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Yong CK, Parkinson P, Kondratuk DV, Chen WH, Stannard A, Summerfield A, Sprafke JK, O'Sullivan MC, Beton PH, Anderson HL, Herz LM. Ultrafast delocalization of excitation in synthetic light-harvesting nanorings. Chem Sci 2014; 6:181-189. [PMID: 28553466 PMCID: PMC5424671 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When light is absorbed by a nanoring consisting of 6–24 porphyrin units, the excitation delocalizes over the whole molecule within 200 fs. Highly symmetric nanorings exhibit thermally enhanced super-radiance.
Rings of chlorophyll molecules harvest sunlight remarkably efficiently during photosynthesis in purple bacteria. The key to their efficiency lies in their highly delocalized excited states that allow for ultrafast energy migration. Here we show that a family of synthetic nanorings mimic the ultrafast energy transfer and delocalization observed in nature. π-Conjugated nanorings with diameters of up to 10 nm, consisting of up to 24 porphyrin units, are found to exhibit excitation delocalization within the first 200 fs of light absorption. Transitions from the first singlet excited state of the circular nanorings are dipole-forbidden as a result of symmetry constraints, but these selection rules can be lifted through static and dynamic distortions of the rings. The increase in the radiative emission rate in the larger nanorings correlates with an increase in static disorder expected from Monte Carlo simulations. For highly symmetric rings, the radiative rate is found to increase with increasing temperature. Although this type of thermally activated superradiance has been theoretically predicted in circular chromophore arrays, it has not previously been observed in any natural or synthetic systems. As expected, the activation energy for emission increases when a nanoring is fixed in a circular conformation by coordination to a radial template. These nanorings offer extended chromophores with high excitation delocalization that is remarkably stable against thermally induced disorder. Such findings open new opportunities for exploring coherence effects in nanometer molecular rings and for implementing these biomimetic light-harvesters in man-made devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaw-Keong Yong
- University of Oxford , Department of Physics , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK .
| | - Patrick Parkinson
- University of Oxford , Department of Physics , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK .
| | - Dmitry V Kondratuk
- University of Oxford , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- University of Oxford , Department of Physics , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK .
| | - Andrew Stannard
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Alex Summerfield
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Johannes K Sprafke
- University of Oxford , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Melanie C O'Sullivan
- University of Oxford , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- University of Oxford , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Laura M Herz
- University of Oxford , Department of Physics , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK .
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Kondratuk DV, Sprafke JK, O'Sullivan MC, Perdigao LMA, Saywell A, Malfois M, O'Shea JN, Beton PH, Thompson AL, Anderson HL. Vernier-templated synthesis, crystal structure, and supramolecular chemistry of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. Chemistry 2014; 20:12826-34. [PMID: 25154736 PMCID: PMC4517159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vernier templating exploits a mismatch between the number of binding sites in a template and a reactant to direct the formation of a product that is large enough to bind several template units. Here, we present a detailed study of the Vernier-templated synthesis of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses show that Vernier complexes are formed as intermediates in the cyclo-oligomerization reaction. UV/Vis/NIR titrations show that the three-component assembly of the 12-porphyrin nanoring figure-of-eight template complex displays high allosteric cooperativity and chelate cooperativity. This nanoring–template 1:2 complex is among the largest synthetic molecules to have been characterized by single-crystal analysis. It crystallizes as a racemate, with an angle of 27° between the planes of the two template units. The crystal structure reveals many unexpected intramolecular C–H⋅⋅⋅N contacts involving the tert-butyl side chains. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments show that molecules of the 12-porphyrin template complex can remain intact on the gold surface, although the majority of the material unfolds into the free nanoring during electrospray deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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Sprafke JK, Spruell JM, Mattson KM, Montarnal D, McGrath AJ, Pötzsch R, Miyajima D, Hu J, Latimer AA, Voit BI, Aida T, Hawker CJ. Revisiting thiol-yne chemistry: Selective and efficient monoaddition for block and graft copolymer formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K. Sprafke
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Jason M. Spruell
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Kaila M. Mattson
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Robert Pötzsch
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Daigo Miyajima
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Jerry Hu
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Allegra A. Latimer
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Brigitte I. Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Materials; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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See KA, Jun YS, Gerbec JA, Sprafke JK, Wudl F, Stucky GD, Seshadri R. Sulfur-functionalized mesoporous carbons as sulfur hosts in Li-S batteries: increasing the affinity of polysulfide intermediates to enhance performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:10908-10916. [PMID: 24524220 DOI: 10.1021/am405025n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Li-S system offers a tantalizing battery for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage due to its high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g(-1) and its employment of abundant and available materials. One major challenge in this system stems from the formation of soluble polysulfides during the reduction of S8, the active cathode material, during discharge. The ability to deploy this system hinges on the ability to control the behavior of these polysulfides by containing them in the cathode and allowing for further redox. Here, we exploit the high surface areas and good electrical conductivity of mesoporous carbons (MC) to achieve high sulfur utilization while functionalizing the MC with sulfur (S-MC) in order to modify the surface chemistry and attract polysulfides to the carbon material. S-MC materials show enhanced capacity and cyclability trending as a function of sulfur functionality, specifically a 50% enhancement in discharge capacity is observed at high cycles (60-100 cycles). Impedance spectroscopy suggests that the S-MC materials exhibit a lower charge-transfer resistance compared with MC materials which allows for more efficient electrochemistry with species in solution at the cathode. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows that the change in surface chemistry from unfunctionalized to S-functionalized carbons results in an increased affinity of the polysulfide intermediates for the S-MC materials, which is the likely cause for enhanced cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A See
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Materials Research Laboratory, and #Materials Department, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Hutin M, Sprafke JK, Odell B, Anderson HL, Claridge TDW. A discrete three-layer stack aggregate of a linear porphyrin tetramer: solution-phase structure elucidation by NMR and X-ray scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12798-807. [PMID: 23909839 DOI: 10.1021/ja406015r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation of stacked aggregates can dramatically alter the properties of aromatic π-systems, yet the solution-phase structure elucidation of these aggregates is often impossible because broad distributions of species are formed, giving uninformative spectroscopic data. Here, we show that a butadiyne-linked zinc porphyrin tetramer forms a remarkably well-defined aggregate, consisting of exactly three molecules, in a parallel stacked arrangement (in chloroform at room temperature; concentration 1 mM-0.1 μM). The aggregate has a mass of 14.7 kDa. Unlike most previously reported aggregates, it gives sharp NMR resonances and aggregation is in slow exchange on the NMR time scale. The structure was elucidated using a range of NMR techniques, including diffusion-editing, (1)H-(29)Si HMBC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY and NOESY, and (1)H-(13)C edited HSQC spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the (1)H-(1)H COSY spectrum revealed many long-range residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), and detailed analysis of magnetic field-induced (1)H-(13)C RDCs provided further evidence for the structural model. The size and shape of the aggregate is supported by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data. It adopts a geometry that maximizes van der Waals contact between the porphyrins, while avoiding clashes between side chains. The need for interdigitation of the side chains prevents formation of stacks consisting of more than three layers. Although a detailed analysis has only been carried out for one compound (the tetramer), comparison with the NMR spectra of other oligomers indicates that they form similar three-layer stacks. In all cases, aggregation can be prevented by addition of pyridine, although at low pyridine concentrations, disaggregation takes many hours to reach equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hutin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Lee BF, Wolffs M, Delaney KT, Sprafke JK, Leibfarth FA, Hawker CJ, Lynd NA. Reactivity ratios, and mechanistic insight for anionic ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides. Macromolecules 2012; 45:3722-3731. [PMID: 23226879 PMCID: PMC3514019 DOI: 10.1021/ma300634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity ratios were evaluated for anionic ring-opening copolymerizations of ethylene oxide (EO) with either allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) or ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether (EGVGE) using a benzyl alkoxide initiator. The chemical shift for the benzylic protons of the initiator, as measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, were observed to be sensitive to the sequence of the first two monomers added to the initiator during polymer growth. Using a simple kinetic model for initiation and the first propagation step, reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of AGE and EGVGE with EO could be determined by analysis of the (1)H NMR spectroscopy for the resulting copolymer. For the copolymerization between EO and AGE, the reactivity ratios were determined to be r(AGE) = 1.31 ± 0.26 and r(EO) = 0.54 ± 0.03, while for EO and EGVGE, the reactivity ratios were r(EGVGE) = 3.50 ± 0.90 and r(EO) = 0.32 ± 0.10. These ratios were consistent with the compositional drift observed in the copolymerization between EO and EGVGE, with EGVGE being consumed early in the copolymerization. These experimental results, combined with density functional calculations, allowed a mechanism for oxyanionic ring-opening polymerization that begins with coordination of the Lewis-basic epoxide to the cation to be proposed. The calculated transition-state energies agree qualitatively with the observed relative rates for polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjae F Lee
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara ; Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara ; Chemical Research Institute, Samsung Cheil Industries Inc., Republic of Korea
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Hogben HJ, Sprafke JK, Hoffmann M, Pawlicki M, Anderson HL. Stepwise Effective Molarities in Porphyrin Oligomer Complexes: Preorganization Results in Exceptionally Strong Chelate Cooperativity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20962-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Hogben
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes K. Sprafke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Sprafke JK, Kondratuk DV, Wykes M, Thompson AL, Hoffmann M, Drevinskas R, Chen WH, Yong CK, Kärnbratt J, Bullock JE, Malfois M, Wasielewski MR, Albinsson B, Herz LM, Zigmantas D, Beljonne D, Anderson HL. Belt-Shaped π-Systems: Relating Geometry to Electronic Structure in a Six-Porphyrin Nanoring. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17262-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2045919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K. Sprafke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry V. Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wykes
- Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Drevinskas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chaw Keong Yong
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Joakim Kärnbratt
- Department of Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 3, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joseph E. Bullock
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marc Malfois
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 3, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Beljonne
- Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Fenwick O, Sprafke JK, Binas J, Kondratuk DV, Di Stasio F, Anderson HL, Cacialli F. Linear and cyclic porphyrin hexamers as near-infrared emitters in organic light-emitting diodes. Nano Lett 2011; 11:2451-2456. [PMID: 21591769 DOI: 10.1021/nl2008778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we report organic light-emitting diodes incorporating linear and cyclic porphyrin hexamers which have red-shifted emission (λ(PL) = 873 and 920 nm, respectively) compared to single porphyrin rings as a consequence of their extended π-conjugation. We studied the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of blends with poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole), demonstrating a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 7.7% for the linear hexamer when using additives to prevent aggregation and achieving high color purity near-infrared electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fenwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Sprafke JK, Odell B, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. “Alles-oder-Nichts”-Kooperativität bei der Selbstorganisation eines Annulen-Sandwichs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sprafke JK, Odell B, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. All-or-Nothing Cooperative Self-Assembly of an Annulene Sandwich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5572-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Stranks SD, Sprafke JK, Anderson HL, Nicholas RJ. Electronic and mechanical modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by binding to porphyrin oligomers. ACS Nano 2011; 5:2307-2315. [PMID: 21355592 DOI: 10.1021/nn103588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the noncovalent binding of conjugated porphyrin oligomers to small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and highlight two remarkable observations. First, the binding of the oligomers to SWNTs is so strong that it induces mechanical strain on the nanotubes in solution. The magnitudes of the strains are comparable to those found in solid-state studies. Comparable strains are not observed in any other SWNT-supramolecular complexes. Second, large decreases in polymer band gap with increasing length of the oligomer lead to the formation of a type-II heterojunction between long chain oligomers and small-diameter nanotubes. This is demonstrated by the observation of enhanced red-shifts for the nanotube interband transitions. These complexes offer considerable promise for photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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Sprafke JK, Stranks SD, Warner JH, Nicholas RJ, Anderson HL. Noncovalent Binding of Carbon Nanotubes by Porphyrin Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2313-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sprafke JK, Stranks SD, Warner JH, Nicholas RJ, Anderson HL. Noncovalent Binding of Carbon Nanotubes by Porphyrin Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Saywell A, Sprafke JK, Esdaile LJ, Britton AJ, Rienzo A, Anderson HL, O'Shea JN, Beton PH. Conformation and Packing of Porphyrin Polymer Chains Deposited Using Electrospray on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Saywell A, Sprafke JK, Esdaile LJ, Britton AJ, Rienzo A, Anderson HL, O'Shea JN, Beton PH. Conformation and Packing of Porphyrin Polymer Chains Deposited Using Electrospray on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9136-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang W, Sprafke JK, Ma M, Tsui EY, Sydlik SA, Rutledge GC, Swager TM. Modular Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8446-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja810049z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Johannes K. Sprafke
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Emily Y. Tsui
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Stefanie A. Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gregory C. Rutledge
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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