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Riris P, Silva F, Crema E, Palmisano A, Robinson E, Siegel PE, French JC, Jørgensen EK, Maezumi SY, Solheim S, Bates J, Davies B, Oh Y, Ren X. Frequent disturbances enhanced the resilience of past human populations. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07354-8. [PMID: 38693262 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The record of past human adaptations provides crucial lessons for guiding responses to crises in the future1-3. To date, there have been no systematic global comparisons of humans' ability to absorb and recover from disturbances through time4,5. Here we synthesized resilience across a broad sample of prehistoric population time-frequency data, spanning 30,000 years of human history. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of population decline show that frequent disturbances enhance a population's capacity to resist and recover from later downturns. Land-use patterns are important mediators of the strength of this positive association: farming and herding societies are more vulnerable but also more resilient overall. The results show that important trade-offs exist when adopting new or alternative land-use strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Riris
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
| | - Fabio Silva
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Enrico Crema
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessio Palmisano
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Erick Robinson
- Native Environment Solutions, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter E Siegel
- Department of Anthropology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer C French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics, and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Shira Yoshi Maezumi
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Steinar Solheim
- The Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Bates
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yongje Oh
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Page AE, Ringen EJ, Koster J, Borgerhoff Mulder M, Kramer K, Shenk MK, Stieglitz J, Starkweather K, Ziker JP, Boyette AH, Colleran H, Moya C, Du J, Mattison SM, Greaves R, Sum CY, Liu R, Lew-Levy S, Kiabiya Ntamboudila F, Prall S, Towner MC, Blumenfield T, Migliano AB, Major-Smith D, Dyble M, Salali GD, Chaudhary N, Derkx IE, Ross CT, Scelza BA, Gurven MD, Winterhalder BP, Cortez C, Pacheco-Cobos L, Schacht R, Macfarlan SJ, Leonetti D, French JC, Alam N, Zohora FT, Kaplan HS, Hooper PL, Sear R. Women's subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318181121. [PMID: 38346210 PMCID: PMC10907265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318181121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
While it is commonly assumed that farmers have higher, and foragers lower, fertility compared to populations practicing other forms of subsistence, robust supportive evidence is lacking. We tested whether subsistence activities-incorporating market integration-are associated with fertility in 10,250 women from 27 small-scale societies and found considerable variation in fertility. This variation did not align with group-level subsistence typologies. Societies labeled as "farmers" did not have higher fertility than others, while "foragers" did not have lower fertility. However, at the individual level, we found strong evidence that fertility was positively associated with farming and moderate evidence of a negative relationship between foraging and fertility. Markers of market integration were strongly negatively correlated with fertility. Despite strong cross-cultural evidence, these relationships were not consistent in all populations, highlighting the importance of the socioecological context, which likely influences the diverse mechanisms driving the relationship between fertility and subsistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E. Page
- Division of Psychology, Brunel University of London, LondonUB8 3PN, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Erik J. Ringen
- University of Zürich, Zürich8050, Switzerland
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zürich, Zürich8050, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zürich, Zürich8050, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Koster
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Monique Borgerhoff Mulder
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Karen Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Mary K. Shenk
- Department of Anthropology, Penn State College of the Liberal Arts, State College, PA16801
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse31080, France
| | | | - John P. Ziker
- Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID83725
| | - Adam H. Boyette
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Heidi Colleran
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Cristina Moya
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Siobhán M. Mattison
- Department of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Russell Greaves
- Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Chun-Yi Sum
- Anthropology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Department of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Sheina Lew-Levy
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Francy Kiabiya Ntamboudila
- Faculté des Lettres, Arts, et Sciences Humaines, Département d’anthropologie, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Sean Prall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Mary C. Towner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078
| | - Tami Blumenfield
- Department of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | | | - Daniel Major-Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Dyble
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, LondonWC1H 0BW, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Chaudhary
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Inez E. Derkx
- Department of Anthropology, Universität Zürich, Zürich8050, Switzerland
| | - Cody T. Ross
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Brooke A. Scelza
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | | | | | - Luis Pacheco-Cobos
- Facultad de Biología–Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Zalapa-Enriquez91090, México
| | - Ryan Schacht
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC27858
| | | | - Donna Leonetti
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Settle, WA98105
| | - Jennifer C. French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7WZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nurul Alam
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka1213, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema tuz Zohora
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka1213, Bangladesh
| | - Hillard S. Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Rebecca Sear
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Spikins P, French JC, John-Wood S, Dytham C. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP. J Archaeol Method Theory 2021; 28:53-75. [PMID: 33679119 PMCID: PMC7891228 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-020-09503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Archaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different 'tolerance' levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with 'self-domestication'. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as 'modern human behaviour' than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10816-020-09503-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Spikins
- Department of Archaeology, Archaeology PalaeoHub, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jennifer C. French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics, and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7WZ UK
| | - Seren John-Wood
- York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis (YCCSA) Internship Programme, University of York, York, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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French JC, Chamberlain AT. Demographic uniformitarianism: the theoretical basis of prehistoric demographic research and its cross-disciplinary challenges. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 376:20190720. [PMID: 33250031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A principle of demographic uniformitarianism underpins all research into prehistoric demography (palaeodemography). This principle-which argues for continuity in the evolved mechanisms underlying modern human demographic processes and their response to environmental stimuli between past and present-provides the cross-disciplinary basis for palaeodemographic reconstruction and analysis. Prompted by the recent growth and interest in the field of prehistoric demography, this paper reviews the principle of demographic uniformitarianism, evaluates how it relates to two key debates in palaeodemographic research and seeks to delimit its range of applicability to past human and hominin populations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics, and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, 12-14 Abercromby Square, L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Andrew T Chamberlain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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French JC, Riris P, Fernandéz-López de Pablo J, Lozano S, Silva F. A manifesto for palaeodemography in the twenty-first century. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 376:20190707. [PMID: 33250019 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip Riris
- Institute for the Modelling of Socio-Environmental Transitions, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | | | | - Fabio Silva
- Institute for the Modelling of Socio-Environmental Transitions, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Page AE, French JC. Reconstructing prehistoric demography: What role for extant hunter-gatherers? Evol Anthropol 2020; 29:332-345. [PMID: 33103830 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Demography is central to biological, behavioral, and cultural evolution. Knowledge of the demography of prehistoric populations of both Homo sapiens and earlier members of the genus Homo is, therefore, key to the study of human evolution. Unfortunately, demographic processes (fertility, mortality, migration) leave little mark on the archeological and paleoanthropological records. One common solution to this issue is the application of demographic data from extant hunter-gatherers to prehistory. With the aim of strengthening this line of enquiry, here we outline some pitfalls and their interpretative implications. In doing so, we provide recommendations about the application of hunter-gatherer data to the study of demographic trends throughout human evolution. We use published demographic data from extant hunter-gatherers to show that it is the diversity seen among extant hunter-gatherers-both intra- and inter-population variability-that is most relevant and useful for understanding past hunter-gatherer demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Page
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer C French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Georgiou N, Morgan RM, French JC. Conceptualising, evaluating and communicating uncertainty in forensic science: Identifying commonly used tools through an interdisciplinary configurative review. Sci Justice 2020; 60:313-336. [PMID: 32650934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a set of tools for conceptualising, evaluating and communicating uncertainty in forensic science. Given that the concept of uncertainty is one that transcends disciplinary boundaries, an interdisciplinary configurative review was carried out incorporating the disciplines of medicine, environmental science and economics, in order to identify common themes which could have valuable applications to the discipline of forensic science. Critical Interpretive Synthesis was used to develop sub-synthetic and synthetic constructs which interpreted and synthesised the underlying evidence and codes. This study provides three toolkits, one each for conceptualisation, evaluation and communication. The study identified an underlying theme concerning the obstacles that would need to be overcome for the effective application of these toolkits and achieving effective conceptualisation, evaluation and communication of uncertainty in forensic science to lay-stakeholders. These toolkits offer a starting point for developing the conversation for achieving greater transparency in the communication of uncertainty. They also have the potential to offer stakeholders enhanced understanding of the nuances and limitations of forensic science evidence and enable more transparent evaluation and scrutiny of the reliability, relevance and probative value of forensic materials in a crime reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Georgiou
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK; UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK.
| | - R M Morgan
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK; UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK.
| | - J C French
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK; UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK.
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Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are two stages of development that are unique to the human life course. While childhood in the Pleistocene has received considerable attention in recent years, adolescence during the same period remains an understudied area of research. Yet it is during adolescence that key social, physical and cognitive milestones are reached. Thus, through studying adolescents, there is enormous potential for improving our understanding of Upper Palaeolithic lifeways more broadly. The reason for the dearth of these types of studies may be the perceived methodological difficulty of identifying adolescents in the archaeological record. In many ways, it is easier to distinguish children (sensu lato) from adults based on size, developmental age and associated artefacts. Adolescents, however, are often seen as more ambiguous, more liminal. Working within an evolutionary framework and using a definition of adolescence rooted in biology, we draw on psychology, ethnography and palaeodemography to develop a model of what it might have meant to be a 'teenager' in the European Upper Palaeolithic. Citing the biological, social and cognitive changes that occur during this life stage, we propose an important role of teenagers in the origins and spread of new ideas and innovations throughout the Late Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Nowell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, CanadaV8W 2Y2
| | - Jennifer C. French
- University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31–34 Gordon Square, LondonWC1H 0PY, UK
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Mellars P, French JC. Population changes across the Neanderthal-to-modern-human transition in western France: A reply to Dogandžić and McPherron (2013). J Hum Evol 2013; 65:330-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
European Neandertals were replaced by modern human populations from Africa ~40,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence from the best-documented region of Europe shows that during this replacement human populations increased by one order of magnitude, suggesting that numerical supremacy alone may have been a critical factor in facilitating this replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mellars
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.
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Showalter HD, Bunge RH, French JC, Hurley TR, Leeds RL, Leja B, McDonnell PD, Edmunds CR. Improved production of pentostatin and identification of fermentation cometabolites. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1992; 45:1914-8. [PMID: 1490883 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.45.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A practical process is described for the large-scale isolation of pentostatin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor used clinically for the treatment of interferon-refractory hairy cell leukemia. The identities of minor components in the fermentation beer, including 2'-deoxyguanosine, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Showalter
- Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Mamber SW, Mitulski JD, Hamelehle KL, French JC, Hokanson GC, Shillis JL, Leopold WR, Von Hoff DD, Tunac JB. Biological effects of acetomycin. I. Activity against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:73-6. [PMID: 3558118 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic acetomycin was active in vitro against HCT-8 human colon adenocarcinoma cells (IC50, 1.5 microgram/ml) and L1210 murine leukemia cells (IC50, 2.2 micrograms/ml). Acetomycin also had marked activity in the human tumor stem cell assay, with a 33% overall response rate (less than or equal to 30% survival) against 49 primary tumors. However, acetomycin was inactive in four in vivo tumor assay systems (L1210 and P388 leukemias, B16 melanoma and the MX-1 mammary xenograft system). This lack of in vivo activity may result from metabolic inactivation of acetomycin.
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Abstract
The isolation and characterization of the title antibiotics, which are produced by the same Streptomyces sp., is described. The potent antitumor agent, PD 124,895, is an analog of hydroxyelactocin (PD 114,721). PD 124,966 is a new member of the depsipeptide family of antibiotics.
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Wilton JH, Rithner CD, Hokanson GC, French JC. A novel sulfur-containing hexose from the antitumor antibiotics, PD 114,759 and PD 115,028. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986; 39:1349-50. [PMID: 3781932 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Two antibiotics were isolated from culture broths of a Streptomyces sp. and identified as 8"-hydroxypactamycin and 7-deoxypactamycin. The latter antibiotic was shown to be identical to cranomycin. An additional compound, 8"-hydroxypactamycate, was also isolated.
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Smitka TA, Bunge RH, Wilton JH, Hokanson GC, French JC, He CH, Clardy J. PD 116,152, a new phenazine antitumor antibiotic. Structure and antitumor activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986; 39:800-3. [PMID: 3755428 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new, highly substituted phenazine with antitumor activity was isolated from the culture broth of a Streptomyces sp. This compound, whose structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and verified by X-ray diffraction analysis, was found to be methyl 6-formyl-4,7,9-trihydroxy-8-methyl-1-phenazinecarboxylate.
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Abstract
The isolation and properties of PD 118,576, a new cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from the culture broth of a Streptomyces sp., are described. The structure of this compound was established by spectral analyses of the parent compound and its tri-O-acetyl derivative. PD 118,576 proved to be related to the bafilomycins and therefore is a new member of this recently discovered family of macrolide antibiotics.
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Abstract
A new antibiotic, PD 113,876, was isolated from the culture broth of a Streptomyces sp. and was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis to be the N-7 oxide of guanine. This novel antimetabolite is very active in vivo against L1210 lymphocytic leukemia.
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Bunge RH, Hurley TR, Smitka TA, Willmer NE, Brankiewicz AJ, Steinman CE, French JC. PD 114,759 and PD 115,028, novel antitumor antibiotics with phenomenal potency. I. Isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984; 37:1566-71. [PMID: 6526725 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.37.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of two new antibiotics, PD 114,759 and PD 115,028, exhibiting in vivo antitumor activity at extremely low doses is described. The physico-chemical properties of these sulfur-containing compounds show that they represent a novel class of antitumor agents.
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Abstract
Two new trichothecenes, PD 113,325 and PD 113,326, were isolated and their structures were shown to be 12'-hydroxy-2'-(E)-verrucarin J (1a) and a stereoisomer of satratoxin H (3).
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Stampwala SS, Bunge RH, Hurley TR, Willmer NE, Brankiewicz AJ, Steinman CE, Smitka TA, French JC. Novel antitumor agents CI-920, PD 113,270 and PD 113,271. II. Isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983; 36:1601-5. [PMID: 6689324 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.36.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A complex of structurally related compounds that exhibit in vivo antileukemic activity was isolated from fermentation broths of a new streptomycete. The components of this complex are water soluble phosphate esters containing a conjugated triene system. The isolation and characterization of three of these components are described.
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Bunge RH, McCready DE, Balta LA, Graham BD, French JC, Dion HW. Fingerprint methods used to identify known antineoplastic agents in culture filtrates. Recent Results Cancer Res 1978; 63:77-84. [PMID: 705016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81219-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kern DL, Bunge RH, French JC, Dion HW. The identification of epsilon-rhodomycinone and 7-deoxy-daunorubicinol aglycone in daunorubicin beers. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1977; 30:432-4. [PMID: 885802 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.30.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Marking procedures were combined with anatomical techniques to establish that in Funaria (1) the apical region does not act as an apical meristem contributing to seta growth, and (2) the subapical region contains an intercalary meristem the derivatives of which account for the elongation of the seta. In sporophytes that are 8 mm long there is a distinctive difference in the pattern of cell division in the apical and subapical regions. Large, undivided endothecial cells exist in the apical region, and a central strand of elongated cells occupies the analogous position in the subapical region. The apical region is earmarked to form the operculum and spore sac and part of the apophysis. There is an ontogenetic continuity between the seta and the lower portion of the apophysis, but the uppermost cells of the subapical region do not contribute to seta formation. Instead, these cells and those at the base of the apical region form a transitional zone between apical and subapical influences, and they account for most of the stomates that develop on the apophysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C French
- Section of Genetics, Development, and Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850
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Abstract
Marking procedures were combined with anatomical techniques to establish that in Funaria (1) the apical region does not act as an apical meristem contributing to seta growth, and (2) the subapical region contains an intercalary meristem the derivatives of which account for the elongation of the seta. In sporophytes that are 8 mm long there is a distinctive difference in the pattern of cell division in the apical and subapical regions. Large, undivided endothecial cells exist in the apical region, and a central strand of elongated cells occupies the analogous position in the subapical region. The apical region is earmarked to form the operculum and spore sac and part of the apophysis. There is an ontogenetic continuity between the seta and the lower portion of the apophysis, but the uppermost cells of the subapical region do not contribute to seta formation. Instead, these cells and those at the base of the apical region form a transitional zone between apical and subapical influences, and they account for most of the stomates that develop on the apophysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C French
- Section of Genetics, Development, and Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850
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