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Albizzati PF, Foster G, Gaudillat P, Manfredi S, Tonini D. A model to assess the environmental and economic impacts of municipal waste management in Europe. Waste Manag 2024; 174:605-617. [PMID: 38147702 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The Monitoring Framework proposed in the EU27 New Circular Economy Action Plan comprises two mass-based indicators, namely overall recycling rate and recycling rate for specific waste streams. Yet, to monitor and assess the impacts of circular economy, indicators cannot be limited to mass-based indicators; we argue assessments should also include environmental and economic effects. Towards this end, these impacts can be quantified by an advanced model based on life cycle thinking, entailing the use of life cycle assessment and costing (LCA/LCC). Calculating these effects for municipal waste management is challenging due to gaps in available data for estimating generated waste. We propose a methodology to estimate more finely the amounts of waste generated in the Member States, complemented with LCA/LCC. The results highlight that important inconsistencies in municipal waste data reporting exist and that recycling rates calculated from these are lower than hitherto estimated. The impacts quantification shows great performance variation across EU27, with C-footprint ranging from -490 to 539 kg CO2-eq. t-1. Potentials for improvement are substantial and can bring up to 103 Mt CO2-eq. additional annual saving, reducing costs (calculated as Full Environmental LCC) of waste management by 8.4 billion EUR and bringing 206,100 new jobs in the sector. The approach presented highlights the rationale for improved data management on waste statistics and the potential for harmonised models. It also paves the way for more sophisticated impact analyses relevant for policymaking, by bringing a richer perspective to the environmental and economic impacts of waste management on top of tracking generated, collected and recycled waste flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Albizzati
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate S: Scientific Development Programmes Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - G Foster
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - P Gaudillat
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - S Manfredi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Land Resources and Supply Chain Assessments Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - D Tonini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Razavi-Shearer D, Child H, Razavi-Shearer K, Voeller A, Razavi H, Buti M, Tacke F, Terrault N, Zeuzem S, Abbas Z, Aghemo A, Akarca U, Al Masri N, Alalwan A, Blomé MA, Jerkeman A, Aleman S, Kamal H, Alghamdi A, Alghamdi M, Alghamdi S, Al-Hamoudi W, Ali E, Aljumah A, Altraif I, Amarsanaa J, Asselah T, Baatarkhuu O, Babameto A, Ben-Ari Z, Berg T, Biondi M, Braga W, Brandão-Mello C, Brown R, Brunetto M, Cabezas J, Cardoso M, Martins A, Chan H, Cheinquer H, Chen CJ, Yang HI, Chen PJ, Chien CH, Chuang WL, Garza LC, Coco B, Coffin C, Coppola N, Cornberg M, Craxi A, Crespo J, Cuko L, De Ledinghen V, Duberg AS, Etzion O, Ferraz M, Ferreira P, Forns X, Foster G, Fung J, Gaeta G, García-Samaniego J, Genov J, Gheorghe L, Gholam P, Gish R, Glenn J, Hamid S, Hercun J, Hsu YC, Hu CC, Huang JF, Idilman R, Jafri W, Janjua N, Jelev D, Jia J, Kåberg M, Kaita K, Kao JH, Khan A, Kim D, Kondili L, Lagging M, Lampertico P, Lázaro P, Lazarus J, Lee MH, Yang HI, Lim YS, Lobato C, Macedo G, Marinho R, Marotta P, Mendes-Correa M, Méndez-Sánchez N, Navas MC, Ning Q, Örmeci N, Orrego M, Osiowy C, Pan C, Pessoa M, Piracha Z, Pop C, Qureshi H, Raimondo G, Ramji A, Ribeiro S, Ríos-Hincapié C, Rodríguez M, Rosenberg W, Roulot D, Ryder S, Saeed U, Safadi R, Shouval D, Sanai F, Sanchez-Avila J, Santantonio T, Sarrazin C, Seto WK, Seto WK, Simonova M, Tanaka J, Tergast T, Tsendsuren O, Valente C, Villalobos-Salcedo J, Waheed Y, Wong G, Wong V, Yip T, Wong V, Wu JC, Yang HI, Yu ML, Yuen MF, Yurdaydin C, Zuckerman E. Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories. J Hepatol 2024; 80:232-242. [PMID: 38030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. METHODS We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. RESULTS After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. CONCLUSIONS We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus among people living with hepatitis B virus at the population level. In this study, we aimed to better understand the burden in 25 countries and territories, to refine techniques that can be used in future analyses. We found a lower prevalence in the majority of places studied than had been previously reported. These data can help inform policy makers on the need to screen people living with hepatitis B virus to find those coinfected with hepatitis delta virus and at high risk of progression, while also highlighting the pitfalls that other researchers have often fallen into.
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Caro D, Lodato C, Damgaard A, Cristóbal J, Foster G, Flachenecker F, Tonini D. Environmental and socio-economic effects of construction and demolition waste recycling in the European Union. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168295. [PMID: 37926259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The recovery rate of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the European Union (EU) is at 89 % and thus high relative to other waste streams. However, the relatively high figure can be misleading because it typically does not correspond to high-value material recovery but rather "poor" levels of circularity. From a life-cycle perspective, we assess the environmental impacts and costs of 12 CDW material fractions relying on alternative pathways and treatment technologies. The results indicate important trade-offs in the transition towards the circular economy. Indeed, recycling of concrete, bricks, gypsum, and ceramics and tiles represent the best environmental performance but also the most expensive pathway. However, when shifting from landfill to recycling the total societal costs in the EU are reduced mainly due to the lower external costs. Overall, recycling CDW in the EU with advanced technologies would save about 264 kg CO2-eq t-1 with a cost of 25 EUR t-1. The maximum potential for recycling under current technology in the EU would lead to an annual total reduction of about 33 Mt. of CO2-eq using 2020 as reference year. The fractions with the highest potential for improving current waste management practices in terms of environmental improvements are concrete and bricks. The economic and non-economic barriers for realising this potential at EU level are discussed in relation to the European Green Deal and the EU's circular economy objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Calle Inca Garcilaso, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - C Lodato
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Damgaard
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Cristóbal
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Fermi, Ispra 21027, Italy
| | - G Foster
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Calle Inca Garcilaso, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - F Flachenecker
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels, Belgium; University College London, Institute for Sustainable Resources, London, UK
| | - D Tonini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Calle Inca Garcilaso, Seville 41092, Spain
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Patterson Rosa L, Whitaker B, Allen K, Peters D, Buchanan B, McClure S, Honnas C, Buchanan C, Martin K, Lundquist E, Vierra M, Foster G, Brooks SA, Lafayette C. Genomic loci associated with performance limiting equine overriding spinous processes (kissing spines). Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:65-71. [PMID: 35803009 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commonly known as "Kissing Spines" (KS), the pathological mechanisms underlying impingement and overriding of spinous processes (ORSPs) in horses are poorly understood. Thoroughbreds, Warmbloods, and stock-type breeds, including Paint Horses and Quarter Horses are at increased risk for developing clinical signs of KS. A total of 155 stock-type and Warmblood horses presented at collaborating veterinary clinics and hospitals were examined using a strict clinical and radiographical phenotyping scheme to grade each horse from 0 for unaffected controls to 4 for severe KS. Following genotyping with the Illumina Equine SNP70 array (Illumina, Inc.) a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using 61,229 filtered individual Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed to the KS grade phenotype. Two significantly associated SNPs (BIEC2-668062 and BIEC2-668013) on chromosome 25 defined a ~1.4 Gb candidate region containing approximately 17 coding genes (EquCab3) and 195 ENSEMBL annotated variants. Investigation of the best associated SNP (BIEC2-668062) on chr25 demonstrates a significant correlation with an increase in one KS grade, on average, per A allele in this population. A significant effect of breed group, age, height or sex was not observed in this population. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential for KS diagnosis and preventative measures for WB/ST individuals supported by increased genetic risk for more severe KS grade. We propose further research including other affected breeds and evaluating causative variants, as well as the effect of BIEC2-668062 in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Whitaker
- Brazos Valley Equine Hospitals, Salado, TX 76571, USA
| | - K Allen
- Virginia Equine Imaging Center, The Plains, VA 20198, USA
| | - D Peters
- East-West Equine Sports, Lexington, KY 40583, USA
| | - B Buchanan
- Brazos Valley Equine Hospitals, Salado, TX 76571, USA
| | - S McClure
- Midwest Equine, Boone, IA 50036, USA
| | - C Honnas
- Texas Equine Hospital, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - C Buchanan
- Brazos Valley Equine Hospitals, Salado, TX 76571, USA
| | - K Martin
- Etalon, Inc, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - M Vierra
- Etalon, Inc, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G Foster
- Etalon, Inc, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S A Brooks
- Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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5
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Shanthanna H, Czuczman M, Moisiuk P, O'Hare T, Khan M, Forero M, Davis K, Moro J, Vanniyasingam T, Foster G, Thabane L, Alolabi B. Erector spinae plane block vs. peri-articular injection for pain control after arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2021; 77:301-310. [PMID: 34861745 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interscalene brachial plexus block is the standard regional analgesic technique for shoulder surgery. Given its adverse effects, alternative techniques have been explored. Reports suggest that the erector spinae plane block may potentially provide effective analgesia following shoulder surgery. However, its analgesic efficacy for shoulder surgery compared with placebo or local anaesthetic infiltration has never been established. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to compare the analgesic efficacy of pre-operative T2 erector spinae plane block with peri-articular infiltration at the end of surgery. Sixty-two patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder repair were randomly assigned to receive active erector spinae plane block with saline peri-articular injection (n = 31) or active peri-articular injection with saline erector spinae plane block (n = 31) in a blinded double-dummy design. Primary outcome was resting pain score in recovery. Secondary outcomes included pain scores with movement; opioid use; patient satisfaction; adverse effects in hospital; and outcomes at 24 h and 1 month. There was no difference in pain scores in recovery, with a median difference (95%CI) of 0.6 (-1.9-3.1), p = 0.65. Median postoperative oral morphine equivalent utilisation was significantly higher in the erector spinae plane group (21 mg vs. 12 mg; p = 0.028). Itching was observed in 10% of patients who received erector spinae plane block and there was no difference in the incidence of significant nausea and vomiting. Patient satisfaction scores, and pain scores and opioid use at 24 h were similar. At 1 month, six (peri-articular injection) and eight (erector spinae plane block) patients reported persistent pain. Erector spinae plane block was not superior to peri-articular injection for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shanthanna
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Czuczman
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moisiuk
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T O'Hare
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Khan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Forero
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K Davis
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Moro
- Department of Surgery, Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Vanniyasingam
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Foster
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Research Institute of St Joes, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Thabane
- Department of Anesthesia, St Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - B Alolabi
- Department of Surgery, Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Cox J, Hamilton L, Doucette S, Foster G, Thabane L, Parkash R, Xie F, MacKillop J, Ciaccia A, Choudhri S, Nemis-White J. The effect of computer decision support on optimizing appropriate dosing of novel oral anticoagulant therapy in the IMPACT-AF study. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Guidelines favour use of the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) over vitamin-K antagonists for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, studies have shown these agents are being under-dosed relative to the doses recommended in the product labels.
Purpose
To assess the ability of a CDS tool, employed to support management of patients with AF in primary care, to optimize NOAC prescribing.
Methods
The Integrated Management Program Advancing Community Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (IMPACT-AF) study was a cluster randomized controlled trial that assessed the ability of a CDS tool to optimize care of community-based AF patients. Between September 2014 and December 2016, 203 primary care providers (104 randomized to CDS use, 99 to usual care [UC]) and 1133 of their patients (n=597 CDS, n=548 UC) were enrolled. Among other functions, 9 CDS program rules provided recommendations on NOAC prescribing based upon a given patient's clinical profile, as per product labels. Appropriate NOAC prescribing within the IMPACT-AF study population was compared between patients managed with the CDS versus UC at baseline and 12-months.
Results
Of those patients prescribed a NOAC, a high proportion (approximately 70%) were managed as per NOAC prescribing recommendations at baseline (Fig. 1). At 12 months, this proportion did not appreciably change in the UC arm (Fig. 1). In the CDS arm, an 8.2% absolute/11.8% relative improvement in appropriate NOAC prescribing over baseline was seen at 12-months (Fig. 1).
A comparison of patients at baseline and 12-months within each arm revealed a non-significant decline in the level of appropriate NOAC prescribing in the UC group (p=0.53). In the CDS arm, a significant improvement was observed in appropriate NOAC prescribing over time (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Even prior to any quality improvement efforts, appropriate NOAC prescribing was higher than anticipated in this contemporary cohort of community-based AF patients. At 12-months, significant further improvements were seen in the CDS but not the UC arm. These findings suggest that physician decision support can help enhance appropriate NOAC prescribing in the primary care setting.
Figure 1. Appropriate NOAC prescribing
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Bayer Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cox
- Dalhousie University, Professor of Medicine, Halifax, Canada
| | - L Hamilton
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - S Doucette
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - G Foster
- McMaster University, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton, Canada
| | - L Thabane
- McMaster University, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Parkash
- Dalhousie University, Professor of Medicine, Halifax, Canada
| | - F Xie
- McMaster University, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J MacKillop
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | - J Nemis-White
- Strive Health Management Consulting Ltd., Halifax, Canada
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7
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Leigh WJ, Zadoks RN, Jaglarz A, Costa JZ, Foster G, Thompson KD. Evaluation of PCR primers targeting the groEL gene for the specific detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in the context of aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:666-674. [PMID: 29786935 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to design a set of primers for specific detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that can detect a diverse range of S. agalactiae isolates from different hosts and that it is capable of discriminating between S. agalactiae and other species that are closely related or potentially present in aquaculture environments, notably Streptococcus iniae. METHODS AND RESULTS Primers, based on the groEL2 gene of S. agalactiae, were shown to be epidemiologically sensitive to 97 isolates of S. agalactiae, representing 11 clonal complexes derived from piscine, terrestrial and aquatic mammalian host species. The primers were tested with 10 S. iniae isolates and 22 other comparator species with no cross-reaction observed after optimization of reaction conditions. They have a high analytical sensitivity, detecting as few as 10 copies of S. agalactiae genomic DNA per reaction and are capable of detecting the target in DNA extracted from the brains of infected fish. CONCLUSIONS The primers proved suitable for the sensitive and specific detection of S. agalactiae from dairy-, human- and fish-related origins by PCR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Due to the importance of S. agalactiae as a pathogen, many PCR primers have been published for this bacterium, designed largely for its detection in dairy and human samples, but many cross-reacting with S. iniae. The ability to differentiate between S. agalactiae and S. iniae in aquaculture derived samples is important as both infect fish, causing similar disease symptoms and are phenotypically similar, yet control strategies and zoonotic risk are species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Leigh
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Jaglarz
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - J Z Costa
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - G Foster
- SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummond Hill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, UK
| | - K D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
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8
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Athale UH, Mizrahi T, Laverdière C, Nayiager T, Delva YL, Foster G, Thabane L, David M, Leclerc JM, Chan AKC. Impact of baseline clinical and laboratory features on the risk of thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective evaluation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e26938. [PMID: 29334169 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased risk of thromboembolism (TE). However, the predictors of ALL-associated TE are as yet uncertain. OBJECTIVE This exploratory, prospective cohort study evaluated the effects of clinical (age, gender, ALL risk group) and laboratory variables (hematological parameters, ABO blood group, inherited and acquired prothrombotic defects [PDs]) at diagnosis on the development of symptomatic TE (sTE) in children (aged 1 to ≤18) treated on the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL 05-001 study. PROCEDURES Samples collected prior to the start of ALL therapy were evaluated for genetic and acquired PDs (proteins C and S, antithrombin, procoagulant factors VIII (FVIII:C), IX, XI and von Willebrand factor antigen levels, gene polymorphisms of factor V G1691A, prothrombin gene G20210A and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, anticardiolipin antibodies, fasting lipoprotein(a), and homocysteine). RESULTS Of 131 enrolled patients (mean age [range] 6.4 [1-17] years) 70 were male patients and 20 patients (15%) developed sTE. Acquired or inherited PD had no impact on the risk of sTE. Multivariable analyses identified older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.26) and non-O blood group (OR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 12.51) as independent predictors for development of sTE. Patients with circulating blasts had higher odds of developing sTE (OR 6.66; 95% CI: 0.82, 53.85). CONCLUSION Older age, non-O blood group, and presence of circulating blasts, but not PDs, predicted the risk of sTE during ALL therapy. We recommend evaluation of these novel risk factors in the development of ALL-associated TE. If confirmed, these easily accessible variables at diagnosis can help develop a risk-prediction model for ALL-associated TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma H Athale
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Mizrahi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - C Laverdière
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - T Nayiager
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Y-L Delva
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - G Foster
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's HealthCare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's HealthCare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M David
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - J-M Leclerc
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - A K C Chan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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McLauchlan J, Innes H, Dillon JF, Foster G, Holtham E, McDonald S, Wilkes B, Hutchinson SJ, Irving WL. Cohort Profile: The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Research UK Clinical Database and Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1391-1391h. [PMID: 28338838 PMCID: PMC5837619 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J McLauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - H Innes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Blood Borne Viruses and STIs Division, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - J F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - G Foster
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E Holtham
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S McDonald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - B Wilkes
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S J Hutchinson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Blood Borne Viruses and STIs Division, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - W L Irving
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Kuiken T, Kennedy S, Barrett T, Van de Bildt MWG, Borgsteede FH, Brew SD, Codd GA, Duck C, Deaville R, Eybatov T, Forsyth MA, Foster G, Jepson PD, Kydyrmanov A, Mitrofanov I, Ward CJ, Wilson S, Osterhaus ADME. The 2000 Canine Distemper Epidemic in Caspian Seals (Phoca caspica): Pathology and Analysis of Contributory Factors. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:321-38. [PMID: 16672579 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 10,000 Caspian seals ( Phoca caspica) were reported dead in the Caspian Sea during spring and summer 2000. We performed necropsies and extensive laboratory analyses on 18 seals, as well as examination of the pattern of strandings and variation in weather in recent years, to identify the cause of mortality and potential contributory factors. The monthly stranding rate in 2000 was up to 2.8 times the historic mean. It was preceded by an unusually mild winter, as observed before in mass mortality events of pinnipeds. The primary diagnosis in 11 of 13 seals was canine distemper, characterized by broncho-interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic necrosis and depletion in lymphoid organs, and the presence of typical intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in multiple epithelia. Canine distemper virus infection was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products. Organochlorine and zinc concentrations in tissues of seals with canine distemper were comparable to those of Caspian seals in previous years. Concurrent bacterial infections that may have contributed to the mortality of the seals included Bordetella bronchiseptica (4/8 seals), Streptococcus phocae (3/8), Salmonella dublin (1/8), and S. choleraesuis (1/8). A newly identified bacterium, Corynebacterium caspium, was associated with balanoposthitis in one seal. Several infectious and parasitic organisms, including poxvirus, Atopobacter phocae, Eimeria- and Sarcocystis-like organisms, and Halarachne sp. were identified in Caspian seals for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuiken
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
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11
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Abdulmawjood A, Wickhorst J, Sammra O, Lämmler C, Foster G, Wragg P, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Klein G. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and sensitive identification of Arcanobacterium pluranimalium. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:468-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Blackman A, Foster G, Zammit G, Rosenberg R, Aronne L, Wadden T, Claudius B, Jensen C, Mignot E. Liraglutide 3.0 mg reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnea and body weight in obese individuals with moderate or severe disease: scale sleep apnoea tria. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Foster G, Afdhal NH, Karayiannis P, Thursz M. Welcome to the new, all electronic Journal of Viral Hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:1. [PMID: 25535958 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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14
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Potter J, Hyams C, Shaukat M, Babiker Z, Macavei V, Jayasekera N, Kunst H, Foster G, White V. P189 Should Screening For Chronic Viral Hepatitis In Patients With Tuberculosis Be Introduced To Nice Guidelines? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Collier A, Blackman A, Foster G, Zammit G, Rosenberg R, Wadden T, Aronne L, Claudius B, Jensen T, Mignot E. S28 Liraglutide 3.0 Mg Reduces Severity Of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea And Body Weight In Obese Individuals With Moderate Or Severe Disease: Scale Sleep Apnoea Trial. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Carroll S, McGillion M, Healey J, Foster G, Browne G, Sum C, Stacey D, Thabane L. ENGAGING PATIENTS AND FAMILIES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF A PATIENT DECISION AID (PTDA) FOR AN IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATOR - ACCEPTABILITY RESULTS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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van Elk CE, van de Bildt MWG, Jauniaux T, Hiemstra S, van Run PRWA, Foster G, Meerbeek J, Osterhaus ADME, Kuiken T. Is dolphin morbillivirus virulent for white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)? Vet Pathol 2014; 51:1174-82. [PMID: 24399208 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813516643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of morbilliviruses for toothed whales (odontocetes) appears to differ according to host species. In 4 species of odontocetes, morbilliviruses are highly virulent, causing large-scale epizootics with high mortality. In 8 other species of odontocetes, including white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), morbilliviruses have been found as an incidental infection. In these species, the virulence of morbilliviruses is not clear. Therefore, the admission of 2 white-beaked dolphins with morbillivirus infection into a rehabilitation center provided a unique opportunity to investigate the virulence of morbillivirus in this species. By phylogenetic analysis, the morbilliviruses in both animals were identified as a dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) most closely related to that detected in a white-beaked dolphin in Germany in 2007. Both animals were examined clinically and pathologically. Case No. 1 had a chronic neural DMV infection, characterized by polioencephalitis in the cerebrum and morbillivirus antigen expression limited to neurons and glial cells. Surprisingly, no nervous signs were observed in this animal during the 6 months before death. Case No. 2 had a subacute systemic DMV infection, characterized by interstitial pneumonia, leucopenia, lymphoid depletion, and DMV antigen expression in mononuclear cells and syncytia in the lung and in mononuclear cells in multiple lymphoid organs. Cause of death was not attributed to DMV infection in either animal. DMV was not detected in 2 contemporaneously stranded white-beaked dolphins. Stranding rate did not increase in the region. These results suggest that DMV is not highly virulent for white-beaked dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E van Elk
- Dolfinarium Harderwijk, Strandboulevard Oost 1, Harderwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - T Jauniaux
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Boulevard de Colonster 20, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - S Hiemstra
- Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - G Foster
- SAC Veterinary Services, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - J Meerbeek
- Stichting SOS-Dolfijn, Strandboulevard Oost 1, Harderwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - T Kuiken
- Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Netherlands
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Lutsiv O, Pullenayegum E, Foster G, Vera C, Giglia L, Chapman B, Fusch C, McDonald SD. Women's intentions to breastfeed: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2013; 120:1490-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Lutsiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - E Pullenayegum
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines; St Joseph's Healthcare; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - G Foster
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Biostatistics Unit; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre; St Joseph's Healthcare; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - C Vera
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecologia; Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - L Giglia
- Division of General Pediatrics; Department of Pediatrics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - B Chapman
- Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario (formerly OPSS); Ottawa ON Canada
| | - C Fusch
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - SD McDonald
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Diagnostic Imaging; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Paterson GK, Larsen AR, Robb A, Edwards GE, Pennycott TW, Foster G, Mot D, Hermans K, Baert K, Peacock SJ, Parkhill J, Zadoks RN, Holmes MA. The newly described mecA homologue, mecALGA251, is present in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a diverse range of host species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2809-13. [PMID: 22941897 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previously unidentified mecA homologue, mecA(LGA251), has recently been described in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from humans and dairy cattle. The origin and epidemiology of this novel homologue are unclear. The objective of this study was to provide basic descriptive information of MRSA isolates harbouring mecA(LGA251) from a range of host animal species. METHODS A number of S. aureus isolates from historical animal isolate collections were chosen for investigation based on their similarity to known mecA(LGA251) MRSA isolates. The presence of mecA(LGA251) was determined using a multiplex PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed by disc diffusion. RESULTS MRSA harbouring mecA(LGA251) were found in isolates from a domestic dog, brown rats, a rabbit, a common seal, sheep and a chaffinch. All of the isolates were phenotypically MRSA, although this depended on which test was used; some isolates would be considered susceptible with certain assays. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, rifampicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and mupirocin. Five multilocus sequence types were represented (2273, 130, 425, 1764 and 1245) and six spa types (t208, t6293, t742, t6594, t7914 and t843). CONCLUSIONS The discovery of MRSA isolates possessing mecA(LGA251) from a diverse range of host species, including different taxonomic classes, has important implications for the diagnosis of MRSA in these species and our understanding of the epidemiology of this novel mecA homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Paterson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Twomey D, Carson T, Foster G, Koylass M, Whatmore A. Phenotypic characterisation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis of veterinary isolates of Streptococcus pluranimalium. Vet J 2012; 192:236-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Davison NJ, Barnett JEF, Ayling RD, Whatmore AM, Foster G. Isolation of Bisgaardia hudsonensis from a seal bite. J Infect 2011; 64:231-2. [PMID: 22101163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Roth WK, Busch MP, Schuller A, Ismay S, Cheng A, Seed CR, Jungbauer C, Minsk PM, Sondag-Thull D, Wendel S, Levi JE, Fearon M, Delage G, Xie Y, Jukic I, Turek P, Ullum H, Tefanova V, Tilk M, Reimal R, Castren J, Naukkarinen M, Assal A, Jork C, Hourfar MK, Michel P, Offergeld R, Pichl L, Schmidt M, Schottstedt V, Seifried E, Wagner F, Weber-Schehl M, Politis C, Lin CK, Tsoi WC, O'Riordan J, Gottreich A, Shinar E, Yahalom V, Velati C, Satake M, Sanad N, Sisene I, Bon AH, Koppelmann M, Flanagan P, Flesland O, Brojer E, Lętowska M, Nascimento F, Zhiburt E, Chua SS, Teo D, Stezinar SL, Vermeulen M, Reddy R, Park Q, Castro E, Eiras A, Gonzales Fraile I, Torres P, Ekermo B, Niederhauser C, Chen H, Oota S, Brant LJ, Eglin R, Jarvis L, Mohabir L, Brodsky J, Foster G, Jennings C, Notari E, Stramer S, Kessler D, Hillyer C, Kamel H, Katz L, Taylor C, Panzer S, Reesink HW. International survey on NAT testing of blood donations: expanding implementation and yield from 1999 to 2009. Vox Sang 2011; 102:82-90. [PMID: 21933190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Taylor S, Bremner S, Choudhury A, Cook V, Devine A, Eldridge S, Feder G, Foster G, Islam K, Sohanpal R, Spencer A, Griffiths C, Barnes N. OEDIPUS: A cluster randomised trial of education for South Asians with asthma, and their primary and secondary care physicians, to reduce unscheduled care. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Dagleish MP, Stevenson K, Foster G, McLuckie J, Sellar M, Harley J, Evans J, Brownlow A. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Infection in a captive-bred kiang (Equus kiang). J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:372-7. [PMID: 21906752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Equids are considered highly resistant to mycobacterial infections and clinical cases have been described in domestic horses only. Mycobacterium bovis is the most common species reported, although a single report exists of disease due to definitively diagnosed infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in two domestic horses. This is the first report of a mycobacterial infection in a kiang (Equus kiang), or indeed any wild equid. The animal had chronic loss of condition and serum biochemical changes suggestive of liver disease and chronic infection. Further investigation showed a chronic granulomatous enteritis, lymphadenitis and hepatitis with focal granulomatous pneumonia due to systemic infection with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The distribution and severity of the lesions suggested that the route of infection was alimentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh EH26 OPZ, Scotland, UK.
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25
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Sword W, Kurtz Landy C, Thabane L, Watt S, Krueger P, Farine D, Foster G. Is mode of delivery associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2011; 118:966-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Foster G. Eric Gordon Hardy. West J Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Dagleish M, Baily J, Foster G, Reid R, Barley J. The First Report of Disease in a Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus). J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:284-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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West DS, Gorin AA, Subak LL, Foster G, Bragg C, Hecht J, Schembri M, Wing RR. A motivation-focused weight loss maintenance program is an effective alternative to a skill-based approach. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:259-69. [PMID: 20680012 PMCID: PMC2974962 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Maintaining weight loss is a major challenge in obesity treatment. Individuals often indicate that waning motivation prompts cessation of effective weight management behaviors. Therefore, a novel weight loss maintenance program that specifically targets motivational factors was evaluated. Design Overweight women (N=338; 19% African American) with urinary incontinence were randomized to lifestyle obesity treatment or control and followed for 18 months. All participants in lifestyle (N=226) received the same initial six-month group behavioral obesity treatment and were then randomized to 1) a novel motivation-focused maintenance program (N=113) or 2) a standard skill-based maintenance approach (N=113). Main Outcome Measure Weight assessed at baseline, 6, and 18 months. Results Both treatment groups (motivation-focused and skill-based) achieved comparable 18-month weight losses (−5.48% for motivation-focused vs −5.55% in skill-based, p=0.98), and both groups lost significantly more than controls (−1.51%; p=.0012 in motivation-focused and .0021 in skill-based). Conclusions A motivation-focused maintenance program offers an alternative, effective approach to weight maintenance expanding available evidence-based interventions beyond traditional skill-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S West
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 7205, USA.
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30
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Pennycott TW, Mather HA, Bennett G, Foster G. Salmonellosis in garden birds in Scotland, 1995 to 2008: geographic region, Salmonella enterica phage type and bird species. Vet Rec 2010; 166:419-21. [PMID: 20364008 DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis was diagnosed in garden birds from 198 incidents in Scotland between September 1995 and August 2008. Salmonellosis was essentially a disease of finches in the north of Scotland, but in the south of Scotland it was also a problem in house sparrows. Almost all of the incidents were caused by Salmonella Typhimurium phage types 40 or 56/variant, but regional variation in phage types was observed. In the north of Scotland, one phage type (DT 40) predominated, but in the south of Scotland two phage types were commonly isolated (DTs 40 and 56/variant, with the latter the more common of the two phage types). This regional difference was statistically significant for salmonellosis in greenfinches, chaffinches and 'other garden birds', but not for house sparrows. Different temporal patterns for different species of bird and different phage types were also observed within regions. These findings suggest that the epidemiology of salmonellosis in garden birds varies depending on the phage type of Salmonella and the species of garden bird, with additional regional differences depending on the wild bird populations and the phage types of Salmonella in circulation. An awareness of these differences will help when formulating guidelines aimed at reducing the impact of salmonellosis in garden birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Foster
- SAC Consulting; Veterinary Science Division, Drummondhill; Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
| | - L. Hunter
- SAC Consulting; Veterinary Science Division, Drummondhill; Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
| | - G. Baird
- SAC Consulting; Veterinary Services, 5 Bertha Park View Perth PH1 3FZ
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Finlayson
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 0PZ
| | - G. Beresford
- Strathspey Veterinary Centre; Forest Road Grantown-on-Spey PH26 3JJ
| | - G. Foster
- SAC Veterinary Sciences, Drummondhill; Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
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de Ruiter A, Mercey D, Anderson J, Chakraborty R, Clayden P, Foster G, Gilling-Smith C, Hawkins D, Low-Beer N, Lyall H, O'Shea S, Penn Z, Short J, Smith R, Sonecha S, Tookey P, Wood C, Taylor G. British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008. HIV Med 2009; 9:452-502. [PMID: 18840151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A de Ruiter
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Dagleish MP, Foster G, Howie FE, Reid RJ, Barley J. Fatal mycotic encephalitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus). Vet Rec 2009; 163:602-4. [PMID: 19011249 DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.20.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
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Foster G, Barley J, Howie F, Falsen E, Moore E, Twomey DF, Wragg P, Whatmore AM, Stubberfield E. Streptococcus pluranimalium
in bovine reproductive disease. Vet Rec 2008; 163:638. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.21.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Foster
- SAC Veterinary Science Division; Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
| | - J. Barley
- SAC Veterinary Science Division; Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
| | - F. Howie
- SAC Veterinary Science Division; Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QE
| | - E. Falsen
- Culture Collection University Göteborg; Department of Clinical Bacteriology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Göteborg; 413 46 Göteborg Sweden
| | - E. Moore
- Culture Collection University Göteborg; Department of Clinical Bacteriology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Göteborg; 413 46 Göteborg Sweden
| | - D. F. Twomey
- VLA - Starcross; Staplake Mount Starcross Exeter EX6 8PE
| | - P. Wragg
- VLA - Thirsk; West House, Station Road Thirsk North Yorkshire YO7 1PZ
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Evans J, Knight H, Smith A, Pearce M, Hall M, Foster G, Low J, Gunn G. Cefixime-tellurite rhamnose MacConkey agar for isolation of Vero cytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliserogroup O26 from Scottish cattle and sheep faeces. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 47:148-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dagleish M, Barley J, Finlayson J, Reid R, Foster G. Brucella ceti Associated Pathology in the Testicle of a Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J Comp Pathol 2008; 139:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gunn G, McKendrick I, Ternent H, Thomson-Carter F, Foster G, Synge B. An investigation of factors associated with the prevalence of verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157 shedding in Scottish beef cattle. Vet J 2007; 174:554-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lay-led self-management programmes are becoming widespread in the attempt to promote self-care for people with chronic conditions. OBJECTIVES To assess systematically the effectiveness of lay-led self-management programmes for people with chronic conditions. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 1), MEDLINE (January 1986 to May 2006), EMBASE (January 1986 to June 2006), AMED (January 1986 to June 2006), CINAHL (January 1986 to June 2006), DARE (1994 to July 2006, National Research Register (2000 to July 2006), NHS Economic Evaluations Database (1994 to July 2006), PsycINFO (January 1986 to June 2006), Science Citation Index (January 1986 to July 2006), reference lists and forward citation tracking of included studies. We contacted principal investigators and experts in the field. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing structured lay-led self-management education programmes for chronic conditions against no intervention or clinician-led programmes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. Results of RCTs were pooled using a random-effects model with standardised mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS We included seventeen trials involving 7442 participants. The interventions shared similar structures and components but studies showed heterogeneity in conditions studied, outcomes collected and effects. There were no studies of children and adolescents, only one study provided data on outcomes beyond six months, and only two studies reported clinical outcomes. PRIMARY OUTCOMES Health status: There was a small, statistically-significant reduction in: pain (11 studies, SMD -0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.17 to -0.04)); disability (8 studies, SMD -0.15 (95% CI -0.25 to -0.05); and fatigue (7 studies, SMD -0.16 (95% CI -0.23 to -0.09); and small, statistically-significant improvement in depression (6 studies, SMD -0.16 95% CI -0.24 to -0.07). There was a small (but not statistically- or clinically-significant) improvement in psychological well-being (5 studies; SMD -0.12 (95% CI -0.33 to 0.09)); but no difference between groups for health-related quality of life (3 studies; WMD -0.03 (95% CI -0.09 to 0.02). Six studies showed a statistically-significant improvement in self-rated general health (WMD -0.20 (95% CI -0.31 to -0.10). Health behaviours: 7 studies showed a small, statistically-significant increase in self-reported aerobic exercise (SMD -0.20 (95% CI -0.27 to -0.12)) and a moderate increase in cognitive symptom management (4 studies, WMD -0.55 ( 95% CI -0.85 to -0.26)). Healthcare use: There were no statistically-significant differences between groups in physician or general practitioner attendance (9 studies; SMD -0.03 (95% CI -0.09 to 0.04)). There were also no statistically-significant differences between groups for days/nights spent in hospital (6 studies; WMD -0.32 (95% CI -0.71 to 0.07)). Self-efficacy: (confidence to manage condition) showed a small statistically-significant improvement (10 studies): SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.19. No adverse events were reported in any of the studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Lay-led self-management education programmes may lead to small, short-term improvements in participants' self-efficacy, self-rated health, cognitive symptom management, and frequency of aerobic exercise. There is currently no evidence to suggest that such programmes improve psychological health, symptoms or health-related quality of life, or that they significantly alter healthcare use. Future research on such interventions should explore longer term outcomes, their effect on clinical measures of disease and their potential role in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Foster
- Institute for Community Health Sciences and Education, Barts and the London Centre for Health Sciences, 2 Newark Street, London, UK, E1 2AT.
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Abstract
Safety nets are mechanisms to mitigate the effects of poverty on vulnerable households during times of stress. In sub-Saharan Africa, extended families, together with communities, are the most effective responses enabling access to support for households facing crises. This paper reviews literature on informal social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa, analyses changes taking place in their functioning as a result of HIV/AIDS and describes community safety net components including economic associations, cooperatives, loan providers, philanthropic groups and HIV/AIDS initiatives. Community safety nets target households in greatest need, respond rapidly to crises, are cost efficient, based on local needs and available resources, involve the specialized knowledge of community members and provide financial and psycho-social support. Their main limitations are lack of material resources and reliance on unpaid labour of women. Changes have taken place in safety net mechanisms because of HIV/AIDS, suggesting the resilience of communities rather than their impending collapse. Studies are lacking that assess the value of informal community-level transfers, describe how safety nets assist the poor or analyse modifications in response to HIV/AIDS. The role of community safety nets remains largely invisible under the radar of governments, non-governmental organizations and international bodies. External support can strengthen this system of informal social security that provides poor HIV/AIDS-affected households with significant support.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Foster
- Mutare Provincial Hospital, Mutare, Zimbabwe.
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Sargison ND, Howie F, Mearns R, Penny CD, Foster G. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
as a perennial cause of abortion in a closed flock of Suffolk ewes. Vet Rec 2007; 160:875-6. [PMID: 17586793 DOI: 10.1136/vr.160.25.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N D Sargison
- Large Animal Practice, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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Dagleish MP, Barley J, Howie FE, Reid RJ, Herman J, Foster G. Isolation of Brucella
species from a diseased atlanto-occipital joint of an Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus
). Vet Rec 2007; 160:876-8. [PMID: 17586794 DOI: 10.1136/vr.160.25.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ
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Akineden O, Alber J, Lämmler C, Weiss R, Siebert U, Foster G, Tougaard S, Brasseur SMJM, Reijnders PJH. Relatedness of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) of various origins of the North Sea during 1988–2005. Vet Microbiol 2007; 121:158-62. [PMID: 17169506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify 15 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated during a period between 1988 and 2005 from nine harbour seals and six grey seals from various origins of the North Sea. All isolates were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The bacteria were additionally investigated for relatedness by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and gene szp and by macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA of the strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The molecular analysis yielded identical or closely related patterns within the strains of the present study and with the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals of German North Sea which were investigated previously [Akineden, O., Hassan, A.A., Alber, J., El-Sayed, A., Estoepangestie, A.T.S., Lämmler, C., Weiss, R., Siebert, U., 2005. Phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German North Sea during the phocine distemper outbreak in 2002. Vet. Microbiol. 110, 147-152]. This indicates that this single or closely related bacterial clone existed during both phocine distemper virus epidemics in 1988 and 2002 and that a direct transmission of the strains has occurred between two seal species and between seal populations of far distant regions possibly with grey seals as a vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Akineden
- Institut für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Professur für Milchwissenschaften, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Ludwigstr. 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Dagleish MP, Patterson IAP, Foster G, Reid RJ, Linton C, Buxton D. Intracranial granuloma caused by asporogenic Aspergillus fumigatus in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Vet Rec 2006; 159:458-60. [PMID: 17012612 DOI: 10.1136/vr.159.14.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ
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Hall LM, Evans J, Smith AW, Pearce MC, Knight HI, Foster G, Low JC, Gunn GJ. Sensitivity of an immunomagnetic-separation-based test for detecting Escherichia coli O26 in bovine feces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:7260-3. [PMID: 16980429 PMCID: PMC1636212 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03028-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of a test for cattle shedding Escherichia coli serogroup O26 was estimated using several fecal pats artificially inoculated at a range of concentrations with different E. coli O26 strains. The test involves the enrichment of fecal microflora in buffered peptone water, the selective concentration of E. coli O26 using antibody-coated immunomagnetic-separation beads, the identification of E. coli colonies on Chromocult tryptone bile X-glucuronide agar, and confirmation of the serogroup with E. coli serogroup O26-specific antisera using slide agglutination. The effective dose of E. coli O26 for an 80% test sensitivity (ED(80)) was 1.0 x 10(4) CFU g(-1) feces (95% confidence interval, 4.7 x 10(3) to 2.4 x 10(4)). Differences in test sensitivity between different E. coli O26 strains and fecal pats were also observed. Individual estimates of ED(80) for each strain and fecal pat combination ranged from 4.2 x 10(2) to 4.8 x 10(5) CFU g(-1). These results suggest that the test is useful for identifying individuals shedding a large number of E. coli O26 organisms or, if an appropriate number of individuals in a herd are sampled, for identifying affected herds. The study also provides a benchmark estimate of sensitivity that can be used to compare alternative tests for E. coli O26 and a methodological approach that can be applied to tests for other pathogenic members of the Enterobacteriaceae and other sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hall
- Scottish Agricultural College, Stratherrick Rd., Inverness IV2 4JZ, United Kingdom.
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Pennycott TW, Cinderey RN, Park A, Mather HA, Foster G, Grant D. Further monitoring for Salmonella species and Escherichia coli O86 at a bird table in south-west Scotland. Vet Rec 2006; 157:477-80. [PMID: 16227383 DOI: 10.1136/vr.157.16.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pooled faeces collected from a garden bird table were screened for Salmonella species and Escherichia coli O86, two recognised causes of garden bird mortality. Dead birds found at the site were also screened for these organisms, and bird numbers and meteorological data were recorded. In the first year of the study, 48.5 per cent of the samples were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium DT56 (variant), decreasing to 38.9 per cent in the second year and 12.8 per cent in the third year. E. coli O86 was not recovered from any of the 288 samples of pooled faeces tested. S. Typhimurium DT56 (variant) was recovered from the carcases of eight birds found dead at the site, and E. coli O86 was isolated from three carcases. The degree of contamination of the bird table with S. Typhimurium DT56 (variant) was positively correlated with the number of house sparrows observed in the garden, but not with the number of blackbirds, chaffinches or greenfinches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Pennycott
- SAC Veterinary Services, Avian Health Unit, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5AE
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of orally administered horsechestnut seed extract in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. METHOD In a prospective triple-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial, 54 patients with venous leg ulcers from a large South Australian community nursing service were randomly allocated to receive horsechestnut seed extract (n=27) or placebo (n=27) for 12 weeks. Ulcers were assessed at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12 utilising a wound assessment tool and the Alfred/Medseed Wound Imaging System. RESULTS The difference between groups in the number of healed leg ulcers and change in wound surface area, depth, volume, pain and exudate was not statistically significant. However, horsechestnut seed extract did have a significant effect on the percentage of wound slough over time (RM-ANOVA F=2.76, p=0.045) and on the number of dressing changes at week 12 (t=-2.71, p=0.009). CONCLUSION Even though horsechestnut seed extract is likely to attenuate the pathogenesis of venous insufficiency and, in turn, facilitate venous ulcer healing, the current study did not statistically support such a claim. However, taking into account the small sample and insufficient power of the trial, and the significant improvement in wound slough and visit frequency, it appears that it may be useful in the management of venous leg ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Leach
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace Adelaide.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ
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Willoughby K, Nettleton PF, Quirie M, Maley MA, Foster G, Toszeghy M, Newell DG. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect and differentiate Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Campylobacter fetus -species venerealis: use on UK isolates of C. fetus and other Campylobacter spp. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 99:758-66. [PMID: 16162226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Subspeciation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (CFF) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (CFV) is important for international animal import regulations. Phenotyping can be unreliable, and genotyping by techniques like pulsed field gel electrophoresis is difficult in routine diagnostic laboratories. A PCR subspeciation technique has been reported [Aust Vet J (1997) 75, 827]; we aimed to develop this PCR and investigate its use on UK C. fetus isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS We augmented the PCR with further primers, and tested 76 isolates of C. fetus and 16 isolates of other Campylobacter spp. PCR failed to correlate well with phenotyping, especially for CFV. We characterized the amplicon of the CFV-specific primers (reported as plasmid derived, but unavailable on the public databases); and predicted a parA gene sequence, anticipated to be plasmid-associated. However, although plasmid isolations from selected CFV isolates demonstrated the presence of several plasmids, there was no correlation between plasmid profile and PCR result. Further, the parA sequence was not detected by PCR in any of the plasmid bands. CONCLUSIONS This PCR is not suitable for subspeciation of C. fetus in the UK. The results suggest that this is a reflection of the presence of an unusual clone of CFV currently present in cattle in this country. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PCR cannot substitute for phenotyping of C. fetus isolates in the UK. The reasons for failure of PCR genotyping may reflect local strains and/or plasmid profiles. Further study is required to better elucidate molecular sub-speciation of C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Willoughby
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK.
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Kirkwood JK, Macgregor SK, Malnick H, Foster G. Unusual mortality incidents in tit species (family Paridae) associated with the novel bacterium Suttonella ornithocola. Vet Rec 2006; 158:203-5. [PMID: 16474055 DOI: 10.1136/vr.158.6.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Kirkwood
- Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY
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