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Lees KJ, Quaife T, Artz RRE, Khomik M, Sottocornola M, Kiely G, Hambley G, Hill T, Saunders M, Cowie NR, Ritson J, Clark JM. A model of gross primary productivity based on satellite data suggests formerly afforested peatlands undergoing restoration regain full photosynthesis capacity after five to ten years. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:594-604. [PMID: 31202827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are an important terrestrial carbon store, but disturbance has resulted in the degradation of many peatland ecosystems and caused them to act as a net carbon source. Restoration work is being undertaken but monitoring the success of these schemes can be difficult and costly using traditional field-based methods. A landscape-scale alternative is to use satellite data to assess the condition of peatlands and to estimate gaseous carbon fluxes. In this study we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products to model Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) over peatland sites at various stages of restoration. We found that the MOD17A2H GPP product overestimates GPP modelled from data collected by eddy covariance towers situated at two ex-forestry sites undergoing restoration towards blanket bog at the Forsinard Flows RSPB reserve, Scotland, UK (one full year of data), and a near-natural Atlantic blanket bog site in Glencar, Ireland (ten-year data series). We calibrated a Temperature and Greenness (TG) model for the Forsinard sites and found it to be more accurate than the MODIS GPP product at local scale. We also found that inclusion of a wetness factor using the Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) improved inter-annual accuracy of the model. This TGWa (annual Temperature, Greenness and Wetness) model was then applied to six control sites comprising near-natural bog across the reserve, and to six sites on which restoration began between 1998 and 2006. GPP from 2005 to 2016 was estimated for each site using the model. The resulting modelled trends are positive at all six restored sites, increasing by approximately 5.5 g C/m2/yr every year since restoration began in the Forsinard Flows reserve. The results suggest that peatland sites undergoing restoration at Forsinard Flows reach the carbon assimilation potential of near-natural bog sites between 5 and 10 years after restoration was begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lees
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6DW, UK.
| | - T Quaife
- National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6BB, UK
| | - R R E Artz
- James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - M Khomik
- University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M Sottocornola
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - G Kiely
- Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - G Hambley
- University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AJ, Scotland, UK
| | - T Hill
- University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - M Saunders
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N R Cowie
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, UK
| | - J Ritson
- Imperial College London, SW7 2A7 UK
| | - J M Clark
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6DW, UK
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Carmo SD, Jacobs ML, Lax EM, Hall H, Ritson J, Iulita MF, Yang J, Yu L, Ducatenzeiler A, Bennett DA, Szyf M, Cuello AC. [P4–035]: AMYLOID β‐DRIVEN DNA DEMETHYLATION AS A TARGET FOR ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoILUSA
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McNamara R, Rovida S, Darcis S, Ritson J, Dunlop H. P-028: Early recognition of cognitive impairment in the ED: a pilot study. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The role of conserved negatively charged aspartic (D) and glutamic (E) acid residues within the ectodomain of the human P2X(1) receptor were examined by alanine substitution mutagenesis. Effects on ATP potency and cell surface localisation were assessed in Xenopus oocytes using the two electrode voltage clamp technique and cell surface biotinylation. Of the eleven residues tested no major shifts in ATP potency were observed with EC(50) values for ATP ranging from 0.8 to 4.3 microM (compared to 1 microM ATP for wild-type P2X(1) receptors). Peak current amplitudes for mutants D86A and D264A where reduced by approximately 90% due to a corresponding reduction in both total protein and cell surface expression. These results demonstrate that individual conserved negatively charged amino acids are not essential for ATP recognition by the human P2X(1) receptor and coordinated binding of the positive charge on magnesium complexed ATP by negatively charged amino acids is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ennion
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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