1
|
McDermott H, Simmonds J, Thyagarajan M, Islam L, Naik S, Titheradge H. Paediatric survivors beyond infancy with Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome - A case series from the West Midlands, UK. Eur J Med Genet 2023:104788. [PMID: 37295610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stüve-Wiedemann Syndrome (STWS) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by variants in the LIFR gene, presenting with respiratory failure, hyperthermia and skeletal dysplasia in the neonatal period. Historically identified as a lethal condition, more children are now managed holistically from early in life with multidisciplinary team involvement with improved outcomes. This stems from early diagnosis, supported by molecular testing in the pre and postnatal periods. This report includes five such cases with survival in childhood to 10 years old in the UK affected by skeletal abnormalities, hyperthermia, respiratory distress and their diagnostic odyssey. All cases have a molecular diagnosis; two patients (family 1) were found to be homozygous for a novel pathogenic LIFR variant NM_002310.5:c.704G > A, p.(Trp235Ter). One patient (family 2) is compound heterozygous with the previously reported LIFR variant NM_002310.5:c.756dup p.(Lys253Ter), and a second novel variant NM_002310.5:c.397+5G > A. Two patients (family 3) are homozygous for one of the same LIFR variants NM_002310.5:c.756dup p.(Lys253Ter) as in family 2. This report discusses genotypic and phenotypic data for five patients with STWS, as well as the need for multi-disciplinary, proactive management and genetic counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen McDermott
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Jennifer Simmonds
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory Hub Central Laboratory, Ashley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Mani Thyagarajan
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Radiology Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lily Islam
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Swati Naik
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah Titheradge
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berman M, Ali A, Macklam D, Garcia Saez D, Jothidasan A, Husain M, Stock U, Mehta V, Venkateswaran R, Curry P, Messer S, Mukadam M, Mascaro J, Clarke S, Baxter J, Tsui S, Large S, Osman M, Kaul P, Boda G, Jenkins D, Simmonds J, Quigley R, Whitney J, Gardiner D, Watson C, Rubino A, Currie I, Foley J, Macleod A, Slater C, Marley F, Downward L, Rushton S, Armstrong L, Ayton L, Ryan M, Parker M, Gibson S, Spence S, Quinn K, Watson S, Forsythe J. UK National DCD Heart Transplant Program - First Year Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
3
|
Leong Y, Simmonds J, Main E. The functional capacity of children with haemophilia in a single UK centre: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
4
|
Watson CM, Crinnion LA, Simmonds J, Camm N, Adlard J, Bonthron DT. Long-read nanopore sequencing enables accurate confirmation of a recurrent PMS2 insertion-deletion variant located in a region of complex genomic architecture. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:122-126. [PMID: 34116445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) is the predominant methodology for the molecular genetic diagnosis of inherited conditions. In many laboratories, NGS-identified variants are routinely validated using a different method, to minimize the risk of a false-positive diagnosis. This can be particularly important when pathogenic variants are located in complex genomic regions. In this situation, new long-read sequencing technologies have potential advantages over existing alternatives. However, practical examples of their utility for diagnostic purposes remain scant. Here, we report the use of nanopore sequencing to validate a PMS2 mutation refractory to conventional methods. In a patient who presented with colorectal cancer and loss of PMS2 immunostaining, short-read NGS of Lynch syndrome-associated genes identified the recurrent PMS2 insertion-deletion variant, c.736_741delinsTGTGTGTGAAG (p.Pro246Cysfs*3). Confirmation of this variant using bidirectional Sanger sequencing was impeded by an upstream intron 6 poly(T) tract. Using a locus-specific amplicon template, we undertook nanopore long-read sequencing in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of this platform. Pairwise comparison between a curated benchmark allele (derived from short-read NGS and unidirectional Sanger sequencing) and the consensus nanopore dataset revealed 100% sequence identity. Our experience provides insight into the robustness and ease of deployment of "third-generation" sequencing for accurate characterisation of pathogenic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Watson
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura A Crinnion
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Simmonds
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Camm
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Adlard
- The Clinical Genetics Department, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - David T Bonthron
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; The Clinical Genetics Department, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nachum E, Laurence C, Osman M, Hogan J, Baxter J, Quigley R, Messer S, Large S, Kaul P, Forsythe J, Henwood S, Fenton M, Davies B, Berman M, Simmonds J. Pediatric Heart Transplantation Following Donation after Circulatory Death, Distant Procurement and Ex-Situ Perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
McLachlan S, Kyrimi E, Dube K, Hitman G, Simmonds J, Fenton N. Towards standardisation of evidence-based clinical care process specifications. Health Informatics J 2020; 26:2512-2537. [DOI: 10.1177/1460458220906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong push towards standardisation of treatment approaches, care processes and documentation of clinical practice. However, confusion persists regarding terminology and description of many clinical care process specifications which this research seeks to resolve by developing a taxonomic characterisation of clinical care process specifications. Literature on clinical care process specifications was analysed, creating the starting point for identifying common characteristics and how each is constructed and used in the clinical setting. A taxonomy for clinical care process specifications is presented. The De Bleser approach to limited clinical care process specifications characterisation was extended and each clinical care process specification is successfully characterised in terms of purpose, core elements and relationship to the other clinical care process specification types. A case study on the diagnosis and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom was used to evaluate the taxonomy and demonstrate how the characterisation framework applies. Standardising clinical care process specifications ensures that the format and content are consistent with expectations, can be read more quickly and high-quality information can be recorded about the patient. Standardisation also enables computer interpretability, which is important in integrating Learning Health Systems into the modern clinical environment. The approach presented allows terminologies for clinical care process specifications that were widely used interchangeably to be easily distinguished, thus, eliminating the existing confusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott McLachlan
- Health informatics and Knowledge Engineering Research Group (HiKER), New Zealand; Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | - Kudakwashe Dube
- Health informatics and Knowledge Engineering Research Group (HiKER), New Zealand; Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bonnefoy S, Watson CM, Kernohan KD, Lemos M, Hutchinson S, Poulter JA, Crinnion LA, Berry I, Simmonds J, Vasudevan P, O'Callaghan C, Hirst RA, Rutman A, Huang L, Hartley T, Grynspan D, Moya E, Li C, Carr IM, Bonthron DT, Leroux M, Boycott KM, Bastin P, Sheridan EG. Biallelic Mutations in LRRC56, Encoding a Protein Associated with Intraflagellar Transport, Cause Mucociliary Clearance and Laterality Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:727-739. [PMID: 30388400 PMCID: PMC6218757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary defects in motile cilia result in dysfunction of the apparatus responsible for generating fluid flows. Defects in these mechanisms underlie disorders characterized by poor mucus clearance, resulting in susceptibility to chronic recurrent respiratory infections, often associated with infertility; laterality defects occur in about 50% of such individuals. Here we report biallelic variants in LRRC56 (known as oda8 in Chlamydomonas) identified in three unrelated families. The phenotype comprises laterality defects and chronic pulmonary infections. High-speed video microscopy of cultured epithelial cells from an affected individual showed severely dyskinetic cilia but no obvious ultra-structural abnormalities on routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further investigation revealed that LRRC56 interacts with the intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT88. The link with IFT was interrogated in Trypanosoma brucei. In this protist, LRRC56 is recruited to the cilium during axoneme construction, where it co-localizes with IFT trains and is required for the addition of dynein arms to the distal end of the flagellum. In T. brucei carrying LRRC56-null mutations, or a variant resulting in the p.Leu259Pro substitution corresponding to the p.Leu140Pro variant seen in one of the affected families, we observed abnormal ciliary beat patterns and an absence of outer dynein arms restricted to the distal portion of the axoneme. Together, our findings confirm that deleterious variants in LRRC56 result in a human disease and suggest that this protein has a likely role in dynein transport during cilia assembly that is evolutionarily important for cilia motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Bonnefoy
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christopher M Watson
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kristin D Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Moara Lemos
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Hutchinson
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - James A Poulter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura A Crinnion
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ian Berry
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jennifer Simmonds
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Chris O'Callaghan
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia, Institute of Child Health, University College London & Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Lijia Huang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Eduardo Moya
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 6R, UK
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ian M Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David T Bonthron
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michel Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Eamonn G Sheridan
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramaswamy M, Beeman A, Henwood S, Hawkyard A, Robertson A, Ridout D, Walker A, Patel R, Simmonds J, Muthialu N. Supplemental Use of Blood Cardioplegia Before Graft Implantation in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
9
|
Schon K, Rytina E, Drummond J, Simmonds J, Abbs S, Sandford R, Tischkowitz M. Evaluation of universal immunohistochemical screening of sebaceous neoplasms in a service setting. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:410-415. [PMID: 29333623 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a subtype of Lynch syndrome, which encompasses the combination of sebaceous skin tumours or keratoacanthomas and internal malignancy, due to mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Sebaceous neoplasms (SNs) may occur before other malignancies, and may lead to the diagnosis, which allows testing of other family members, cancer surveillance, risk-reducing surgery or prevention therapies. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of universal immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening of SNs in a service setting. METHODS Patients with SNs were ascertained by a regional clinical pathology service over a 3-year period. Results of tumour IHC, clinical genetics notes and germline genetic testing were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS In total, 62 patients presented with 71 SNs; 9 (15%) of these patients had previously diagnosed MTS. Tumour IHC was performed for 50 of the 53 remaining patients (94%); 26 (52%) had loss of staining of one or more mismatch repair proteins. Fifteen patients were referred to the Clinical Genetics department, and 10 patients underwent germline genetic testing. Two had a new diagnosis of MTS confirmed, with heterozygous pathogenic mutations detected in the MSH2 and PMS2 genes (diagnostic yield 20%). The PMS2 mutation was identified in a 57-year-old woman with a sebaceous adenoma and history of endometrial cancer; to our knowledge, this is the first time a PMS2 mutation has been reported in MTS. CONCLUSIONS Universal IHC screening of SNs is an effective method to identify cases for further genetic evaluation. Rates of referral to clinical genetics were only moderate (58%). Increased awareness of MTS could help improve the rate of onward referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schon
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Rytina
- Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Drummond
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Simmonds
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Laboratories, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Abbs
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Sandford
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Yorkshire Regional Genetics Laboratories, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Tischkowitz
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Day T, Sylvan A, Christoforides S, Hannon E, Curry J, Fenton M, Burch M, Simmonds J. Pancreatitis Following Paediatric Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Simmonds J, Castori M, Pacey V, Keer R. Advancing practice in joint hypermobility syndrome/ Ehlers Danlos syndrome – Hypermobility type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Simmonds J, Hakim A, Herbland A, Ninis N, Aziz Q, Lever W, Cairns M. Exercise beliefs and behaviours amongst individuals with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers Danlos Syndrome – Hypermobility type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Fenton M, Simmonds J, Shah V, Brogan P, Klein N, Deanfield J, Burch M. Inflammatory Cytokines, Endothelial Function, and Chronic Allograft Vasculopathy in Children: An Investigation of the Donor and Recipient Vasculature After Heart Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1559-68. [PMID: 26614396 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits the lifespan of pediatric heart transplant recipients. We investigated blood markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and damage to both the native and transplanted vasculature in children after heart transplantation. Serum samples were taken from pediatric heart transplant recipients for markers of inflammation and endothelial activation. The systemic vasculature was investigated using brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation and carotid artery intima-medial hyperplasia. CAV was investigated using intravascular ultrasound. Mean intima-media thickness (mIMT) > 0.5 mm was used to define significant CAV. Forty-eight children (25 male) aged 8-18 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were a median (interquartile range) 4.1 (2.2-8.7) years after transplant. Patients had increased levels of circulating IL6 (3.86 [2.84-4.95] vs. 1.66 [1.22-2.63] p < 0.0001), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (539 [451-621] vs. 402 [342-487] p < 0.001), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 305 (247-346) vs. 256 (224-294) p = 0.002 and thrombomodulin (7.1 [5.5-8.1] vs. 3.57 [3.03-4.71] p < 0.0001) and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, E selectin, and P selectin, compared with controls. The systemic vasculature was unaffected. Patients with severe CAV had raised serum von Willebrand factor and decreased serum thrombomodulin. Posttransplant thrombomodulin levels are elevated after transplant but significantly lower in those with mIMT > 0.5 mm. This suggests that subclinical inflammation is present and that natural anticoagulant/thrombomodulin activity is important after transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fenton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Simmonds
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Shah
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Brogan
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Deanfield
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, London, UK
| | - M Burch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palmer S, Terry R, Rimes K, Clark C, Simmonds J, Horwood J. Physiotherapy management of joint hypermobility syndrome – a focus group study of patient and health professional perspectives. Physiotherapy 2016; 102:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Simmonds J, Ninis N, Chase J, Meadows N, Rawat D, Watson T. Interferential for slow transit constipation in children with Ehlers Danlos Syndrome – Hypermobility Type: a novel service development. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Bennett A, Watson T, Simmonds J. The efficacy of the use of manual therapy in the management of tendinopathy: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Lyell M, Simmonds J, Deane J. Physiotherapists’ knowledge and management of adults with hypermobility and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in the UK: a nationwide online survey. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Simmonds J, Cairns M, Ninis N, Lever W, Aziz Q, Hakim A. Attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards exercise amongst individuals with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers Danlos Syndrome – Hypermobility Type. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Palmer S, Terry R, Rimes K, Clark C, Simmonds J, Horwood J. Physiotherapy management of joint hypermobility syndrome—patient and therapist perspectives. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Pentreath RJ, Lochard J, Larsson CM, Cool DA, Strand P, Simmonds J, Copplestone D, Oughton D, Lazo E. ICRP Publication 124: Protection of the Environment under Different Exposure Situations. Ann ICRP 2014; 43:1-58. [PMID: 25915706 DOI: 10.1177/0146645313497456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the Commission describes its framework for protection of the environment and how it should be applied within the Commission’s system of protection. The report expands upon its objectives in relation to protection of the environment, in so far as it relates to the protection of animals and plants (biota) in their natural environment, and how these can be met by the use of Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs); their Derived Consideration Reference Levels (DCRLs), which relate radiation effects to doses over and above their normal local background natural radiation levels; and different potential pathways of exposure. The report explains the different types of exposure situations to which its recommendations apply; the key principles that are relevant to protection of the environment; and hence how reference values based on the use of DCRLs can be used to inform on the appropriate level of effort relevant to different exposure situations. Further recommendations are made with regard to how the Commission’s recommendations can be implemented to satisfy different forms of environmental protection objectives, which may require the use of representative organisms specific to a site, and how these may be compared with the reference values. Additional information is also given with regard to, in particular, communication with other interested parties and stakeholders. Issues that may arise in relation to compliance are also discussed, and the final chapter discusses the overall implications of the Commission’s work in this area to date. Appendices A and B provide some numerical information relating to the RAPs. Annex C considers various existing types of environmental protection legislation currently in place in relation to large industrial sites and practices, and the various ways in which wildlife are protected from various threats arising from such sites.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaniman DT, Bish DL, Ming DW, Bristow TF, Morris RV, Blake DF, Chipera SJ, Morrison SM, Treiman AH, Rampe EB, Rice M, Achilles CN, Grotzinger JP, McLennan SM, Williams J, Bell JF, Newsom HE, Downs RT, Maurice S, Sarrazin P, Yen AS, Morookian JM, Farmer JD, Stack K, Milliken RE, Ehlmann BL, Sumner DY, Berger G, Crisp JA, Hurowitz JA, Anderson R, Des Marais DJ, Stolper EM, Edgett KS, Gupta S, Spanovich N, Agard C, Alves Verdasca JA, Anderson R, Archer D, Armiens-Aparicio C, Arvidson R, Atlaskin E, Atreya S, Aubrey A, Baker B, Baker M, Balic-Zunic T, Baratoux D, Baroukh J, Barraclough B, Bean K, Beegle L, Behar A, Bender S, Benna M, Bentz J, Berger J, Berman D, Blanco Avalos JJ, Blaney D, Blank J, Blau H, Bleacher L, Boehm E, Botta O, Bottcher S, Boucher T, Bower H, Boyd N, Boynton B, Breves E, Bridges J, Bridges N, Brinckerhoff W, Brinza D, Brunet C, Brunner A, Brunner W, Buch A, Bullock M, Burmeister S, Cabane M, Calef F, Cameron J, Campbell JI, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Caride Rodriguez J, Carmosino M, Carrasco Blazquez I, Charpentier A, Choi D, Clark B, Clegg S, Cleghorn T, Cloutis E, Cody G, Coll P, Conrad P, Coscia D, Cousin A, Cremers D, Cros A, Cucinotta F, d'Uston C, Davis S, Day MK, de la Torre Juarez M, DeFlores L, DeLapp D, DeMarines J, Dietrich W, Dingler R, Donny C, Drake D, Dromart G, Dupont A, Duston B, Dworkin J, Dyar MD, Edgar L, Edwards C, Edwards L, Ehresmann B, Eigenbrode J, Elliott B, Elliott H, Ewing R, Fabre C, Fairen A, Farley K, Fassett C, Favot L, Fay D, Fedosov F, Feldman J, Feldman S, Fisk M, Fitzgibbon M, Flesch G, Floyd M, Fluckiger L, Forni O, Fraeman A, Francis R, Francois P, Franz H, Freissinet C, French KL, Frydenvang J, Gaboriaud A, Gailhanou M, Garvin J, Gasnault O, Geffroy C, Gellert R, Genzer M, Glavin D, Godber A, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Golovin D, Gomez Gomez F, Gomez-Elvira J, Gondet B, Gordon S, Gorevan S, Grant J, Griffes J, Grinspoon D, Guillemot P, Guo J, Guzewich S, Haberle R, Halleaux D, Hallet B, Hamilton V, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Harpold D, Harri AM, Harshman K, Hassler D, Haukka H, Hayes A, Herkenhoff K, Herrera P, Hettrich S, Heydari E, Hipkin V, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Hudgins J, Huntress W, Hviid S, Iagnemma K, Indyk S, Israel G, Jackson R, Jacob S, Jakosky B, Jensen E, Jensen JK, Johnson J, Johnson M, Johnstone S, Jones A, Jones J, Joseph J, Jun I, Kah L, Kahanpaa H, Kahre M, Karpushkina N, Kasprzak W, Kauhanen J, Keely L, Kemppinen O, Keymeulen D, Kim MH, Kinch K, King P, Kirkland L, Kocurek G, Koefoed A, Kohler J, Kortmann O, Kozyrev A, Krezoski J, Krysak D, Kuzmin R, Lacour JL, Lafaille V, Langevin Y, Lanza N, Lasue J, Le Mouelic S, Lee EM, Lee QM, Lees D, Lefavor M, Lemmon M, Malvitte AL, Leshin L, Leveille R, Lewin-Carpintier E, Lewis K, Li S, Lipkaman L, Little C, Litvak M, Lorigny E, Lugmair G, Lundberg A, Lyness E, Madsen M, Mahaffy P, Maki J, Malakhov A, Malespin C, Malin M, Mangold N, Manhes G, Manning H, Marchand G, Marin Jimenez M, Martin Garcia C, Martin D, Martin M, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Mauchien P, McAdam A, McCartney E, McConnochie T, McCullough E, McEwan I, McKay C, McNair S, Melikechi N, Meslin PY, Meyer M, Mezzacappa A, Miller H, Miller K, Minitti M, Mischna M, Mitrofanov I, Moersch J, Mokrousov M, Molina Jurado A, Moores J, Mora-Sotomayor L, Mueller-Mellin R, Muller JP, Munoz Caro G, Nachon M, Navarro Lopez S, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Nealson K, Nefian A, Nelson T, Newcombe M, Newman C, Nikiforov S, Niles P, Nixon B, Noe Dobrea E, Nolan T, Oehler D, Ollila A, Olson T, Owen T, de Pablo Hernandez MA, Paillet A, Pallier E, Palucis M, Parker T, Parot Y, Patel K, Paton M, Paulsen G, Pavlov A, Pavri B, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pepin R, Peret L, Perez R, Perrett G, Peterson J, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Pla-Garcia J, Plante I, Poitrasson F, Polkko J, Popa R, Posiolova L, Posner A, Pradler I, Prats B, Prokhorov V, Purdy SW, Raaen E, Radziemski L, Rafkin S, Ramos M, Raulin F, Ravine M, Reitz G, Renno N, Richardson M, Robert F, Robertson K, Rodriguez Manfredi JA, Romeral-Planello JJ, Rowland S, Rubin D, Saccoccio M, Salamon A, Sandoval J, Sanin A, Sans Fuentes SA, Saper L, Sautter V, Savijarvi H, Schieber J, Schmidt M, Schmidt W, Scholes DD, Schoppers M, Schroder S, Schwenzer S, Sebastian Martinez E, Sengstacken A, Shterts R, Siebach K, Siili T, Simmonds J, Sirven JB, Slavney S, Sletten R, Smith M, Sobron Sanchez P, Spray J, Squyres S, Stalport F, Steele A, Stein T, Stern J, Stewart N, Stipp SLS, Stoiber K, Sucharski B, Sullivan R, Summons R, Sun V, Supulver K, Sutter B, Szopa C, Tan F, Tate C, Teinturier S, ten Kate I, Thomas P, Thompson L, Tokar R, Toplis M, Torres Redondo J, Trainer M, Tretyakov V, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, VanBommel S, Varenikov A, Vasavada A, Vasconcelos P, Vicenzi E, Vostrukhin A, Voytek M, Wadhwa M, Ward J, Webster C, Weigle E, Wellington D, Westall F, Wiens RC, Wilhelm MB, Williams A, Williams R, Williams RBM, Wilson M, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wolff M, Wong M, Wray J, Wu M, Yana C, Yingst A, Zeitlin C, Zimdar R, Zorzano Mier MP. Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1243480. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
22
|
Mimic B, Brown KL, Oswal N, Simmonds J, Hsia TY, Tsang VT, De Leval MR, Kostolny M. Neither age at repair nor previous palliation affects outcome in tetralogy of Fallot repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:92-8; discussion 99. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
23
|
Simmonds J, Fenton M, Scott C, Latch H, Charakida M, Burch M. 542: The Systemic Vascular Impairment Seen in CMV-Positive Transplant Recipients Is a Purely Post-Transplant Phenomenon. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Gosman N, Steed A, Simmonds J, Leverington-Waite M, Wang Y, Snape J, Nicholson P. Susceptibility to Fusarium head blight is associated with the Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing allele in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:1145-53. [PMID: 18347773 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat worldwide. The cultivar Spark is more resistant than most other UK winter wheat varieties but the genetic basis for this is not known. A mapping population from a cross between Spark and the FHB susceptible variety Rialto was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance. QTL analysis across environments revealed nine QTL for FHB resistance and four QTL for plant height (PH). One FHB QTL was coincident with the Rht-1D locus and accounted for up to 51% of the phenotypic variance. The enhanced FHB susceptibility associated with Rht-D1b is not an effect of PH per se as other QTL for height segregating in this population have no influence on susceptibility. Experiments with near-isogenic lines supported the association between susceptibility and the Rht-D1b allele conferring the semi-dwarf habit. Our results demonstrate that lines carrying the Rht-1Db semi-dwarfing allele are compromised in resistance to initial infection (type I resistance) while being unaffected in resistance to spread within the spike (type II resistance).
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Simmonds
- Department of Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hilton J, Harvey M, Simmonds J. The combined impact on doses to man of multiple, authorized, radionuclide discharges for the year 1999 reaching the upper river thames, uk. Health Phys 2004; 87:33-45. [PMID: 15194920 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200407000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Before issuing a new or revised authorization to discharge liquid radioactive waste to a river, past and current practice has been to assess the impact of each discharge on a site-by-site basis. This paper reports an assessment of the combined impact of all the (year 1999) authorized discharges in the upper River Thames (UK) catchment. A modification of the PC-CREAM model, using parameters specific to the upper River Thames, was used to estimate "potential doses" to the population, using the authorized discharge activity for each of the discharges as the main driving variable. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in doses between single and multiple discharges in the Thames. A partial validation of the model against measurements was also carried out as a secondary investigation. The source term of the upper Thames consisted of 90 authorized discharges for 86 sites, made up of three nuclear licensed sites, 36 industrial discharges, 25 research organizations, 20 hospitals and two miscellaneous organizations. Of the authorized discharges, nuclear sites constituted 67% of the total activity in authorizations to discharge; hospitals 16%, research organizations 13%, and industry only 3%. Three radionuclides made up 96% of the total authorized discharge activity: tritium-74%; Tc-15%, and C-7%. No other single radionuclide constituted more than 1.5% of the total activity. All of the discharges from non-nuclear sites were via a sewage works so that, in total, only 39 discrete discharges to the river were included in the model. For the purposes of the assessments, it was assumed that all discharges were at the authorized limits (rather than using actual discharge). Even with this maximizing assumption, all the calculated potential doses from the combined source terms were significantly less than the radiation dose limit of 1 mSv y for a member of the public. The highest estimated potential doses were investigated further to identify the major pathways. Ingestion of fish was the main pathway in several river stretches and in the highest case constituted 97% of the dose. In a few stretches, external irradiation from the riverbank or ingestion of drinking water were the main pathways, but the potential contribution was a very small percentage (<1%) of the dose limit for members of the public. An investigation of the reasons for the relatively high potential doses resulting from fish showed that the radionuclide with the largest contribution was P. Three factors had a major effect on potential dose estimations in these circumstances: the fish consumption rate, the P concentration factor and the use of P in some cases to represent radionuclides authorized for discharge as "any other radionuclide, except alpha emitters." Using the precautionary principle, all authorized activity in the latter designation was modeled as the radionuclide which would produce the highest dose to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hilton
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Dorset (formerly the Institute of Freshwater Ecology), Winfrith Technology Centre, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8ZD UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Betti M, Aldave de las Heras L, Janssens A, Henrich E, Hunter G, Gerchikov M, Dutton M, van Weers AW, Nielsen S, Simmonds J, Bexon A, Sazykina T. Results of the European Commission Marina II study: part II--effects of discharges of naturally occurring radioactive material. J Environ Radioact 2004; 74:255-277. [PMID: 15063553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are produced through various industrial operations and may lead to discharges to the marine environment. A recent study, called MARINA II, carried out for the European Commission considered discharges of radionuclides from the NORM industries to north European marine waters and their consequences. There are two main sources that were considered in the study. The use of phosphogypsum during the production of phosphoric acid by the fertiliser industry and the pumping of oil and gas from the continental shelf in the North Sea which produces large quantities of water contaminated with enhanced levels of naturally occurring radionuclides. Discharges of alpha emitting radionuclides from these two industries have contributed significantly to the total input of alpha emitters to north European waters over the period 1981-2000 (data were not available prior to 1981). Discharges due to the use of phosphogypsum have declined since the early 1990s and are now very low. Discharges from the oil and gas industries stabilised in the second half of the 1990s and are now the major contributor to alpha discharges to the region. As most European countries do not report discharges of radioactivity with the water produced during extraction, there is considerable uncertainty in the discharges used in the study. The impact of the discharges has been estimated both in terms of the effect on non-human biota and the radiological impact for people. In the 1980s the radiation dose rates to marine biota in the region around a phosphate plant on the north-west coast of England were as high due to the discharges from the phosphate plant as those near to the Sellafield reprocessing plant due to its discharges. In recent years the additional dose to marine biota in this region due to the past NORM discharges is of the same order of magnitude as the natural background. The collective dose rate was estimated to determine the radiological impact on people. The peak collective dose rate from the NORM industries occurred in 1984 and was just over 600 manSv y(-1). The collective dose rate fell with time as discharges from the phosphate industry reduced and was estimated as under 200 manSv y(-1) in 2000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Betti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Betti M, Aldave de las Heras L, Janssens A, Henrich E, Hunter G, Gerchikov M, Dutton M, van Weers AW, Nielsen S, Simmonds J, Bexon A, Sazykina T. Results of the European Commission MARINA II study: part I--general information and effects of discharges by the nuclear industry. J Environ Radioact 2004; 74:243-254. [PMID: 15063552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the collated data relevant to discharges by the nuclear industry, it results that the input of beta activity (excluding Chernobyl fallout and tritium) into the OSPAR region decreased by a factor of 4 from 1986 to 1991, reaching by this date the same level as in the early 1950s. Over the same period the discharges of the alpha activity into the OSPAR region also decreased by a factor 3, the same trend has been seen also for tritium. Since 1986 the effective dose to members of the critical group in the vicinity of Sellafield and Cap de La Hague was consistently below the ICRP and EU limit of 1 mSv per year to members of the general public. The overall radiological impact from nuclear industry on the population of the European Union from the OSPAR area has decreased from 280 manSv y(-1) in 1978 to 14 manSv y(-1) in 2000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Betti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malik K, Wu K, Li XQ, Martin-Heller T, Hu M, Foster E, Tian L, Wang C, Ward K, Jordan M, Brown D, Gleddie S, Simmonds D, Zheng S, Simmonds J, Miki B. A constitutive gene expression system derived from the tCUP cryptic promoter elements. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 105:505-514. [PMID: 12582498 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Accepted: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A limited number of constitutive promoters have been used to direct transgene expression in plants and they are often derived from non-plant sources. Here, we describe novel gene-regulatory elements which are associated with a cryptic constitutive promoter from tobacco, tCUP, and modifications that were made to create a strong gene-expression system that is effective across all living cell types from a wide range of plant species, including several important crops ( Arabidopsis, canola, flax, alfalfa, tobacco). The tCUP 5' untranslated region was mutated to eliminate translational interference by upstream ATGs, and the influence of the Kozak consensus sequence on the levels of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene activity was demonstrated. These modifications resulted in expression that was greatly enhanced in all organs. A TATA consensus sequence was added to the core promoter to complement an existing Initiator (Inr) sequence. Although this addition was known to elevate core promoter activity by 3-fold the additive effect on the overall gene-expression system was marginal in all of the transgenic plants tested. Two transcriptional enhancers were identified and the region containing them were oligomerized, yielding a significant increase in marker gene-expression in some but not all plant species. In general, the enhanced tCUP gene-expression system generated levels of GUS activity which exceeded that of the 35S promoter in most plant species and the elevation in activity occurred uniformly among the various plant organs. The potential benefit of cryptic elements for the construction of gene-expression systems for crop species is discussed
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Malik
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Room 2091, KW Neatby Bldg, CEF, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Black MD, Simmonds J, Senyah Y, Wettstein JG. Neonatal nitric oxide synthase inhibition: social interaction deficits in adulthood and reversal by antipsychotic drugs. Neuropharmacology 2002; 42:414-20. [PMID: 11897119 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is thought to migrate improperly during development in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Also it is known that nitric oxide (NO) effects synaptogenesis during development of the CNS. Previously we have shown that neonatal treatment with a NOS inhibitor effects an animal's sensitivity to amphetamine and PCP. In the present study, neonatal rats were challenged with a NOS inhibitor (L-nitroarginine, 10mg/kg, s.c.) daily on post-natal days (PD) three, four and five. L-Nitroarginine (L-NoArg) treated male rats at adulthood (PD56 and older) had a deficit in social interaction (SI) when placed in an environment with another foreign male rat and this deficit was reproducible on a weekly basis for at least five weeks. Haloperidol failed to significantly reverse this deficit before pronounced secondary effects on general behavior were seen at high doses. However, the atypical antipsychotics, clozapine and olanzapine, were able to significantly reverse this deficit at doses which did not effect baseline SI values. In a separate cohort of animals the effect of DOI was investigated, this was done to ascertain if there was a differential sensitivity of serotonergic pathways in this model. There was no difference in the behavioral score elicited from control or NoArg-treated rats. It is suggested that the SI deficits seen here may be more sensitive to atypical antipsychotics rather than haloperidol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Black
- Aventis Pharmaceuticals, CNS Pharmacology, Route 202-206, PO Box 6800, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Simmonds J. Invited editorial: assessing the risks of leukaemia from ionising radiation exposure. J Radiol Prot 2000; 20:349-351. [PMID: 11140708 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/20/4/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
32
|
Pozolotina VN, Trapeznikov AV, Kabianka T, Beckson AP, Simmonds J. Calculation of the dose loads to the population in the town of brodokalmaka as a result of contamination of the techa river. ATOM ENERGY+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02673322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Bender M, Simmonds J, Lockwood J. An active solution for health. Elder Care 1995; 7:20, 22-3. [PMID: 7647749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
36
|
Robert LS, Gerster J, Allard S, Cass L, Simmonds J. Molecular characterization of two Brassica napus genes related to oleosins which are highly expressed in the tapetum. Plant J 1994; 6:927-933. [PMID: 7849761 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6060927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two highly homologous Brassica napus flower cDNA clones, Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9, were isolated and characterized. These clones were shown to correspond to genes expressed in the tapetum from the early uninucleate microspore stage to the dinucleate stage. The predicted Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9 proteins possessed characteristics similar to oleosins such as a polar N-terminal domain, a large relatively conserved hydrophobic domain and a long C-terminal domain which consisted of four different groups of repeats. In addition, like oleosins, the Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9 proteins have a basic pI, lack a signal peptide and are found in a tissue which accumulates lipids in small lipid bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Robert
- Plant Research Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robert LS, Allard S, Gerster JL, Cass L, Simmonds J. Molecular analysis of two Brassica napus genes expressed in the stigma. Plant Mol Biol 1994; 26:1217-1222. [PMID: 7811980 DOI: 10.1007/bf00040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A partial cDNA clone, Pis 63, corresponding to a mRNA highly expressed in Brassica napus pistils, was isolated by differential screening. PCR was used to complete the Pis 63 sequence (Pis 63-1) and to obtain the sequence of another related cDNA (Pis 63-2). Northern blot and in situ analyses demonstrated that these transcripts are expressed in the stigma throughout flower development. Pis 63-1 and Pis 63-2 display similarity to a cotton fibre cDNA clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Robert
- Plant Research Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Robert LS, Allard S, Gerster JL, Cass L, Simmonds J. Isolation and characterization of a polygalacturonase gene highly expressed in Brassica napus pollen. Plant Mol Biol 1993; 23:1273-1278. [PMID: 8292791 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone, Sta 44-4, corresponding to a mRNA highly expressed in Brassica napus cv. Westar stamens, was isolated by differential screening and characterized. Northern blot and in situ analyses demonstrated that Sta 44-4 is synthesized in pollen beginning at the late uninucleate stage and reaches a maximum in trinucleate microspores. Sta 44-4 displayed significant sequence similarity to known pollen polygalacturonase genes. The B. napus pollen polygalacturonase gene was shown to be part of a small gene family and to display some polymorphism among different cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Robert
- Plant Research Centre, Centre Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Simmonds J, Blake R. Stress levels in nurse education. Sr Nurse 1992; 12:16-9. [PMID: 1299872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
40
|
|