils K. THU0292 Comparison of the Aecg Sjogren’s Syndrome Classification Criteria to the Newly Proposed ACR Criteria in a Large, Carefully Characterized Sicca Cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Lockwood S, Moir S, Mottram P, Antonis P, Harley J, Ciavarella S, Meredith I. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis—12 Month Outcome Data from a Single Victorian Centre. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Lockwood S, Mottram P, Meredith I, Antonis P, Ciavarella S, Harley J, Moir S. TAVI Results in a Change in Cardiac Structure but not Function at 12 Months. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Dagleish MP, Stevenson K, Foster G, McLuckie J, Sellar M, Harley J, Evans J, Brownlow A. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Infection in a captive-bred kiang (Equus kiang). J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:372-7. [PMID: 21906752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Equids are considered highly resistant to mycobacterial infections and clinical cases have been described in domestic horses only. Mycobacterium bovis is the most common species reported, although a single report exists of disease due to definitively diagnosed infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in two domestic horses. This is the first report of a mycobacterial infection in a kiang (Equus kiang), or indeed any wild equid. The animal had chronic loss of condition and serum biochemical changes suggestive of liver disease and chronic infection. Further investigation showed a chronic granulomatous enteritis, lymphadenitis and hepatitis with focal granulomatous pneumonia due to systemic infection with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The distribution and severity of the lesions suggested that the route of infection was alimentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh EH26 OPZ, Scotland, UK.
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Harley J. Gulstonian Lectures on the Physiological Actions and Therapeutical Uses of Conium, Belladonna, and Hyoscyamus, Alone and in Combination with Opium. Br Med J 2011; 1:343-5. [PMID: 20745085 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.380.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Harley J. A Third Communication on the Endemic Hæmaturia of the South-Eastern Coast of Africa, with remarks on the Topical medication of the Bladder. Med Chir Trans 2011; 54:47-62.1. [PMID: 20896377 DOI: 10.1177/095952877105400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lockwood S, Meredith I, Antonis P, Harley J, Mottram P, Moir S. A009 Can TAVI Improve Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis? – A Single Centre Experience. Int J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(11)70015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lockwood S, Meredith I, Antonis P, Ciavarella S, Harley J, Mottram P, Moir S. Does Successful TAVI with CoreValve Have a Significant Impact on Cardiac Structure and Function at one Year? Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harley J, Luty S, Carter J, Mulder R, Joyce P. Elevated C-reactive protein in depression: a predictor of good long-term outcome with antidepressants and poor outcome with psychotherapy. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:625-6. [PMID: 19282426 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Harley
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S. Luty
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J. Carter
- Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - R. Mulder
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - P. Joyce
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Harley J, Roberts R, Joyce P, Mulder R, Luty S, Frampton C, Kennedy M. Orosomucoid influences the response to antidepressants in major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:531-5. [PMID: 19395425 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Orosomucoid, an acute phase protein, carries basic drugs including antidepressants in plasma. Elevated levels have been reported in patients with depression. It has yet to be established whether orosomucoid concentration influences antidepressant response. The orosomucoid gene (ORM1) is polymorphic and the protein isoforms have differing pharmacokinetic properties which could alter plasma profile and blood brain barrier transport of antidepressants. Outpatients (n = 157) in a randomised control trial of fluoxetine versus nortriptyline were genotyped for the ORM1 variants. Plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins were also measured. Outcomes were the completion of an adequate six week trial of antidepressant and response. Response was defined as an improvement >/=60% on the Montgomery-Asperg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) over six weeks. The first notable finding was that individuals with an ORM1*S/*S genotype were less likely to complete an adequate six week trial of an antidepressant (OR = 4.707, 95% CI 1.769-12.527, P = 0.002). The second was that higher orosomucoid concentrations were found in antidepressant non-responders (91.4%) than responders (79.1%) (F1, 106 = 5.669, P = 0.019). These findings highlight the potential importance of variables such as orosomucoid which impact on drug availability on the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harley
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Templeton AK, Dominguez N, Lu R, Vidal G, Levin J, Sestak A, Kelly J, Kaufman K, Bruner G, Gaffney P, Harley J, James J, Guthridge J, Poole B. IRF5 Genetic Risk Haplotype Influences Host B Cell Gene Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (49.14). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.49.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both gene and environment interactions play keyroles in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined effects of the IRF5 lupus risk haplotype upon the host's B cell response to the binding or infection with EBV, a suspected environmental trigger for SLE. Whole genome microarray expression profile data was collected from cells exposed to EBV for 16 hours. Analysis of gene expression by gene set enrichment analysis revealed that key differences in expression between SLE patients and controls (or individuals carrying the IRF5 risk and non-risk haplotype) were in a subset of interferon response genes. Patients with the IRF5 risk haplotype have a heightened interferon signature under all experimental conditions; whereas, the patients with the IRF5 protective haplotype have a B cell interferon signature similar to that of unrelated, matched controls. Overexpression of interferon pathway genes in B cells following viral exposure in control individuals carrying the IRF5 risk haplotype suggests that the IRF5 risk alleles alone can modulate ones biological response to the environmental insult. Patients carrying either the IRF5 risk or non-risk alleles appear to already be predisposed to having a higher interferon signature even without exposure to virus, suggesting that other genetic factors are also influencing the interferon response, independent of virus. Support by NIH (AI007633 and AI31584).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Dominguez
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - R Lu
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - G Vidal
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J Levin
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - A Sestak
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J Kelly
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - K Kaufman
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - G Bruner
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - P Gaffney
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J Harley
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J James
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J Guthridge
- 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - B Poole
- 2Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Sawalha A, Webb R, Merrill J, Kelly J, Sestak A, Kaufman K, Langefeld C, Ziegler J, Kimberly R, Edberg J, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille J, Alarcón G, Vilá L, Alarcón-Riquelme M, James J, Gilkeson G, Jacob C, Moser K, Gaffney P, Vyse T, Nath S, Lipsky P, Harley J. A polymorphism within interleukin-21 receptor (IL21R) confers risk for systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with malar rash in lupus patients (49.17). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.49.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 21 is a member of the type I cytokine superfamily that exerts a variety of effects on the immune system including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. The IL21 receptor (IL21R) is expressed on B cells, T cells, NK cells, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The expression of IL21R is reduced in B cells from lupus patients, while IL21 serum levels are increased in both lupus patients and some lupus-murine models. We recently reported that polymorphisms within the IL21 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to lupus. Herein, we genotyped SNPs in the IL21R gene located on chromosome 16p11. We identify and confirm the association between rs3093301 and lupus in two independent European-derived and Hispanic cohorts (p=7.2X10-5). In addition, the presence of the homozygous risk genotype in rs3093301 (A/A) was associated with the development of malar rash in the European-derived female lupus patients (OR=2.83, 95% CI=1.56-5.13, p=0.00045).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Petri
- 6Johns Hopkins U, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - L Vilá
- 8U Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Vyse
- 12Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - J Harley
- 1OUHSC/VA, OKC, OK
- 2OMRF, OKC, OK
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Lu R, Dominguez N, Lessard C, Deshmukh H, Vidal G, Macwana S, Kelly J, Kim X, Cobb B, Kaufman K, Bae SC, Tsao B, Shen N, Langefeld C, Niewold T, Gilkeson G, Merrill J, Moser K, Harley J, Nath S, Gaffney P, James J, Guthridge J. C8orf13/BLK association with systemic lupus erythematosus across different ethnicities (136.28). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.136.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with immunological abnormalities that targets B cell functions and development. Previous genome-wide association studies identified C8orf13/BLK as a novel SLE risk factor. BLK (B lymphoid tyrosine kinase) has been shown to have potential effects on B cell develoment. The main objectives of this study are to: 1.) assess this association in independent populations and 2.) determine if BLK risk alleles correlate with alteration in peripheral blood B cell development and protein expression. We genotyped 52 SNPs within the C8orf13/BLK region in European-derived, Asian and African American populations. rs13277113 is associated with SLE in all three populations. A few novel upstream SNPs within the intergenic region demonstrate a stronger association in Asians. Flow cytometry data suggests there is a significant difference in BLK expression and T2 cells B cell numbers between high-risk and non-risk individuals based on the risk haplotype. Our results suggest that the BLK genetic polymorphisms alter immune system development and function to increase the risk for SLE development. Supported by NIH RR020143, RR015577, NIAID-DAIT-BAA-05-11, AI031584, AR053483, AR48940, AI063274, AR052125, AR043247 and OCAST # HR08-037.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S-C Bae
- 2Hosp Rheum Dis, Keoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - N Shen
- 4Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, People's Republic of
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Bouali H, Nowling T, Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Nietert PJ, Kamen D, Harley J, Gilkeson G. 245 MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE POLYMORPHISM IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND LUPUS NEPHRITIS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0008.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vicentic A, Francis D, Moffett M, Lakatos A, Rogge G, Hubert GW, Harley J, Kuhar MJ. Maternal separation alters serotonergic transporter densities and serotonergic 1A receptors in rat brain. Neuroscience 2006; 140:355-65. [PMID: 16530973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The basic mechanisms underlying the association between early life maternal separation and adulthood psychiatric disorders are largely unknown. One possible candidate is the central serotonergic system, which is also abnormal in psychiatric illnesses. Neuroadaptational changes in serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A receptors may underlie links between early life stress and adulthood psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of a rat model of maternal separation on serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A receptor densities and function in adult rat forebrain. METHODS Rat pups were separated from dams from postnatal day 2 to postnatal day 14, each day, for zero time, 15 min and 180 min to determine the time-course of effects. A non-handled group was added to control for the effects of handling by an experimenter compared with the animal facility-reared group. Quantitative [(125)I]3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester and [(125)I]-mPPI autoradiography was used to determine serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A densities, respectively. Adult rats were challenged with saline or serotonergic 1A agonist (+) 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, 0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone were determined. RESULTS serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A densities were significantly lower in the non-handled group in the paraventricular, arcuate, dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The non-handled group also displayed lower serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A densities in the basolateral anterior, basolateral ventral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei. Serotonergic transporter densities were also decreased in the CA3 area of the hippocampus in the non-handled group. In contrast, the maternal separation 15 min group displayed the highest serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A densities in the basomedial nucleus of amygdala, basolateral anterior nucleus of amygdala, basolateral ventral nucleus of amygdala and basomedial nucleus of amygdala amygdaloid nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Early life maternal separation and the extent of handling can alter adult brain serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A levels and function in the forebrain. Alterations in these serotonergic systems by early rearing conditions might increase vulnerability for behavioral disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vicentic
- The Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Sawalha AH, Namjou B, Nath SK, Kilpatrick J, Germundson A, Kelly JA, Hutchings D, James J, Harley J. Genetic linkage of systemic lupus erythematosus with chromosome 11q14 (SLEH1) in African-American families stratified by a nucleolar antinuclear antibody pattern. Genes Immun 2002; 3 Suppl 1:S31-4. [PMID: 12215899 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2001] [Revised: 05/06/2002] [Accepted: 05/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex genetics. We evaluated pedigrees multiplex for SLE that had an affected with antinucleolar antibodies to increase the homogeneity for genetic linkage analysis. We found a significant linkage effect on chromosome 11q14 at marker D11S2002 in African-American Pedigrees. This effect produced a maximum LOD score of 5.62 using a dominant inheritance model with 95% penetrance in males and 99% penetrance in females. The results were supported by multipoint linkage analysis. Fine mapping of the region with two additional markers within 6 cM of D11S2002 further provided evidence of linkage in this region. Linkage at D11S2002, named SLEH1, was previously found in some of these same African-American pedigrees multiplex for SLE, but who were stratified by hemolytic anemia (Kelly et al, submitted). In conclusion, an important SLE susceptibility gene, SLEH1 at 11q14, is identified in African-Americans when stratifying pedigrees by antinucleolar autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sawalha
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
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Abstract
This study begins to explore some of the social and political issues surrounding the practices of the graduate nurse. Utilising an ethnographic methodology with a critical intent, 4 graduate nurses describe their experiences of clinical practice. The major themes raised or issues that were embedded within the nurses' stories revolved around power and control enmeshed within nursing practice. The themes discussed relate to the graduates' perception of their own competence, and the concepts of the ideal nurse, the socialisation of graduates into the ward culture, being on insider or outsider and a good or bad nurse. The resulting discussion utilises the theoretical framework of Foucault's governmentality to suggest ways in which nurses and graduates might make sense of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hinds
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland
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Civitelli R, Ziambaras K, Warlow PM, Lecanda F, Nelson T, Harley J, Atal N, Beyer EC, Steinberg TH. Regulation of connexin43 expression and function by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteoblastic cells. J Cell Biochem 1998; 68:8-21. [PMID: 9407310 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19980101)68:1<8::aid-jcb2>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) forms gap junctions that mediate intercellular communication between osteoblasts. We have examined the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gap junctional communication in the rat osteogenic sarcoma cells UMR 106-01. Incubation with either PGE2 or PTH rapidly (within 30 min) increased transfer of negatively charged dyes between UMR 106-01 cells. This stimulatory effect lasted for at least 4 h. Both PGE2 and PTH increased steady-state levels of Cx43 mRNA, but only after 2-4 h of incubation. Transfection with a Cx43 gene construct linked to luciferase showed that this effect of PTH was the result of transcriptional upregulation of Cx43 promoter. Stimulation of dye coupling and Cx43 gene transcription were reproduced by forskolin and 8Br-cAMP. Exposure to PGE2 for 30 min increased Cx43 abundance at appositional membranes in UMR 106-01, whereas total Cx43 protein levels increased only after 4-6 h of incubation with either PGE2 or PTH. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not affect this early stimulation of dye coupling, but it significantly inhibited the sustained effect of PTH and forskolin on cell coupling. In summary, both PTH and PGE2, presumably through cAMP production, enhance gap junctional communication in osteoblastic cell cultures via two mechanisms: initial rapid redistribution of Cx43 to the cell membrane, and later stimulation of Cx43 gene expression. Modulation of intercellular communication represents a novel mechanism by which osteotropic factors regulate the activity of bone forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Civitelli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Abstract
The application of the Heimlich maneuver as the initial and perhaps only step for opening the airway in all near-drowning victims has been proposed by Henry Heimlich and Edward Patrick, contrary to current resuscitation guidelines for the treatment of near-drowning victims established by the Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) Committee of the American Heart Association. Although the Heimlich maneuver is useful for the removal of aspirated solid foreign bodies, there is no evidence that death from drowning is frequently caused by aspiration of a solid foreign body that is not effectively treated by the current ECC recommendations. Furthermore, the evidence is insufficient to support the proposition that the Heimlich maneuver is useful for the removal of aspirated liquid. Moreover, because there is no evidence to support Heimlich's hypothesis that substantial amounts of water are aspirated by near-drowning victims or that such aspirated liquid causes brain damage and death, the available evidence does not support routine use of the Heimlich maneuver in the care of near-drowning victims. The routine use of the Heimlich maneuver for treatment of near drowning raises several concerns: (a) the amount of time it would take to repeat this maneuver and how long this would delay the initiation of artificial ventilation; (b) possible complications of the Heimlich maneuver, especially if the near drowning is associated with a cervical fracture; and (c) the prospect of teaching rescue workers a different protocol than that which is taught at present for resuscitating victims of cardiopulmonary arrest from all causes other than near drowning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rosen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Diego Medical Center, University of California, USA
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45
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Rees D, Smith MB, Harley J, Radda GK. In vivo functioning of creatine phosphokinase in human forearm muscle, studied by 31P NMR saturation transfer. Magn Reson Med 1989; 9:39-52. [PMID: 2709995 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) saturation transfer has been used to measure enzymatic flux through the creatine phosphokinase reaction in the direction of ATP synthesis in the human forearm muscle flexor digitorum superficialis. Modification of the ratio method for measurement of spin-lattice relaxation (R. Freeman, H.D.W. Hill, and R. Kaptein, J. Magn. Reson. 7, 82(1972]was tested and used to appreciably shorten the duration of the measurement. Under conditions of steady state work intracellular pH decreased slightly by 0.06 units and the spin-lattice relaxation time of phosphocreatine in muscle was unchanged, while flux from phosphocreatine to ATP was 64 +/- 10% of the resting value. This is contrary to the increase in flux of 155% predicted from previous saturation transfer studies carried out in vitro on rabbit skeletal muscle creatine phosphokinase using metabolite concentrations to mimic those in vivo (E.A. Shoubridge, J.L. Bland, and G.K. Radda, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 805, 72 (1984]. This discrepancy could be accounted for by an underestimation of the ADP concentrations to which the enzyme is exposed due to inaccurate assumptions about the total metabolite concentrations, or possibly by compartmentation of creatine phosphokinase and its reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rees
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The clinical characteristics of 55 diabetic patients referred for treatment of serious pedal infections were surveyed. These patients had been infected for 22.5 +/- 5.0 weeks prior to referral. A majority had received therapy with oral antibiotics and approximately one third had received no antibiotic therapy. The average age of the patients was 53.5 years; average duration of disease, 18 years; and mean weight, 135% of ideal. All had poor glycemic control, as judged by hemoglobin A1c determinations. The patients had a high prevalence of diabetic complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy. Approximately 69% were hypertensive. Although their corrected ESRs were elevated, mean total WBC counts were not. A majority of the patients had zinc deficiency. Most of their infections involved multiple organisms, particularly staphylococcus species, enterococcus, and gram-negative aerobes. These observations suggest that the clinical characteristics of these patients in part explain the difficult nature of their infections and argue the need for early, aggressive antibiotic therapy.
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Walters R, Herman CM, Neff R, Cummings D, Harley J. Percutaneous drainage of abscesses in the postoperative abdomen that is difficult to explore. Am J Surg 1985; 149:623-6. [PMID: 3887956 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(85)80141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated our experience with computerized tomography and ultrasonography guided percutaneous drainage of extrahepatic abdominal fluid collections in a group of 22 patients. The most common goal was to avoid or delay surgery on abdomens in which reoperation would be difficult, mainly in high-risk patients. Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections or abscesses was also attempted in a small number of the patients. Percutaneous drainage was curative in 69 percent of those with nonpancreatic abscesses but in only 33 percent of those with abscesses associated with the pancreas. There were no complications attributable to the procedure or to delays in subsequent surgical drainage. Two patients died from problems not directly related to the use of percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous catheter drainage of nonpancreatic abdominal abscesses can play a useful role in patients who are carefully selected because they possess a complex abdominal anatomy distorted by previous surgery and infection or they are at high risk if surgical exploration is carried out.
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Prchal JT, Carroll AJ, Prchal JF, Crist WM, Skalka HW, Gealy WJ, Harley J, Malluh A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: cellular impairments and their implication for carrier detection. Blood 1980; 56:1048-54. [PMID: 7437512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A family in which two male siblings were affected with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) was studied using G-6-PD isoenzymes as an X-linked marker in order to investigate the nature of cellular abnormalities. Isolated peripheral blood cell types from the doubly heterozygous mother of the affected males seemingly failed to express the G-6-PD allele in cis position with the WAS allele while her cultured skin fibroblasts expressed both G-6-PD alleles. Additionally, a histogram analysis of platelet size revealed a single population of abnormally small platelets in the affected propositus, whereas the heterozygous mother had no appreciable small platelet subpopulation. In vitro culture of hemopoietic progenitor cells of the heterozygous mother showed that the majority of progenitor cells did not express the WAS allele. However, a small number of cells expressing the G-6-PD type linked with the WAS allele were detected. The proportion of the latter progenitors was significantly higher among more primitive progenitors (those giving rise to later appearing colonies). This observation suggests that selection against cells expressing the Wiskott-Aldrich defect takes place in the hemopoietic system of the heterozygous female and offers a possible means of carrier detection in some women. Linkage studies in this family revealed one example of probable recombination between the loci for WAS and G-6-PD among three informative subjects, suggesting that these two loci may not be closely linked on the X-chromosome.
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Mutton P, Gupta J, Yu J, Crollini C, Harley J. Impaired galactose tolerance in older patients with galactosaemia. Aust Paediatr J 1977; 13:7-11. [PMID: 869795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1977.tb01888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Mutton P, Lewis M, Harley J, Hertzberg R. Comedo naevus: an unusual association of infantile cataract. Aust Paediatr J 1975; 11:46-8. [PMID: 1137529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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