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Horacek J, Lukes S, Adamek J, Havlicek J, Entler S, Seidl J, Cavalier J, Cikhardt J, Sedmidubsky V. Novel concept suppressing plasma heat pulses in a tokamak by fast divertor sweeping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17013. [PMID: 36220883 PMCID: PMC9554185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the remaining challenges in magnetic thermonuclear fusion is survival of the heat shield protecting the tokamak reactor vessel against excessive plasma heat fluxes. Unmitigated high confinement edge localized mode (ELM) is a regular heat pulse damaging the heat shield. We suggest a novel concept of magnetic sweeping of the plasma contact strike point fast and far enough in order to spread this heat pulse. We demonstrate feasibility of a dedicated copper coil in a resonant circuit, including the induced currents and power electronics. We predict the DEMO ELM properties, simulate heat conduction, 3D particles motion and magnetic fields of the plasma and coil in COMSOL Multiphysics and Matlab. The dominant system parameter is voltage, feasible 18 kV yields 1 kHz sweeping frequency, suppressing the ELM-induced surface temperature rise by a factor of 3. Multiplied by other known mitigation concepts, ELMs might be mitigated enough to ensure safe operation of DEMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horacek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - S Lukes
- FNSPE, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Havlicek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Entler
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Seidl
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Cavalier
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Cikhardt
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.,FEL, Czech Technical University, Technická 2, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Grenfell G, Manz P, Conway G, Eich T, Adamek J, Brida D, Komm M, Nishizawa T, Griener M, Tal B, Stroth U. Turbulence in the near scrape-off layer towards the L-mode density limit in ASDEX-Upgrade. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Weckmann A, Petersson P, Varju J, Jerab M, Horacek J, Adamek J, Vondracek P, Fortuna E, Hron M, Rubel M. 3D deposition patterns of deuterium retention and impurities in the COMPASS divertor: a data-driven root cause analysis and prediction approach. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Grenfell G, Adamek J, Komm M, Brida D, Conway GD, Manz P, Tolias P, Eich T, Sestak D, Herrmann A, Nishizawa T, Stroth U. High-heat flux ball-pen probe head in ASDEX-Upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:023507. [PMID: 35232131 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new high heat flux ball-pen probe head installed on the midplane manipulator is currently being used in ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG). The probe was designed to withstand high heat fluxes making possible the investigation of the plasma edge under harsh conditions, such as low power H-mode. Composed of seven pins (four Langmuir probes, mounted in two Mach probe pairs, and three ball-pen probes), the new probe head allows us to measure several plasma parameters simultaneously and with high temporal resolution. A novel method to correct the sheath potential dynamically accounting for the total secondary electron emission is introduced together with applications to obtain the electron temperature and plasma potential profiles. The total secondary electron emission yield is obtained from particle in cell simulations in AUG condition and probe realistic impact angle with respect to the magnetic field. Finally, the probe capability to investigate turbulence around the separatrix of AUG is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grenfell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - M Komm
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D Brida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - G D Conway
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - P Manz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - P Tolias
- Division of Space and Plasma Physics, Association EUROfusion-VR, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Teknikringen 31, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Eich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - D Sestak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Herrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - T Nishizawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - U Stroth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
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5
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Walęcka-Kurczyk A, Adamek J, Walczak K, Michalak M, Październiok-Holewa A. Non-Kolbe electrolysis of N-protected-α-amino acids: a standardized method for the synthesis of N-protected (1-methoxyalkyl)amines. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2107-2114. [PMID: 35425224 PMCID: PMC8979322 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a standardized method for the synthesis of N-protected (1-methoxyalkyl)amines by the electrochemical decarboxylative α-methoxylation of α-amino acid derivatives using the commercially available, easy-to-use, compact ElectraSyn 2.0 setup. The use of equipment with a standardized power source, electrodes, and other accessories allows this experimental procedure to be easily transferred to any laboratory in the world. A simple workup and chromatography-free purification produced the products in excellent yields above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walęcka-Kurczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 8 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - J Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 8 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - K Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - M Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - A Październiok-Holewa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology B. Krzywoustego 8 44-100 Gliwice Poland
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6
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Vondracek P, Panek R, Hron M, Havlicek J, Weinzettl V, Todd T, Tskhakaya D, Cunningham G, Hacek P, Hromadka J, Junek P, Krbec J, Patel N, Sestak D, Varju J, Adamek J, Balazsova M, Balner V, Barton P, Bielecki J, Bilkova P, Błocki J, Bocian D, Bogar K, Bogar O, Boocz P, Borodkina I, Brooks A, Bohm P, Burant J, Casolari A, Cavalier J, Chappuis P, Dejarnac R, Dimitrova M, Dudak M, Duran I, Ellis R, Entler S, Fang J, Farnik M, Ficker O, Fridrich D, Fukova S, Gerardin J, Hanak I, Havranek A, Herrmann A, Horacek J, Hronova O, Imrisek M, Isernia N, Jaulmes F, Jerab M, Kindl V, Komm M, Kovarik K, Kral M, Kripner L, Macusova E, Majer T, Markovic T, Matveeva E, Mikszuta-Michalik K, Mohelnik M, Mysiura I, Naydenkova D, Nemec I, Ortwein R, Patocka K, Peterka M, Podolnik A, Prochazka F, Prevratil J, Reboun J, Scalera V, Scholz M, Svoboda J, Swierblewski J, Sos M, Tadros M, Titus P, Tomes M, Torres A, Tracz G, Turjanica P, Varavin M, Veselovsky V, Villone F, Wąchal P, Yanovskiy V, Zadvitskiy G, Zajac J, Zak A, Zaloga D, Zelda J, Zhang H. Preliminary design of the COMPASS upgrade tokamak. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Kalaskar S, Adamek J. 689 Silac (Sinus Laser-Assisted Closure) For Pilonidal Sinus: Our NHS Experience. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The accepted treatment of pilonidal disease still consists of surgical excision with primary wound closure. This treatment has complications such as excessive pain, delayed wound healing, and recurrence. We introduced this technique using a radial laser probe (SiLaCTM, Biolitec, Germany). Previous studies have shown encouraging results with respect to safety, patient satisfaction, and minimal recurrence rates.
Method
The pilot project was planned with the objectives to assess postoperative complications and reoperation rates. All operations were performed as day case procedures under general anaesthesia. We studied the data of our first 25patients operated with this technique between January 2019 and December 2019 using a prospective database and outpatient clinic follow up.
Results
The median follow up duration was 13 months. The initial success rate was 64%(16/25), reoperation was required in 32%(8/25) and one patient was lost to follow up. one patient returned with abscess formation in the postoperative period.
Conclusions
SiLaC is a safe and minimally invasive technique for the destruction of the pilonidal cyst and sinus. The success rate is modest, making this new therapy a minimally invasive option for the majority of the patients with pilonidal disease but it should be offered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalaskar
- Dartford and Gravesham NHS trust, Dartford, United Kingdom
- Queen Mary's hospital, Sidcup, United Kingdom
| | - J Adamek
- Dartford and Gravesham NHS trust, Dartford, United Kingdom
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8
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Dejarnac R, Horacek J, Hron M, Jerab M, Adamek J, Atikukke S, Barton P, Cavalier J, Cecrdle J, Dimitrova M, Gauthier E, Iafrati M, Imrisek M, Marin Roldan A, Mazzitelli G, Naydenkova D, Prishvitcyn A, Tomes M, Tskhakaya D, Van Oost G, Varju J, Veis P, Vertkov A, Vondracek P, Weinzettl V. Overview of power exhaust experiments in the COMPASS divertor with liquid metals. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Adamek M, Matras M, Dawson A, Piackova V, Gela D, Kocour M, Adamek J, Kaminski R, Rakus K, Bergmann SM, Stachnik M, Reichert M, Steinhagen D. Type I interferon responses of common carp strains with different levels of resistance to koi herpesvirus disease during infection with CyHV-3 or SVCV. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:809-819. [PMID: 30776543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carp from breeding strains with different genetic background present diverse levels of resistance to viral pathogens. Carp strains of Asian origin, currently being treated as Cyprinus rubrofuscus L., especially Amur wild carp (AS), were proven to be more resistant to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD; caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CyHV-3) than strains originating from Europe and belonging to Cyprinus carpio L., like the Prerov scale carp (PS) or koi carp from a breed in the Czech Republic. We hypothesised that it can be associated with a higher magnitude of type I interferon (IFN) response as a first line of innate defence mechanisms against viral infections. To evaluate this hypothesis, four strains of common carp (AS, Rop, PS and koi) were challenged using two viral infection models: Rhabdovirus SVCV (spring viremia of carp virus) and alloherpesvirus CyHV-3. The infection with SVCV induced a low mortality rates and the most resistant was the Rop strain (no mortalities), whereas the PS strain was the most susceptible (survival rate of 78%). During CyHV-3 infection, Rop and AS strains performed better (survival rates of 78% and 53%, respectively) than PS and koi strains (survival rates of 35% and 10%, respectively). The evaluation of virus loads and virus replication showed significant differences between the carp strains, which correlated with the mortality rate. The evaluation of type I IFN responses showed that there were fundamental differences between the virus infection models. While responses to the SVCV were high, the CyHV-3 generally induced low responses. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the magnitude of type I IFN responses did not correlate with a higher resistance in infected carp. In the case of a CyHV-3 infection, reduced type I IFN responses could be related to the potential ability of the virus to interfere with cellular sensing of foreign nucleic acids. Taken together, the results broaden our understanding of how common carp from different genetic strains interact with various viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marek Matras
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Andy Dawson
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, England, UK
| | - Veronika Piackova
- Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - David Gela
- Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocour
- Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Adamek
- Experimental Fish Farm in Zator, The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Experimental Fish Farm in Zabieniec, The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Magdalena Stachnik
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Michal Reichert
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Weinzettl V, Matejicek J, Ratynskaia S, Tolias P, De Angeli M, Riva G, Dimitrova M, Havlicek J, Adamek J, Seidl J, Tomes M, Cavalier J, Imrisek M, Havranek A, Panek R, Peterka M. Dust remobilization experiments on the COMPASS tokamak. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Panek R, Markovic T, Cahyna P, Dejarnac R, Havlicek J, Horacek J, Hron M, Imrisek M, Junek P, Komm M, Sestak D, Urban J, Varju J, Weinzettl V, Adamek J, Bilkova P, Bohm P, Dimitrova M, Hacek P, Kovarik K, Krbec J, Mlynar J, Podolnik A, Seidl J, Stockel J, Tomes M, Zajac F, Mitosinkova K, Peterka M, Vondracek P, the COMPASS team. Conceptual design of the COMPASS upgrade tokamak. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Spolaore M, Kovařík K, Stöckel J, Adamek J, Dejarnac R, Ďuran I, Komm M, Markovic T, Martines E, Panek R, Seidl J, Vianello N. Electromagnetic ELM and inter-ELM filaments detected in the COMPASS Scrape-Off Layer. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Kovarik K, Duran I, Stockel J, Seidl J, Adamek J, Spolaore M, Vianello N, Hacek P, Hron M, Panek R. Filamentary probe on the COMPASS tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:035106. [PMID: 28372420 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new filamentary probe recently introduced on the COMPASS tokamak. It allows the measurement of electrostatic and magnetic properties of the filaments and their changes in dependence on distance from the separatrix in the region between a divertor and midplane. The probe head is mounted on a manipulator moving the probe radially on a shot-to-shot basis. This configuration is suitable for the long term statistical measurement of the plasma filaments and the measurement of their evolution during their propagation from the separatrix to the wall. The basics of the filamentary probe construction, the evolution of the plasma parameters, and first conditional averages of the plasma filaments in the scrape-off layer of the COMPASS tokamak during the L-mode regime are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kovarik
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - I Duran
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Stockel
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Seidl
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - M Spolaore
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Vianello
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Hacek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - M Hron
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - R Panek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
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14
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Adamek M, Oschilewski A, Wohlsein P, Jung-Schroers V, Teitge F, Dawson A, Gela D, Piackova V, Kocour M, Adamek J, Bergmann SM, Steinhagen D. Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture. Vet Res 2017; 48:12. [PMID: 28222784 PMCID: PMC5320791 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of koi sleepy disease (KSD) caused by carp edema virus (CEV) may seriously affect populations of farmed common carp, one of the most important fish species for global food production. The present study shows further evidence for the involvement of CEV in outbreaks of KSD among carp and koi populations: in a series of infection experiments, CEV from two different genogroups could be transmitted to several strains of naïve common carp via cohabitation with fish infected with CEV. In recipient fish, clinical signs of KSD were induced. The virus load and viral gene expression results confirm gills as the target organ for CEV replication. Gill explants also allowed for a limited virus replication in vitro. The in vivo infection experiments revealed differences in the virulence of the two CEV genogroups which were associated with infections in koi or in common carp, with higher virulence towards the same fish variety as the donor fish. When the susceptibility of different carp strains to a CEV infection and the development of KSD were experimentally investigated, Amur wild carp showed to be relatively more resistant to the infection and did not develop clinical signs for KSD. However, the resistance could not be related to a higher magnitude of type I IFN responses of affected tissues. Despite not having a mechanistic explanation for the resistance of Amur wild carp to KSD, we recommend using this carp strain in breeding programs to limit potential losses caused by CEV in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna Oschilewski
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andy Dawson
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David Gela
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Piackova
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocour
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Adamek
- Experimental Fish Farm in Zator, The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, 32-640, Zator, Poland
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17498, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Adamek J, Müller HW, Silva C, Schrittwieser R, Ionita C, Mehlmann F, Costea S, Horacek J, Kurzan B, Bilkova P, Böhm P, Aftanas M, Vondracek P, Stöckel J, Panek R, Fernandes H, Figueiredo H. Profile measurements of the electron temperature on the ASDEX Upgrade, COMPASS, and ISTTOK tokamak using Thomson scattering, triple, and ball-pen probes. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043510. [PMID: 27131677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4945797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ball-pen probe (BPP) technique is used successfully to make profile measurements of the electron temperature on the ASDEX Upgrade (Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment), COMPASS (COMPact ASSembly), and ISTTOK (Instituto Superior Tecnico TOKamak) tokamak. The electron temperature is provided by a combination of the BPP potential (ΦBPP) and the floating potential (Vfl) of the Langmuir probe (LP), which is compared with the Thomson scattering diagnostic on ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS. Excellent agreement between the two diagnostics is obtained for circular and diverted plasmas and different heating mechanisms (Ohmic, NBI, ECRH) in deuterium discharges with the same formula Te = (ΦBPP - Vfl)/2.2. The comparative measurements of the electron temperature using BPP/LP and triple probe (TP) techniques on the ISTTOK tokamak show good agreement of averaged values only inside the separatrix. It was also found that the TP provides the electron temperature with significantly higher standard deviation than BPP/LP. However, the resulting values of both techniques are well in the phase with the maximum of cross-correlation function being 0.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H W Müller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - C Silva
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Schrittwieser
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Ionita
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Mehlmann
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Costea
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Horacek
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Kurzan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - P Bilkova
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Böhm
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Aftanas
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Vondracek
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Stöckel
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Panek
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Fernandes
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Figueiredo
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Walkden NR, Adamek J, Allan S, Dudson BD, Elmore S, Fishpool G, Harrison J, Kirk A, Komm M. Profile measurements in the plasma edge of mega amp spherical tokamak using a ball pen probe. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:023510. [PMID: 25725845 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ball pen probe (BPP) technique is used successfully to make profile measurements of plasma potential, electron temperature, and radial electric field on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak. The potential profile measured by the BPP is shown to significantly differ from the floating potential both in polarity and profile shape. By combining the BPP potential and the floating potential, the electron temperature can be measured, which is compared with the Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic. Excellent agreement between the two diagnostics is obtained when secondary electron emission is accounted for in the floating potential. From the BPP profile, an estimate of the radial electric field is extracted which is shown to be of the order ∼1 kV/m and increases with plasma current. Corrections to the BPP measurement, constrained by the TS comparison, introduce uncertainty into the ER measurements. The uncertainty is most significant in the electric field well inside the separatrix. The electric field is used to estimate toroidal and poloidal rotation velocities from E × B motion. This paper further demonstrates the ability of the ball pen probe to make valuable and important measurements in the boundary plasma of a tokamak.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Walkden
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of AS CR, v. v. i., Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Allan
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - B D Dudson
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S Elmore
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - G Fishpool
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Harrison
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Kirk
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M Komm
- Institute of Plasma Physics of AS CR, v. v. i., Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
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Veltkamp R, Hagmann S, Zschoche C, Adamek J, Sun L, Dalpke A, Giese T, Liesz A. Unterschiedliche Veränderungen des zellulären Immunsystems nach hemisphärischem und kortikalem experimentellem Mediainfarkt. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Zdrojewicz Z, Humpich G, Januszewski A, Adamek J. [The assessment of thyroid gland function in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type II)]. Wiad Lek 1999; 52:35-41. [PMID: 10335123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess thyroid gland function in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients under different therapeutic regimens. There were examined 75 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, age range 33-80 years (average 65.24 +/- 14.32 years) including 46 women and 29 men. Group I was treated with insulin, group II--with diet, and group III--with sulfonylurea derivatives oral antidiabetic agents. Control group consisted of 91 healthy persons in appropriate age. The highest glucose levels were in insulin treated group--174.17 +/- 40.31 mg%, and were significantly higher from the values observed in oral antidiabetic agents treated group (169.89 +/- 41.34 mg%), and in diet treated group, where glucose levels were the lowest--134.57 +/- 25.06 mg%. In both groups--patients treated with insulin and with oral antidiabetic agents a positive correlation between fT4 and glycated hemoglobin levels were observed. Performed experiments and investigations suggest: 1. There are no differences in thyroid gland function in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 2. Different therapies (diet, insulin therapy, oral antidiabetic agents) have no influence on thyroid gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zdrojewicz
- Katedry i Kliniki Endokrynologii i Diabetologii Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu
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19
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Juszczyk J, Adamek J. [History of activities of the Supreme Council of Polish Union of Epidemiologists and Physicians of Infectious Diseases]. Przegl Epidemiol 1994; 48:403-406. [PMID: 7597176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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20
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Kiczka W, Juszczyk J, Adamek J. [Results of the treatment of chronic active hepatitis with thymus extract (TFX-Polfa). (Evaluation of the preliminary stage of clinical studies)]. Pol Tyg Lek 1987; 42:192-6. [PMID: 3299322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Kiczka W, Hasik J, Kulesza-Kiczka M, Adamek J, Czarnecki J, Jaskólski B, Stachowiak C, Lawniczak C. [A case of nonspecific inflammation of the large and small intestine treated with the preparation TFX]. Pol Tyg Lek 1986; 41:187-9. [PMID: 3714558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Kryska A, Adamek J, Bilska W, Kiczka W. [Serum concentration of various trace elements in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis]. Pol Tyg Lek 1982; 37:477-80. [PMID: 7145750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Szkaradkiewicz A, Kiczka W, Adamek J. Studies on leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production by T lymphocytes in viral hepatitis. Digestion 1981; 22:138-43. [PMID: 7026324 DOI: 10.1159/000198622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) assessed by the production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF), was studied in patients with acute viral hepatitis type B and in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Lymphocytes from patients in the acute period of the disease and in severely active chronic aggressive hepatitis showed the ability to respond by LMIF production while lymphocytes from patients with moderately active chronic aggressive hepatitis were unable to do so. In parallel, it was shown that lymphocytes from the latter group of patients were capable of suppressing Con-A induced LMIF production. Thus, mitogen-induced mediator production may be a useful parameter in the further characterization of chronic viral hepatitis.
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24
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Juszczyk J, Dybizbańska A, Kryska A, Adamek J, Czajka B. [Binding of indocyanine green (ICG) with serum proteins in various liver diseases]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1979; 62:305-14. [PMID: 503901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Juszczyk J, Adamek J, Kryska A. [Maximal transport of indocyanine green (Tm-IGG) in parenchymatous liver disease]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1977; 57:395-406. [PMID: 887455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Juszczyk J, Kryska A, Adamek J, Dybizbańska A. [Binding at indocyanine green (IGG) to serum proteins in patients with brucellosis]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1977; 57:385-94. [PMID: 887454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Juszczyk J, Kryska A, Adamek J. [Assessment of clinical value of endogenous bilirubin clearance by the liver following Sadamine load in patients with chronic liver diseases without hyperbilirubinemia]. Pol Tyg Lek 1976; 31:1921-4. [PMID: 995727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Juszczyk J, Grala B, Adamek J, Kryska A, Panczyszak M. [Elimination of indocyanine green (ICG) in liver diseases following increased dye loading and prolonged time of measurements]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1976; 56:119-31. [PMID: 967727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Juszczyk J, Jarczewska K, Kiczka W, Adamek J, Pańczyszak M, Zeromski J. [Autoantibodies and HBAg antigenemia in chronic persistent and chronic aggressive hepatitis]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1905-8. [PMID: 1197062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Juszczyk J, Szkaradkiewicz A, Adamek J. [Delayed allergy to indocyanine green (ICG) and bromsulphalein (BSP) studied by means of leukocyte migration inhibition test]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1327-8. [PMID: 1161575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Juszcqyk J, Kiczka W, Adamek J, Kryska A. [Assessment of the hepatic function, non-specific immune reactions and the frequency of HB (Australia antigen) antigenemia in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1299-302. [PMID: 1161568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Kiczka W, Juszczyk J, Adamek J, Kosowicz J, Porawska J. [Effect of glucagon on insulin secretion in acute viral hepatitis]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1295-8. [PMID: 1161567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Juszczyk J, Kiczka W, Adamek J, Kryska A, Salwa W, Biczysko W, Zengteler G, Swietlicka-Grala J. [Hepatic clearance of endogenous bilirubin following Sadamine(xanthinol niacinate) loading in brucellosis-induced hepatocellular damage and in chronic hepatitis]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1303-5. [PMID: 1161569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Kowalski K, Gordon EE, Martinez A, Adamek J. Changes in enzyme activities of various muscle fiber types in rat induced by different exercises. J Histochem Cytochem 1969; 17:601-7. [PMID: 4186254 DOI: 10.1177/17.9.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutability of enzyme activities (phosphorylase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase) of red and white fibers was studied in rat quadriceps subjected to normal physiologic chronic exercises. A rise in phosphorylase activity was found in weight lifting and to a greater extent in running rats when muscle was taken as a whole, but both exercises resulted in equal increments for succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxydase activities. Intraregional comparisons, however, revealed the greatest relative rise of succinic dehydrogenase activity in those fibers that were regarded as predominantly anaerobic in type. This effect was seen only with running and not with weight lifting. Statistically unproved but frequently observed after running in some of the preparations was a rise of phosphorylase activity in red fibers, although to a lesser degree than in white. Thus, in contrast to the dichotomy apparent in electrophysiologic events in nerve and its dependent muscle, metabolic demands may alter what is regarded normally as fixed fiber enzyme patterns. Whole muscle cannot be studied as a biochemical entity because of diverse regional responses to the same stimuli. Endurance exercise (running) and brief, forceful exercise (weight lifting) produced quantitatively different regional changes in succinic dehydrogenase and probably in phosphorylase activities.
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